Boussac (Digs)

Geography

Located at the edge of the Petite Digs (affluent of Right Bank of the Creuse), Boussac is to approximately 40 km in the North-East of Guéret. The inhabitants are Boussaquins

Administration

Demography

Economy

Remote origins

Boussac draws its name from Latin Bociacus/Bociacum (" the field of Bocius"). One finds Cappella de Bociaco (1095), Bocac Ecclesiarum (1104), tired Botzac Eglesias - writing in occitan - (1150); in 1150 the appearance of the names Castrum de Botzac and of Cappella de Botzac Chastel attest the existence of a seigniory. Actually, this one was established since the middle of the 11th century following the archivist Eugene Hubert (1931).

The posterity of the family of Brush

This seigniory belonged to the family of Déols (sometimes qualified " princière" , which is abusive, except if one considers that in bottom Latin princeps can just as easily mean " prince" that " seigneur")) the descendants of Ebbes I of Déols (death towards 935) were indeed, at that time, most powerful feudal of the Berry. At the 12th century, an alliance between two brothers of the family of Brush and two girls of thumb|left|350px|The castle of Boussac, dominating the valley of Small Hollow.]] The seigniory of Boussac will remain in its direct line until [[Jean IV of Brush]], count de Penthièvre and duke of Stamps died in 1565. This one was the very obliging husband of [[Anne de Pisseleu]], mistress of [[François Ier de France|François Ier]]. Its fields, including the county of Penthièvre, will pass then to his/her sister, Charlotte of Brittany, marries of Sebastien of Luxembourg, then with their descendants, successively allied at the house of Lorraine Own way, and César de Bourbon, wire legitimated of [[Henri IV of France|Henri IV]] and of [[Gabrielle d' Estrées]]. Until the Revolution, Boussac will be managed by four consuls, named each year {{quotation|by the four outgoing ones of load}}. As much to say that four families and their allies share the responsibility for the business local elections from one generation to another. They must in particular take care of the good walk of the hospital founded by [[Louis I of Brush]], Mort in 1356 with [[battles of Poitiers]] the , located close to the cemetery of the city. In second half of the {{S|XVII|E}}, according to the historian of Berry, [[Thaumas of Thaumassière]], Boussac is presented in the form of a {{quotation|a small town of approximately hundred houses, girded flanked walls of turns with ten measuring apparatuses (approximately 20 meters) from/to each other. There is a strong castle which joint the city, built on an almost inaccessible rock, height of more than forty spades (...) the walls very thick and is provided with it with turns, one of which is higher and more beautiful which sees}}. The country of surrounding, where the ponds, wood, the coppices of wild roses and chestnuts abound, is considered poor, producing only corn and rye. One however fattens cattle with turnips and sweet chestnuts. The fairs of Boussac, instituted by [[Jean IV of Brush]], are famous in all Berry and ensure a relative prosperity to this small borough, whose population will exceed hardly 600 inhabitants the day before the Revolution. These fairs take place Monday of [[Branches]], Thursday before [[Pentecost]], {{quotation|Thursday before the decapitation of saint Jean-Baptiste}} (in June), and {{quotation|Thursday before the decapitation of holy Valerie}} (in December). Exchanged by César de Bourbon with a family member of Loménie, then sold to a gentleman auvergnat, Jean De Rilhac, the seigniory of Boussac will remain in the posterity of this last until the Revolution day before. Charles Henri de Carbonnières, his descendant by the women, is then the owner of the seigniory and the castle. In {{date||December|1793}}, the inspection committee of Guéret denounces the leniency of the committee of Boussac with regard to the family of Carbonnières and orders the arrest of all its members. They will be released, seems it, in {{date||March|1794}} on the intervention of conventional on mission, except for Charles Henri, transferred to [[Guéret]]. One knows nothing of his fate, but undoubtedly it was returned to his family after the fall of [[Robespierre]]. In [[1790]], the limits of the communes had been generally copied on that of the old parishes. Thus the surface of Boussac did not exceed 150 hectares (yesterday like today), whereas Boussac-Borough (which comprises two churches, and which was undoubtedly the parish indicated in 1150 under the name of '' tired Botzac Eglesias ''), counted some nearly 4000. == the time of the sub-prefecture == The law of the 28 [[pluviôse]] [[year VIII]] ({{date|7|June|1800}}) created the district of Boussac, composed of the cantons of Boussac, [[Chambon]], [[Châtelus]], and [[Jarnages]]. Boussac, until there place chief of district, became the seat of the news under prefecture, which was removed, with others in France, in [[1926]]. Among the sub-prefects of Boussac appears [[Joseph Joullietton]], author of famous the '' Histoire of the Walk and the country of Combraille '' 2 vol., Guéret, [[1814]] - [[1815]] . Named in [[1825]], it remained in function until its death in [[1829]]. In the years [[1840]], the opinions are divided on the charm of the town of Boussac. In {{date||July|1841}}, [[Prosper Mérimée]], general inspector of the historic buildings, who carries out a round in the area, is shown more than severe: {{quotation|Boussac is a horrible hole, most hideous under préfectue of France. The castle does not have the merit to even have feudal turning, it resembles these unpleasant manors of Brittany, built by masons who could not have earned their different living leaves}}. In its novel '' Jeanne '' (1836), [[George Sand]] had run by advance the counter to that which was his/her transitory lover ({{quotation|I had Mérimée, it is well little}}) It writes indeed: {{quotation|The town of Boussac can be regarded as one of weakest and the ugliest sub-prefectures of the Center. It is not the opinion of the narrator of this history. Thrown on abrupt hills, along the Small one Digs, with the confluence of a fast brook, Boussac offers an assembly of houses, rocks, torrents, badly arranged streets and escarpés ways which give him a very picturesque aspect}}. Further, it will describe the castle like {{quotation|irregular, gracious and vain in its simplicity}}. == the castle == Built with the {{XVe century}}, the castle was altered with the {{sp|XVI|E|and|XVII|E|S}}. ({{Coord|46|20|53|NR|2|12|40|E|area: FR_type: landmark}}) Yielding to objurgations of the popular company of [[Lépaud]], relayed by the administration of the department, the municipality of Boussac, without enthusiasm, had decided the dismantling of the castle in April 1794. The contractor, for a sum of 8400 pounds (payable in assignats?), proceeded to it as from July: it filled the ditches, shaved the keep, as well as the roofs " orgueilleuses" turns, cut down the gate, etc the principal body of building however remained about intact. Its main door comprises still today, with the top of the lintel, the weapons of the family of Brush (three " brosses") carved in the stone. [[Image: PICT0287.JPG|thumb|200px|Interior court of the castle of Boussac]] Sold in 1833 with the municipality of Boussac per Pauline de Carbonnières, girl of Charles Henri, become countess of Ribereix, repurchased by the department, the castle sheltered, as from 1838, the seat of the sub-prefecture of Boussac, then, after 1926, a barracks of gendarmerie. It was acquired with the beginning of the year 1960 per Mr. and Mrs. Blondeau who superbly restored it and furnished (to get information for the schedules of visit). It is composed of a flanked rectangular building of a gross round tower. Side river it presents a flanked severe frontage of two rectangular turns. On the second floor one can see the room that [[George Sand]] occupied on several occasions, in particular during an epidemic which obliged it to move away from Nohant. Contrary to well established legends, the Turkish prince [[Djem]] (" Zizim") remained forever in Boussac; with stronger reason, it is not for nothing in the clothes industry tapestries known as of " The Lady with the licorne". == the famous tapestries == The room of the guards of the castle sheltered, starting from the {{XVIIIe century}}, the six tapestries of " [[The Lady with the unicorn]] ". Carried out in Flandres between 1484 and 1500, these tapestries took as a starting point a German legend of the {{XVe century}}. Ordered by Jean Viste, chair Court of the Assistances of Lyon, they arrived in Boussac following successive heritages, as of Viste to the Rock-Aymon, then with Rilhac, barons de Boussac, and finally with Carbonnières, owners of Boussac the day before the Revolution. They remained in the castle following the sale of this one. The municipality of Boussac yielded them for the sum of 25.000 gold francs in 1882 to a rich person collector, Mr. [[Of Sommerard]], who exposed them in its [[hotel of Cluny]], in Paris. These spendides tapestries appears today among the major pieces of the Museum of the Middle Ages (old hotel of Cluny, bequeathed by Of Sommerard to the Town of Paris with the collections that it had piled up there). The product of the sale of the tapestries made it possible to pave the place of the current Fairground, which needed some undoubtedly well, the more so as it attracted important crowd the cattle fair and market days; the balance, says one, was used to set up in 1903 the statue of [[Pierre Leroux]] and to arrange the public garden which bears its name today. == summary Bibliographie == * Henri Aucapitaine, '' historical Notes on the city, the castle of Boussac and the family of Brushes '' (sic), Paris, Dumoulin, 1853 * [[Henri de Lavilatte]], '' Esquisses of Boussac '', Paris, Emile Paul, 1907 * [[Gilles Nightingale]], '' the Guide of Hollow the '', Lyon/Besancon, Manufacture 1996. * See the bibliography of the article " [[Jean de Brosse]] " ==Personnalities related to the commune== [[Image: LerouxPierreStatueBoussac.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The statue of Pierre Leroux]] * [[Pierre Leroux]] ([[1797]] - [[1871]]): philosopher, friend of [[George Sand]] was mayor of Boussac in [[1848]], mayor of Boussac in 1848, appointed of Paris (June 1848 - December 2nd, 1851). His/her brother Jules (1805-1883), was appointed the Hollow one (May 1849 - 1851). * [[George Sand]] ([[1804]] - [[1878]]), the action of its pastoral novel located partly at it: '' Jeanne '' (1836). to ==Voir aussi== * [[Common of Hollow]] ==Liens externes== * [http://www.ign.fr/affiche_rubrique.asp?rbr_id=1087&CommuneId=24386 Boussac on the site of the national geographical Institute] == Notes and references == {{Cities the Limousin}} {{Multi stringcourse|Limousin gate|Gate Massif Central|Gate Castles of France}} [[Category: Commune of the Hollow one|Boussac]] [[ceb: Boussac, Digs]] [[it: Boussac (Digs)]] [[nl: Boussac (Digs)]] [[pl: Boussac (Digs)]] [[Sr: Бусак (Крез)]] [[vo: Boussac (Digs)

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