Bouriatie

The Bouriatie or Republic of Bouriatie (in Russian: РеспубликаБурятия Respoublika Bouriatia ; in Buriat: БуряадРеспублика Bouriaad Respoublika ) is a prone of the Fédération of Russia constituting one of the Républiques of Russia). It is located on all southern bank of the Lac Baïkal, this lake being " The Sea Sacrée" the Buriat ones.

More than 100 nationalities and ethnicities different populate Bouriatie, among which Russian (69, 9%), Buriat (24%), Ukrainian (2,2%), Belorusse Tatars (1%) and (0,5%) (statistical of the census of 1999).

History

Born from a mixing between populations indigenous and wandering chamanists Mongolian with the IX {{E}} and 10th centuries, the Buriat developed a clean culture and a tinted version of Chamanisme of the Bouddhisme Tibetan. Subjected by Gengis Khan to the 12th century, they remained pledged with the Mongolian during three decades.

When the Mongolian , to the south and the east, were subjected to the Mandchous, the Buriat ones, in north, reflect fine with their alliance with them. Isolated vis-a-vis the coalition from the Mongolian and the Manchu , they decided to be placed under the supervision of the Russian empire. The Buriat princes became officers of the army tsarist and the Buriat cavalry broke the local oppositions with the support of the Russian troops. Good number of Mongolian fled towards the south the " cleaning ethnique" , others being assimilated of force.

Bouriatie forms today part of the entities constitutive of the Fédération of Russia.

Geography

Culture

Formerly the Buriat lived in tribes whose majority of the members were parents. With the head of each one of them a prince was held whose capacity was transmitted hereditarily. The ground was at the disposal of all, but the cattle belonged to the private property. Little by little, a group of leader princes, made up of having rich person, emerged and took the ascending one on princes subordinates, themselves exploiting the poorest populations. It resulted from it that, about the 17th century, the Buriat ones evolved/moved of an identity system Communautarisme with the mode feodalist.

Another originality of the Buriat culture, there was a tradition of revenge on blood which sanctioned of a fine " anza " all kinds of crimes and in particular the murder. Sometimes the business could be arranged thanks to an oath lent to a crowned place, but generally the immediate non-payment of this fine brought to an execution.

To the 17th century, a Russian ambassador, Starkoff, brought back The to the court of the tsar and thus began the trade from the between the Russia and the China. It quickly became the most popular drink of the Russians and was conveyed the shopping street of the caravans entered the history under the name of: “Main road of the”. The was transported to Irkoutsk, was become the crossroads of the commercial ways between Europe and Asia, through the Buriat territory and the Lac Baïkal. Generally the caravan travelled during more than one year. Of Irkoutsk, the was dispatched with the fairs of Tobolsk, of Tioumen, Nijni-Novgorod and good of other cities before being finally distributed through all the Russia. The overall length of the road of the accounted for 9 to 10.000 kilometers and by its turnover it occupied the second place, directly behind the Silk route.

Religion

Three principal religions are widespread in Bouriatie: the Buddhism Tibetan, orthodoxe Christendom and the Shamanisme.

There is nearly a million Buddhists in Russia, mainly in Bouriatie, in the area of Touva, and in Kalmoukie.

The 14th Dalaï Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, visited the Kalmoukie into 1991,1992 and 2004, in particular to bless the monastery of Elista built in the interval of its visits. He visited Bouriatie and the area of Touva in 1992. Yeshe Lodoi Rinpoché, a large LAMA Tibetan which had as a spiritual Master a Buriat LAMA , came from India to give lesson in Bouriatie since 1993.

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