Bourgneuf-in-Retz

Bourgneuf-in-Retz ( Borg-Noah-year-Ray in Gallo/poitevin), is a common French, located in the department of the Loire-Atlantique and the area Pays of the Loire.

The common belongs to the historical Brittany, in the traditional country of the Pays of Retz and in the historical country of the Nantes Pays.

The inhabitants of Bourgneuf are the Novobourgeois and Novobourgeoises or the Novembourgeois and Novembourgeoises while the inhabitants of village of Saint-Cyr-in-Retz belonging to the commune are the Saint-Cyriens .

Geography

Commune made up of different landscapes:

the Breton Marais in the southern part accounts for 43% of the surface of the commune, of which the dominant activities are the Ostréiculture, the breeding S (of Anguille S, bovines, of sheep, avicolous…) and of the saline Marais S which have took again their activity recently;
the slope strewn with Vineyard S (Muscadet wine, Chardonnay, Grolleau…), of dwellings and market gardenings;
the Scrap-metal in the north of the commune.

Close to the village of Saint-Cyr-in-Retz in Noë-Briord a table of orientation is (with 34 meters of altitude) where one can observe all the Breton Marais, Port of the Collet to Machecoul until Challans in the Vendée.

Bourgneuf, carries Breton Marais is an important road crossroads today on the axes Nantes - Noirmoutier, Pornic - Machecoul and Saint-Nazaire - the Vendée known as blue Route . At 30 minutes of Nantes, Bourgneuf opens the door with the Côte of Jade and the Vendean Coast.

The commune is surrounded of the communes of Bouin and Wood-with-Céné of the Vendée with the étier Falleron like natural border, and of Machecoul, Fresnay-in-Retz, Holy-Pazanne, Saint-Hilaire-with-Chaléons, Pornic and of Moutiers-in-Retz.

History

At the origin, the parish carried the name of Saint-Cyr military school, port since antiquity, but the retreat of the sea forced the inhabitants to create at the 11th century a new borough-port from where the name of " Bourgneuf" , this small port quickly became more important than the old borough of Saint-Cyr military school and the common one ended up taking its name. Bourgneuf is located in the Breton Marais which marks the border between two areas history, the Brittany of which it forms part and the Poitou. Bourgneuf was important producer of salt at the 15th century.

To the Moyen-âge its fame came especially from the Saliculture (saline Marais), the salt production was intended for British Isles, Dantzig or even Rīga and still of other destinations. At the 12th century, the Arab Géographe Edrisila described Bourgneuf as “ a pretty city where are a building site, a port and bazaars ”. The trade of salt was done directly of the producer to the purchaser.

With XIVe century is created Port of Collet with its fortress (demolished during the reign of Louis XIV for fear it does not fall to the hands from the English), an outer harbor which quickly became more important than the principal port of Bourgneuf which had become too much ensablé. This trade knew its apogee between XIVe and XVIIe centuries, in 1452 more than 200 ships come from the the Baltic came to charge with the salt in Bourgneuf. At the 18th century one produced more than 30.000 tons of salt per annum in the Breton Marais.

But the stranding of the " Baye of Brittany " the end of the salt production at the XIXe century caused because the ships could not reach the Collet any more, from where decline of Bourgneuf then. Today with the Port of the Collet, do not remain any more but of the activities of pleasure, an oyster production (Huître S the Vendée-Atlantic) and some fishing vessels which are done increasingly rare.

The Saint-François convent of Cordeliers is rested by Gerard of Machecoul and his wife Aliénor de Thouars in 1332, now it accommodates the museum of the Pays of Retz since 1962.

One will note the role of Pierre-Marie Goullin, sior of Eraudière, seneshal of Bourgneuf, which one can still see fall it into new church (XIX°).

During the Revolution, the naval forces of the " Bay of Bretagne" are based with the Port of the Collet and Bouin. Under the Terror, about fifty women and children are embarked with the Collet to be drowned in bay on the order of the revolutionary Comité of Nantes.

One of the first local decisions of the revolution is to transform the name of the city: Bourgneuf, in Bourgneuf-in-Retz.

The commune lived the Guerre of the Vendée in 1793, with in particular in March the stop of a column of 600 Vendean under the orders of Ripaud of Cathelinière of Frossay which cut down itself of a discharge of two guns in the chest the first Maire of Bourgneuf, Pierre Mourain (notary and prosecutor of Bourgneuf and Pornic) on March 24th, 1793 with the locality Foliette.

The son of the seneshal, Benoit Goullin, will marry the girl of Pierre Mourain, and will become in his Maire turn of Bourgneuf-in-Retz.

In 1854, the Cholera and the Typhus make a hundred deaths.

The railway between Nantes-Pornic is created in 1875 and passes by Bourgneuf. Since 2002, the FOR THE THIRD TIME circulates even in winter.

The marsh of Bourgneuf-in-Retz

In the beginning a river Sédimentation created this delivery point with successive payment to make an entity of it.

The first Saline S were dug at the beginning of the Christian era under the influence of the Roman S. the Moine S Bénédictins of XIe with the 13th century undertook salt constructions: pits, étier S. the activity of the salt knew its apogee at the 16th century. After which the silting amorça its decline.

It was necessary to return this space to the Agriculture. Harbor installation for the fishing and the empoldering of the Marais separate into two this medium in which salt is incompatible with an agrarian activity.

What explains the existence of the Vanne S of the Collet and of the port the Rock. The winnowing of Fresne locked the increase of salt water definitively.

Downstream there thus exist brackish water; the influence of sea water and the discharge of fresh water make of it a place favourable with the pisciculture and the development of the Aquaculture (the Collet and the acquacole zone on the commune of the Moutiers). Upstream of the valves, a water zone privileges the fishing of leisure which the silting of the étiers makes more difficult.

A fauna rich and particular makes conspicuous this medium of marsh where Héron S, white Aigrette S, Busard S of the reeds, Canard S colonize space. The marsh is a privileged place of observation and an original tourist site.

Administration

Demography

Places and monuments

Museum of the Country of Retz, its history, its culture and the lifestyles of last the
the Notre-Dame church of Good-Port, rebuilt at the 19th century in the neo-gothic style (its roof was lowered in 1975)
the Port of the Collet on the commune of Moutiers-in-Retz with the mouth of Water level Falleron
of Bourgneuf, walk around three pond S formed by the étier of Taillée, at the end of August there is a gathering of motor bikes and American vehicles in the park
Église of Saint-Cyr-in-Retz of the 19th century of the neo-gothic style
Count of orientation of Noë-Briord (point of view)
the Moulin of Arzelier, the last mill to have been in activity of all the country of Retz (of 1696 with 1957 functioned), an association would like to make it revive
the road of Millac (point of view of, old saltworks, park with Huître S, closes), the walks in the marshes (left natural)
the Hôpital with home and porch of the 18th century, account 148 beds (care long life and Old people's home)
Fontaine of Jalberges of the 19th century (one rare sources out of drinking water of the Breton Marsh, whose the novobourgeois)
Manoir profits from Noë-Briord rebuilt in 1888, old seat of the Seigneurie of Noë-Briord.
Pierre insane, only the Megalith of the Breton Marsh, was set up at one time when the sea was more distant (moreover others Menhir S is in the Baie of Bourgneuf and some can be visible with low Marée)
Before there was an old woman Gare (1876) close to the Railroad, she was demolished in 2002
Château of the Collet, old strong castle of the 12th century, which was entirely rebuilt with the 17esiècle by Joubert of the Collet, which received it of Louis XIV, in the style " madness nantaise". Confiscated with the Revolution, it was sold like national good. In the middle of the 19th century Ecomard the Holy family of Pazanne, allied with the descendant of Joubert of the Collet rachette the property, and entirely renovates it.

Personalities related to the commune

François of the Valley or the Valley (1531-1591), known as " Arm of fer" and the " Bayard-of-huguenot" , celebrates Capitaine huguenots Breton born with the castle of Noë-Briord which was companion of Henry IV
André Joubert of the Collet (captive of Dutch, he composed " Near my blonde ")
Pierre Mourain, 1st mayor of the commune, died carried out
Rene-Guy Cadou, Poète which was teacher with Bourgneuf (there exists a Public garden Rene-Guy Cadou with his bust, Route of Puymains close to the gymnasium and village hall)
a Romancier Henry Jacques " The Door of Sel" , the Playwright Jean Vine shoot and the poet Paul Fort, which frequently remained in Bourgneuf
Auguste Bichon, were appointed with Angers
Jeanne Rousseau, mayor in the Seventies
Jean Mounès, cofounder and first conservative of the museum of the Country of Retz

See too

Articles of Wikipédia

Files

salt-water Marshes in Bourgneuf, XIXe century, dimension 15 J 96 > Fonds of Langle (15 J), Files I&V.

External bonds

Bourgneuf-in-Retz, commune of the Country of Retz
Museum of the Country of Retz
Site of the community of communes of Machecoul - presentation of Bourgneuf-in-Retz
Site on the Loire-Atlantique - descriptive Card of Bourgneuf-in-Retz
Site Loire-France - description of Bourgneuf-in-Retz
InfoBretagne.com Site - history and monuments of Bourgneuf-in-Retz
Geography of Brittany, gate of the cities and countries Breton - Bourgneuf-in-Retz/Bourc' hnevez-Raez
With close to my blonde
the association of the mill of Arzellier
Bourgneuf-in-Retz on the site of the national geographical Institute
Bourgneuf-in-Retz on the site of INSEE
Bourgneuf-in-Retz on the site of Quid
Localization of Bourgneuf-in-Retz on a chart of France and communes bordering
Plane on Bourgneuf-in-Retz on Mapquest

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