Bothriocéphales

The bothriocéphales (the Bothriocephalus ) are parasitic Ver S . More exactly in fact Cestode S have the Scolex carrying Bothridies and which cause the Bothriocéphalose S .

These parasitic worms are frequent in the cold areas (Baltique, the North Sea, big lakes…) where the population eats Poisson smoked and/or believed (sushi, carpaccio, etc). It can infect the foxes, the men, the cats…
It is a parasite Hétéroxène.

Morphology

The adult, smoked gray, are tallest of the Taenia S (Ténia S) of the man. The head or Scolex, tiny, oblong, is provided with two bodies of fixing in longitudinal slits, the Bothridie S; it is followed, after the narrow germinative zone, of a very long ribboned chain (10 to 12 m) of successive segments broader than long: " anneaux" " or Proglottis Hermaphrodite S.

Development cycle

Fixed at the mucous membrane by its scolex, the botriocéphale saw in the light of the Small intestine where the ripe rings without being detached, lay progressively of their marturation, eggs with valve, brownish, ovalaires, of 70 out of 50 microns, which are eliminated in the saddles. The eggs released in the excrements of the host are found in water where is born then the cillié embryo called Hexacanthe or larva coracidium . This one is eaten by a shellfish, the Cyclops or Diaptomus, in the body of which it becomes larva Procercoïde. The cyclops is in its turn eaten by a carnivorous fish (often pike or carp) and the larva reaches the liver or the muscles where it is transformed into Pleurocercoïde.
The mammal or the man which will eat infested fish will develop in his body the adult form, which will then emit several egg million per day evacuated in the excrements. The cycle is then buckled. The purification plants filter, in best case, only 95 to 99%… etc

Private clinic

The bothriocéphalose car its originality of association, in certain cases, of a feeble syndrome to the téniasis resulting from the presence of the worms in the intestine.

the Téniasis, banal, asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic in the light parasitoses (with some worms), can be more clearly marked in the massive infestations bringing the cohabitation in the intestine of 100 worms and more; the mechanical disorders dominate the table then, being able to lead to serious complications: intestinal Obstruction, Vomiting S incoercible with rejection of several meters of chain, crises of Suffocation and, sometimes, Collapse.
the feeble syndrome is met on average in 5 cases on 1 000, but, in fact, the cases are gathered in certain zones or preferential human groups (Finland). The Anemia " bothriocéphalique" is, above all, an anemia of competition due to the exaggerated consumption of Vitamine B12 by the worms.

Diagnosis

Directed by the private clinic in the zones of endémie, the diagnosis of certainty is obtained by the discovery, in the saddles, of characteristic eggs.

Treatment

In all the cases , one will initially seek to expel the worms, by the injection of Gastrographine in the Duodénum.
In the event of bothriocephalic anemia , the treatment above will be enough in the light cases, but one will be able all the same to help the patient by the administration of moderate amounts of Vitamine B12; in the pernicious anemias, saw it. B12 will be managed initially with massive amounts until the return to the normal of the hematologic examinations, then with amounts of maintenance during a more or less long time.

Disease prevention

To prevent parasite the treatments are:

congelation with -10°C during 8 to 72 hours, according to the thickness of fish,
cooking with 55°C during five minutes.

References

Random links: