Bolometer
A bolometer (of the Greek bolè: radiation and metron: measure) is a detector developed by Samuel Pierpont Langley in 1878 in order to study the electromagnetic Rayonnement solar. Its principle is simple: it converts the energy of the incidental electromagnetic radiation into heat within the absorber. This last is (or is related to) a thermometer whose electric or magnetic properties depend on the temperature, one can thus measure the variations of impedance of the detector, and thus electromagnetic energy incidente. The bolometers can cover the entirety of the electromagnetic Specter. However, the technologies implemented specialize each type of bolometer to a definite field wavelength and to a particulière. use For example, one uses spiderweb (cobweb) for better catching the millimétrique. radiation These apparatuses count among the most powerful sensors for the X-radiation, the remote Infrarouge and the submillimeter . They from now on will be embarked on board satellites of astronomical observation, such Planck. In order to increase their sensitivity and to reduce their intrinsic “noise”, i.e. the parasitic radiation that they emit, the bolometers are generally cooled at very low temperature (around some Kelvins, i.e. at temperatures lower than -269°C). Another application of the bolometers is the detection of the particles. In particular, they are used in the research of the black Matière by experiments of very low radioactivity like CDMS, EDELWEISS… In this case he is massive bolometers (a few hundred grams) cooled with ten milli- Kelvin is -273,14°C (0K <=> -273,15°C).
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