Bolesław Bierut

Bolesław Bierut (born on April 18th, 1892 in Rury Brigidkowskie close to Lublin, in Poland, deceased on March 12th, 1956, with Moscow), was a Polish politician. He was the founder and the supreme leader of the Communist regime in his country.

Biography

Wire of teacher of village, he works young person in a printing works, and enters as of the 20 years age the left fraction of the Polish Socialist party, the “PPS-Lewica” called to become later the Polish Communist party. In 1927, he became member of the central committee of the Polish Communist party. In the interval, he exerted several functions with the co-operative of consumption directed by the left and remained in Moscow between 1925 and 1926 and 1928 and 1930, then attending the High School of the Party. In the years 1930 - 1932, he was civil servant of the Internationale Communist (Comintern) and of NKVD in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Austria.

In 1933 he was condemned by the Polish courts of the mode of Piłsudski known as of to 10 years of detention which he purged in the badly famed prison of Rawicz, before being pardoned in 1938 and released. Curiously this stay in prison saved the life to him, because he escaped the “purgings thus” from Stalin which liquidated about 1937 the totality of the leaders of the Polish PC (left rather small since he counted approximately 30.000 members on a population of 35 million inhabitants). Until the beginning of the war, in 1939, he worked then like employee in a co-operative of consumption of Warsaw.

In order to escape (at the 47 years age) enrôlement in the Polish army after the beginning from the war, it flees of Warsaw in the East of Poland which, after September 17th, 1939, was occupied by the Red Army. From there it went to Kiev where it entered in 1940 the PCUS. In 1941 it passed to Minsk, occupied by the Germans, and worked there almost two years for the municipality.

On the order of Stalin, it went in 1943 in occupied Warsaw and dealt with soon important functions in the central committee and the general secretary of the Parti working Polish who was being born. From December 1944, he was president of the provisional government of Poland. In 1947 he was elected by the Sejm president of the Republic and occupied this function until 1952.

December 22nd, 1948, he is elected first secretary of the working Parti unified Polish by the Central committee, function which becomes highest of the State, with the proclamation of the Popular republic of Poland, in 1952.

After the transformation of the State into a “popular republic” who removed the position of president, he was initially president of the Council of State then Prime Minister (1952-1954); and remained General secretary or First secretary of the Central committee.

According to the Soviet model, it became the object of a worship of the personality, and behaved into vassal Stalin of which he was a friend.

In March 1956, Bierut went to Moscow to take part in the consultations of the XXème congress of the PCUS. After he had heard the secret speech of Nikita Khrouchtchev on the worship of the person and the crimes of Stalin, he abruptly fell sick and died in Moscow. He was entitled to official funeral and a mausoleum with the military cemetery of Warsaw.

His/her son, Jan Chyliński, were ambassador of Poland with Bonn in the years 1970.

Decrees of Bierut

The decrees which bear the name of Bierut, like the decrees of Beneš in Czechoslovakia of then, made following the conference of Potsdam between the three victorious great powers of 1945. They allowed in all impunity the expulsion and the expropriation of the German population in Eastern Prussia, in Silesia, in Poméranie and in the East of Brandebourg.

Sources

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