Bohemia - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Geography

Bohemia occupies two thirds, Westerner and exchange, of the Czech Republic. With a surface of 52.750 km ² and 6,25 million the 10,3 million inhabitants whom account the country, Bohemia is limited to the west by the Germany, in the North-East by the Poland, in the east by the Czech province of Moravie, and in the south by the Austria. The borders of Bohemia are marked by assembly lines such as the Forêt of Bohemia, the Metalliferous Monts or the Monts of the Giants.

History

Celts

Bohemia owes its name with the Boïens , nation Celtic which would have been fixed there under Sigovèse, in 587 av. J. - C. but the reliable historical sources miss. These people were probably driven out by it under Auguste, by the Marcomans.

Great invasions

It is possible that the territories constituting current Bohemia were integrated into the 7th century with the transitory kingdom of the Franc Samo, but that is very hypothetical. However, certain researchers (primarily Czech) consider that it is probable that the battle of Wogastisburg delivered by Samo proceeded close to Prague, even if we do not have any certainty on this subject.

Slavic

According to the local traditions, lying on paper at the beginning of the 11th century by Cosmas of Prague, the tribes living on these territories first of all had as chiefs the legendary sovereigns Cech then Croc.

Always according to Cosmas, Přemysl, which had married Libuše, girl of Croc, reigned after him and would be at the origin of the dynasty of the Přemyslides which died out in 1306, and which after having carried the ducal crown until Vratislav II of Bohemia, became royal under this prince (1086) by a decree of the emperor Henri IV of the Holy roman Empire.

Holy roman Empire

Spytihněv I {{er}} had, as of the 10th century, recognized the suzerainty of the Germanic empire on the kingdom, doing this one the only kingdom within the Germanic Roman Holy roman Empire which knows only the princes voters and the emperor. To died from Venceslas III of Bohemia in 1306, the kingdom passed initially to Rodolphe III of Habsbourg, then with Henri de Carinthie, and finally with the Maison of Luxembourg, which gave him four kings, of 1309 with 1437. It was under reign of Wenceslas IV, one of princes of this house, that Jean Hus and its disciples répendirent in Bohemia these new religious doctrines which embraced the Germany and caused, even after the torment of Jean Hus and Jerome of Prague, condemned in 1415 by the Concile of Constancy, a civil war which afflicted this country more than 16 years.

Bohemia was then reserved by marriage for Albert II of the Holy roman Empire (1437 - 1439), of which the son, Ladislas Ier of Bohemia, died in 1457, without posterity. Georges of Bohemia, simple gentleman gipsy was then elected: he was maintained until in 1471, in spite of the lightnings of the the Vatican, the treason of his son-in-law Mathias Corvin, and the rebellion of most powerful vassal. Vladislas IV of Bohemia and Louis of the dynasty of the Jagellon S of Poland, occupied the throne after him.

Austria

In 1526, Ferdinand Ier of the Holy roman Empire, brother of Charles Quint, was elected king and with him started definitively the Austrian house of Bohemia, elective until in 1547, hereditary until the 19th century. Bohemia did not cease any more belonging to the Austria but during a few moments in 1619 and 1629 until the 19th century.

Independence

In 1918, the Czechs and the Slovak ones are émancipent of the Austro-Hungarian supervision and found the Czechoslovakia. In 1993, the latter is divided to give rise to Slovakia and the Czech Republic which inherits the historical area of Bohemia.

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