Bogdo Gegen

The Jebtsundamba Khutuktu constitute a line of Tulku. They are hiérarques line Gelug of the Bouddhisme Tibetan in Mongolia. They are the reincarnation of the LAMA and well-read man Taranatha, chief of the school Jonang absorptive by Gelug after its death.

Taranatha finished its days among Mongols Khalkha, it is thus among them that one discovers his first reincarnation in the person of the three years old son of Gombodorji (1594 - 1655), grandson of Abdaï Khan. Born in 1635 and died in 1723, it is first Jebtsundamba (Jetsun is the name of Taranatha), also known under the title of Bogdo Zanabazar . Zanabazar is a Mongolian pronunciation of the word Sanskrit Jñanavajra , " Vajra de Connaissance". Its successive incarnations are called Jebtsundamba-khutukhtu .

Zanabazar goes to the Tibet to the 14 years age, between 1649 and 1651, and receives a tibéto-Mongolian education. It is named by the Dalaï LAMA Bogdo Gegen , " pontiff éclairé" , one of the three important titles for the Mongolian Buddhists with that of Dalaï Lama and Panchen LAMA. Extremely shining, he is at the same time sculptor, painter, architect and translator, and invents even a phonetic writing of the Mongolian , Tibetan and Sanskrit. At age the 17 years (or only 13 years, according to certain sources), it founds the monastery of Da Khüriye, which becomes starting from 1778 and after several displacements the core of future Urga (Ulan-Bator). It drives in 1723, shortly after a 10 years stay in China.

The force of its personality surely contributed to the prestige of its successors. With died of the second of them, the Qing issued that they would be born from now on with the Tibet. Although they are as from this time of origin Tibetan, the Mongols continued to venerate them and to regard them as the chiefs of the Buddhist hierarchy in Mongolia.

Also, when Mongolia declared its independence in 1911, she regarded herself as a monarchy directed by the 8th Jebtsundamba khutukhtu (1869 - 1924) Bogdo Gegen, which was Head of State with the title of Bogdo Khan until its death in 1924. Thereafter, the Communist government declared that there should not any more be of another reincarnation. Current Jebtsundamba, Jampal Namdol Chokye Gyaltsen, identified with age the four years and old of an about sixty years in 2006, was born with Lhassa, the Tibet. In 1959, it fled in India with Dharamsala where it lives in exile. The 14th Dalai Lama named it representing tradition Jonang.

Mongolian Buddhism is a form of Buddhism Tibetan particularly dependant on Gelug and their temporal chief the Dalaï Lama. After Gengis Khan (1167-1227) undertook to conquer Asia, the Mongols arrived at the borders Tibetans. In XVIe century, at the time of a seat, two monks of the " School of the vertueux" (Gelugpa) prisoners by a Mongolian tribe were made. The prince Altan Khan, who reigned then on the Mongols, was allured by their attitude and their religion. He invited by twice in Mongolia (1569, 1578) the chief of the Gelugpa School, Sonam Gyatso, and converts with Buddhism during the second visit. The Eastern Mongolian nations became Buddhist thereafter. Altan Khan created and offered the title of Dalaï Lama (" Ocean of sagesse") with Sonam Gyatso, chief of the Gelugpa School, title which was applied retroactively to its two preceding incarnations.

The veneration which the Dalaï Lama enjoys in the Mongolian population was highlighted at the time of its five visits at Ulan-Bator. For its first visit in September 1991, 700.000 people had converged towards the city to accommodate it. The last visit of Dalaï Lama in Mongolia goes back in August 2006. He declared: A long time ago, Mongolia was like Tibet, the inhabitants of our two countries were barbarians. But through education and of training, we became the countries which we are today. The relations between Tibet and Mongolia are indeed old. The arrival of the Nobel Prize of peace 1989 crowns one year of celebration for Mongolia, which celebrated, in July 2006, the 800 years of creation by Genghis Khan of the Mongolian State. In the traces of her predecessors, the 14th Dalaï Lama gave a conference in the Mongolian capital in front of 10.000 people, during whom he in particular declared that the Buddhist heritage of Tibet helped its people during the tops and of bottoms of its history.

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