Black September

Name black September (rear RTL أيلولالأسود) is used to indicate two things: an event on the one hand - the massacre of Palestinians by the Jordanian army in 1970 - and a Palestinian militant organization on the other hand, which was named thus following the above mentioned event.

The massacre of September 1970

In 1970, the Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat calls with the inversion of the monarchy of the Hachémites, while being based on the fact that 75% of the inhabitants of the Jordan were now Palestinians with a degree or another. The Jordanian king Hussein is not let make and, seeking an agreement with Israel on the basis of Roger plan (prohibiting any military operation against Israel), makes massacre per tens of thousands the Palestinians, who they are Fedayin S or civilians, by sending the army in the refugee camps. Yasser Arafat will leave to take refuge with the Lebanon with her fedayins. This dramatic episode is known under the term of black September .

The organization “black September”

black September is also the name which a Palestinian militant group gave itself following the above mentioned events, and famous for the assassination of Jordanian the Prime Minister Wasfi Tall in November 1971 and for the taken of hostage of Israeli athletes in September 1972 with Munich during the Olympic Games.

The members of the group black September came mainly from the Fatah. The group was created after the expulsion of Jordan of the organized structures of the Palestinians, after bloody combat.

The group assassinates with the Cairo in November 1971 Jordanian the Prime Minister Wasfi Tall who represented the hard line of the Jordanian government with respect to the Palestinians: it is him which had ordered the crushing of Palestinian resistance present in Jordan.

The group penetrated in the Olympic village with Munich in September 1972 and took as an hostage eleven Israeli athletes. He claimed the release of 200 Palestinian prisoners who were imprisoned in Israel. The taking of hostages ends in the death of the eleven Israeli athletes, of five of the eight Palestinian militants and a German police officer . In reprisals, Israel engages a tracking (carried out by the Mossad) of the surviving members as well as raids against the refugee camps and the villages located at the border with the Lebanon.

Tracked by Mossad

The Prime Minister israëlien Golda Meir decides to organize a response, that she entrusts to the various Israeli secret services, of which Mossad. This operation is known under the name of Opération Bayonet or Colère of God . A list discussed of personalities to cut down is then drawn up: it is the " list noire" of Golda Meïr, or " list Golda".

Approximately 35 militants are then aimed, among them:

Abdel Wael Zwaiter, representing PLO with Rome, killed by ball while waiting for the elevator of its building the October 16th 1972;
Hussein Al Bachir killed in the explosion of its room in Olympic hotel with Nicosie the January 24th 1973;
Abou Youssouf, killed with Beirut the February 20th 1973;
Mohammed Boudia: killed in a car bomb with Paris the June 28th 1973;
Ali Hassan Salameh known as Abou Hassan, called “Prince Rouge” by Mossad: killed in a car bomb with Beirut the January 22nd 1979.

It is within the framework of this operation of revenge that Mossad will know one of its greater failures while killing, the July 21st 1973 with Lillehammer, Ahmed Bouchiki. The great resemblance of this Moroccan waiter to a member of black September sought by Mossad would explain the reason of this mistake. But Bouchiki did not have any bond with the organization.

In 2005, Steven Spielberg carries out Munich showing the Israeli answer of the taking of hostages, the film was criticized by Israel.

See too

Taken hostages of the Olympic Games of Munich

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