Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson

Bjørnstjerne Martinus Bjørnson (born on December 8th, 1832 with Kvikne, county ( fylke ) of the Hedmark - died on April 26th, 1910 with Paris) is a Norwegian writer.

He was presented like one of the four great writers of the history of the Norwegian literature with Henrik Ibsen, Jonas Lie and Alexander Kielland by the publisher Gyldendal. He wrote the words of the national anthem of Norway. He accepted the Nobel Prize of literature in 1903.

Bjørnson was born the December 8th 1832 with the farm from Bjørgen with Kvikne, a small village daasn the district of Østerdalen, about 100 km in the south of Trondheim. it is the fisl of Pasteur de Kvikne, who is named in 1837 Pasteur with Nesset, not far from Molde with the Romsdal and Bjørnson passed its youth in district to the scenic landscapes. After a few years of studies to Molde, Bjørnson goes to 17 years to Oslo to prepare at the university. He wrote as of the 11 years age, he feels a vocation of writer and he is registered at the University of Oslo in 1852 for a training of journalist louse the critic art specialism dramatic. At twenty-five years, in 1857, he is director of the theater of Bergen. He deals with policy, but he did not make a success of his political career as he discounted it.

The first works

In 1857 it publishes Synnøve Solbakken , its first country novel, others will follow: 1858: Arne ; 1860: In glad Gut (a happy boy); 1868: Fiskerjænten (the girl poissarde), to name only its most important novels peasant, which made great impression in its own country and everywhere in the world. Arne and Synnøve Solbakken , belongs to the more good examples of the pure country novel of the world literature.

Bjørnson tested " to create a news saga on the basis of the paysan" commm it said, and it thought that should be carried out step seulemen in prosa of fiction, but also in national drama or folke-stykker . The first drama of this kind was the drama in an act located at XIIe century, Mellem Slagene ( Between the battles ) written in] and produced in scene in 1857, then Halt-Hulda (1858), Kong Sverre (King Sverre) (1861) > But this is still exceeded by the marvellous trilogy Sigurd Slembe (Sigurd the Bad), published in 1862, which raised it with the row of the best young people European poets.

The ripe author

In 1857, Bjørnson becomes for two years director of the theater of Bergen. Of 1860 with 1863 it travels much through Europe. In 1865 it organizes the Christiania theater and produces its popular comedy De Nygifte (the new bride) and its dram on Marie Stuart. Bjørnson introduced into its novels and plays of the songs of a rare beauty, but it forever written many poems. In 1870 it publishes its Poems and songs as well as the cycle epic Arnljot Gelline ; this last contains the superb ode Bergliot , its major contribution to lyric poetry.

Between 1864 and 1874, in the middle of its life, Bjørnson lost part of its intellectual force to its political occupations and its work of manager of theater. It was also the period of propaganda and radical agitation, which abouttisent in 1871 with a series of demagogic readings over the length and the width of the Scandinavian countries.

From 1874 with 1876 Bjørnson absent from Norway and during this voluntary exile it finds its imaginative forces. It takes again the writing with In fallit (One faillissement) and Redaktøren (the Editor) in 1874, social dramas modern and realistic.

The " poet national"

Bjørnson settles then with Aulestad in the Gausdal and it publishes in 1877 the novel Magnhild , of less quality, in which its ideas on the social question are in the process of transformation; and it expresses republican feelings in the part polemizes Kongen (the King); he explains his position in a test on " Freedom intellectuelle". In 1878, it publishes Kaptejn Mansana (Capitain Mansana) on the war of independence Italian.

The drama of social life 'Leonarda (1879) causes a violating controversy. A few weeks later it produces the satyric part Det nye System (the new system). These parts were largely discussed, without however liking.

He writes then the social drama In Handske in 1883, but he does not find a director, except after modification. The same year, it publishes the mystical drama or symbolic system Over Ævne (Above the capacities) on the religious exaltation; this part is assembled in scene only in 1899 and is then a great success.

Political interests

The nationalist political opinions of Bjørnson were worth a charge of high treason to him, and it takes refuge until in 1882 in Germany. On its return in Norway, he considers that the access to the theater was not possible any more and he recovers to write novels: Det flager I Byen og paa Havnen , (Of the flags in the city and to the port, 1884), Paa Guds veje (On the way of God, 1889). In 1889 it publishes a comedy Geografi og Kærlighed (Geography and love), which is a success.

It still publishes short accounts of a character more or less didactic in 1894 and parts of théartre: Paul Lange og Tora Parsberg (1898), share two of Over Ævne , (1895), Laboremus (1901), På Storhove (In Storhove) (1902), and Daglannet (the farm of Dag) (1904).

Last years

Bjørnson was at the beginning of the business Dreyfus the defender of Alfred Dreyfus by proclaiming on several occasions its faith in its innocence.

Bjørnson one of the first members of is comitée of the Nobel Prize and he is re-elected in 1900. In 1903, it is itself the prize winner of the Nobel Prize of the Literature.

Bjørnson which was activist for the Norwegian national feeling, sermon in 1903 at the instant of the failure between Norway and Sweden the conciliation and moderation in Norvégiains.

In 1905, when independent Norway chooses the shape of its government, Bjørnson, formerly republican, calls for monarchy, so that the Norway remains with foot equal with the Danmark and the Sweden.

Bjørnson is deceased the April 26th 1910 with Paris, its place of stay of winter. Initially buried in France, it was reinterred in Norway.

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