Bischheim

Bischheim is a common French, located in the department of the the Low-Rhine and the area Alsace.

Geography

With nearly 17000 inhabitants, Bischheim is the 7th commune of the department the Low-Rhine and 10th of Alsace. It belongs to the agglomeration of Strasbourg (410 000 inhabitants in its French part), of which it constitutes with other communes, like Schiltigheim, the suburbs north. Located at the end Is loess terrace of the Kochersberg, which is stretched soft inclined of a Molsheim-Saverne line towards the valley of the Rhine, Bischheim is bordered in the east by the Ill and is crossed by the channel of the Marne in the Rhine. The coordinates are 7°45' 10" Is in longitude and of 48°36' 52" North in latitude.

Altitude varies between 132m and 150m and is on average of 140m. The communal round of applause extends on a surface from 4,4 km ² of which nearly two thirds are urbanized. The density rises with 3801 inhabitants with the square kilometer. 35% of its habitat consist of social housing. The income is of 7459€ per capita in 2004.

The communal round of applause consists of two noncontiguous parts. The first in south-west is the residential area and inhabited extending from the marshalling yard of Hausbergen in the west until Ill in the east. The second part in the North-East includes/understands an industrial park, natural spaces (forests, fields, water level) and shelters the castle of England. The communes bordering are Strasbourg, Schiltigheim, Niederhausbergen, Hoenheim and Wantzenau.

History

The presence of the man on the site of Bischheim would be old. Indeed, of the remains of pottery going back to the Neolithic period (4000 with 2000 av. JC) was found. Later, of the dwellings followed one another on the current site of the Protestant church (the culminating point of the old village), such that attest it objects found and going back to the Bronze Age (1800 - 800 av. JC), at the periods Celtic, Roman, alamanes and franques.

After its victory with Tolbiac in 496, Clovis was baptized by holy Remi, bishop of Rheims, which accepted then, in pledges of its affection, two villages of Wasgau, current Bischheim and Bischoffsheim. This episode gave place to the first written mention of the village (will of Rémy saint of 530). About the year 1100, the village was attached to évêché of Strasbourg, then sold into 1411 in Boecklin de Boecklinsau, a family of oldest, nobler and more powerful of the feudal Alsace. They were the lords of Bischheim until 1790.

At the time of the Reform, Boecklin adhered to it. The inhabitants of Bischheim remained however resolutely catholic, which was worth the honor to them to accommodate Charles Quint. September 19th, 1552, the emperor visited Strasbourg, which had embraced the Reform, and not “ to spend the night in this community of heretics ” slept in the burgomaster of Bischheim. The commune was finally converted with Protestantism in 1555 under the terms of the principle such prince, such religion ( Cujus regio, ejus religio ) resulting from the peace of Augsburg.

The Guerre Thirty Year old brought its procession of disasters hours to the commune. In 1621, the Count Peter Ernst von Mansfield arrived to Alsace with his army. Protesting, he claimed to want to support the latter, but the exactions of its mercenaries were worth to him the distrust of the Protestants of Strasbourg. It fell down then with brutality on the protesting village of Bischheim. The Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 put an end to the hostilities. Alsace was attached to France. Such was not the case of Strasbourg and Bischheim, property of the bishop, Prince of the Germanic Roman Holy roman Empire. The annexation in France intervened in 1681 after the capitulation of Strasbourg vis-a-vis the armies of Louvois. Louis XIV, destroyer of the Reform, will make very to give again with Catholicism its importance. The church of Bischheim reopened its doors with the Roman religion in 1692. Then open a period of coexistence tended between two Christian mobilities.

In 1636, appears, in addition, the first written mention of a Jewish community with Bischheim, which was a long time one of most important basic Alsace. Its presence could however go back to second half of the 14th century. The pogrom of 1349 and prohibition to establish residence there were probably the causes of the folds of the Jews of Strasbourg towards Bischheim. 18th with first half of the 19th century, the community strongly developed sheltering a synagog, a cemetery and a rabbinical school. In 1836, the community represented nearly one the third of the population with 826 members. At the end of the 19th century, the importance of the community declined. The day before the Second world war, it did not count any more that 149 members of which 27 were victims of Shoah. The community reconstituted itself however after the war, in particular with the installation of Jewish families of North Africa after 1962. A new synagog was inaugurated in 1959. In 1664, a census of the communal round of applause was undertaken by Wolfgang Jacques Boecklin de Boecklinsau. One then counted there 86 houses divided into eight streets out of 6 ha. The population was then of approximately 400 inhabitants.

Wisse Ressel is an evocative name for Bischheimois: inn, crossroads but also meeting place. It is located at the intersection of two structuring axes of the city: the North-South axis formed by the road of Bischwiller and the East-West axis formed by the avenue of Périgueux and the street of the Leclerc General. Its name comes however from an inn éponyme probably established about 1730. During two centuries, this place constituted the social and convivial heart of Bischheim. The inn left place, in 1968, with a modern complex sheltering of the residences and the village hall of the White Horse.

At the time of the rout of Napoleon Bonaparte, Bischheim undergoes the presence of the cossacks and the kalmouks come to besiege Strasbourg in January 1814. In June of the following year, ten days after the defeat of Waterloo, the Rapp General vainly carried out a battle against the coalition carried out by Austria between Souffelweyersheim and Hoenheim.

Coincidence? 1852 were the year of the inauguration of two new ways of communication passing by Bischheim. The first is the channel of the Marne in the Rhine, connecting on 315 km Vitry-le-François in Strasbourg. Of an initial depth of 1,60 m, its depression was increased to 3,20 m into 1970 of kind to allow the passage of barges of even 350 T in period of low water level. The second is the railway line Paris-Strasbourg. The inaugural train of July 18th will be a harbinger of the deep transformation into large working city which will know with the passing of years the rural small village.

In 1870, at the time of the head office and the bombardment of Strasbourg, the Prussian artillery settled in Hausbergen, Schiltigheim and Bischheim. The response of French artillery showed about thirty damaged houses and its procession of victims. The Traité of Frankfurt of 1871 annexed Alsace and the Moselle in Prussia. It is an iron hand which took the destiny of the area, but a hand progressist. During the period which followed, Bischheim knew a significant modernization in all the fields: construction of infrastructures (railway station, post office, tram, schools…), improvement of the habitat (running water, cleansing, electricity, gas for domestic use…), medical progress (vaccinations, school medicine…).

The development of the railway network and the increase in machine stock required to delocalize the rotunda of Cronenbourg. It is Bischheim which was selected to accommodate, in 1879, the new repair shops of the railroad. In a context of poverty, the workshops constituted an economic miracle and a social wonder for the commune and its inhabitants. The workmen profited from many advantages (decent wages and work hours, health insurance, retirement pensions, paid vacations, etc). At the beginning of the 20th century, the workshops occupied 1800 workmen. Any medal having its reverse, they caused difficulty, but progress also related on an abnormal population growth of the city (doubly of the population in 15 years) but also to the arrival of poor families in waiting of better following days. The workshops, renamed there is little Industrial plant of maintenance of the material of Bischheim , were the subject (and make still) of constant modernizations. Currently, they ensure the maintenance of the oars of TGV. Bischheim also accommodates, with the common neighbors, the marshalling yard of Hausbergen, inaugurated in 1906, and which extends on 100 ha.

After the invasion of Poland by the Nazi Germany in 1939, France issued the evacuation of 230.000 inhabitants of the area of Strasbourg. That concerned between 8 and 9000 Bischheimois which were accommodated in several villages of High-Vienna, leaving behind them a deserted city. During the period of occupation Nazi (1940-1945), the town of Bischheim was molten in Grossstadt Strassburg. During combat of release (November 1944) and the counter-offensive Nazi (January 1945), the common one was seriously bombarded.

The consecutive damage with the war, but also a strong expansion of the population, which increased of more than 30% between 1954 and 1975, was at the origin of the vast building sites of rebuilding in the Fifties then of construction during the two following decades.

A law of 1966 created the Urban community of Strasbourg and Bischheim integrated into it. The CUS currently counts 28 common members.

Heraldic

It is with holy Remi that the city owes its first weapons of sand with two gold sticks in saltire (i.e. two yellow sticks crossed on a black bottom).

At the end of the 19th century, under the influence of incipient socialism, the weapons considered to be too clerical, were replaced by a blazon azure with a lampassé money goat of mouths (i.e. a white goat with a red language on a blue bottom), derived from the weapons of Boecklin.

In the years 1980, the two symbols were juxtaposed and constitute since the blazon of the city.

At the end of 1991, was created the logo of the city. It is with the colors of Bischheim and represents in a stylized way the rails of railroad (workshops the SNCF are one of the florets of the economic activity of the city), whereas the flags which float with the wind are a symbol of dynamism and modernity.

Administration

|- | align=right| since 1983 || Andre Klein-Mosser || || Mayor - General adviser |- | align=right| of 1977 with 1983 || Claude Lutz || |- | align=right| of 1958 with 1977 || Charles Huck || |- | align=right| of 1947 with 1958 || Georges Rossdeutsch || |- | align=right| of 1945 with 1947 || Emile Haag || |- | colspan=" 4" align=" center" | Devenu a district of the " Large Strasburg" of 1940 with 1945, the office of mayor was removed |- | align=right| of 1936 with 1940 || Emile Haag || |- | align=right| of 1919 with 1935 || Charles Bock || |- | align=right| of 1912 with 1919 || Eugene Koch || |- | align=right| of 1897 with 1912 || Philippe Rueff || |- | align=right| of 1888 with 1897 || A. Schlagdenhaufen || |- | align=right| of 1870 with 1888 || Guillaume Riehl || |- | align=right| of 1867 with 1870 || Jean Adam Weber || |- | align=right| of 1852 with 1867 || Michel Pfrimmer || |- | align=right| of 1840 with 1852 || Georges Schaub || |}

Demography

Places and monuments

Jewish ritual Bath (miqvé): Miqvé de Bischheim, arranged in the old residence of Boecklin de Boecklinsau, is recognized like artistic and exceptional. This bath was intended for ritual ablutions by immersion of the Jewish women, considered as impure at the time of their menstruations. The pious men also go to miqvé the days before chabbats and feastdays. In the Jewish tradition, the construction of a " Miqvé" passes before that of a synagog. Dug in the alluvial ground, the basin, whose flagstone is with more 8,50m below the level of the ground, levelled the Ground water. Still today, by abundant rains and periods of high waters, one can meet a limpid water there. The underground room measures approximately 4m top between the bottom of the basin and the barrel vault. The spiral staircase, of style rebirth, comprises 48 steps adding up a height of 7,5 Mr. It is of helicoid type. It can be dated from the last quarter of the 16th century. With middle height is another room of approximately 7 m ² having been used as cloakroom.

Protestant Church Our-Lord Jesus-Christ : The primitive church dates Des. It remains about it only the tower, of Gothic style late, located on the southern side of the nave. A crucifixion, hammered with the Terror, was reproduced on the relief of the tympanum. This church considered to be decayed and exiguous was destroyed little before the Revolution and was rebuilt according to the plans of Nicolas-Alexandre Salins called of Monfort in 1787-1788. It is about one of the rare neo-classic demonstrations in the religious architecture in Alsace. The current building is of a great simplicity and reserve its effects with the Western frontage. Inside, one can observe canopies recalling the life of the church, including the Reform. In 1793, the organ carried out by André Silbermann in 1715 for the Saint-Etienne church of Strasbourg is installed there.

Castle and gardens of the Court of England : This place holds its name of the owner of the field in 1627, English Robert Koenigsmann. On the initiative of Jean DE DIETRICH, become owner of the places, the residence will be deeply altered by the architect Michel Guth in 1751-52. The building, located in a loop of the Ill, is articulated out of horseshoe on two levels. The main entrance is located on the Western side wing. A garden with the Frenchwoman extends on the southern part from the building.

Church the St. Lawrence : The building is built in 1909-10 in a neo-gothic style. The church shelters baptismal font sandstone dating from the end of the 15th century, probably coming from the Gothic church primitive of the village. The circular organ of form was carried out in 1933 by the factor schillickois Roethinger . The fitting of the dresser corresponds to a decorative concern. The instrument is equipped with four keyboards and fifty plays.

the Castle of Hochberg : Located not at Bischheim but at Wingen-on-Moder, the castle of Hochberg belongs to association “the Friends of the Saint Laurent Childhood” which signed an emphyteutic lease with the town of Bischheim in 1989. The castle has subbit consequently work of rehabilitation and always accommodates the children bischheimois who benefit from the activities suggested in the the Vosges of North.

Driving prototype of the TGV 001 : To mark the bond of the city with the railway adventure, but also to point out the activity of maintenance of the oars of TGV; the City became purchaser of one of the two motor coaches of the oar-prototype 001 of the TGV.

Personalities related to the commune

Emile Waldteufel : Thanks to Levy Brace, Bischheim can be enorgueillir to be the cradle of the French waltz. It settled in Bischheim at the end of the 18th century family. Itinerant violonist, it was more known under the name of Waldteufel. The most famous member of this family of musicians is without Emile context, celebrates family of musicians, has his origins with Bischheim. the city accommodated in its walls the patriarch Moyse Levy, poor violonist. Among its descendants, most famous was Emile (1837-1915), director of the music at the court of Napoleon III and type-setter adoubé under the Second Empire.

Stag-Berr or Hirsch-Baer: General syndic of the Jewish nation in Alsace at the end of the 18th century, it intervened to improve the economic condition, social and policy of his co-religionists. He establishes a high school of rabbinical studies in Bischheim (Yeshiva).

David Sintzheim : Brother-in-law of Stag-Berr, he was rabbi of Bischheim and director of Yeshiva (see above). In 1807, it was named president of Large Sanhédrin de France created by Napoleon then in 1808, president of the central consistory of Paris and that of the Low-Rhine. The synagog of Bischheim pays to him homage by the mention Cha' ave David (doors of David).

Paul Clémens (1876-1928): member-founder of the Alsatian Theater of Strasbourg and the author more played of his time.

Frederic Dirtied (1862-1950): musician, type-setter of military music and writer orpheonic.

Andre Klein-Mosser (born in 1941), Alsatian Politician, knight of the Legion of honor in 2006

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