Birds of the Macquarie Island

The birds of the Île Macquarie are represented, in a way not surprising for an isolated oceanic island, primarily by populations of birds of sea.

Description

The avifauna consist of 55 species of marine birds and 80 species of terrestrial birds whose good portion is endemic and in danger (30 species are registered on the red list of UICN. Thus the majority of the nicheuses species are Manchot S, Pétrel S and Albatros. However, the list of the birds of the island also includes/understands the accidental ones, including Passereau X, coming from New Zealand and of Australia.

Four species of penguins reproduce on Macquarie. Endemic the Gorfou de Schlegel has a population estimated at 850.000 individuals. The colony of 100.000 couples of represents the third world site for this bird. The Penguin papou and the jumping Gorfou also nest there. Formerly, the penguins, especially the Gorfou de Schlegel and the King penguin, were exploited for their grease, practices abandoned in 1919. The four nicheuses species of albatross all are threatened by the drifting nets when they feed off the island, that it is about most abundant, the fuliginous Albatros with clear back with 2.000 couples nicheurs, or of rarest, the Grand Albatross with less than 10 couples each year.

Several species of Pétrel S reproduce on Macquarie. However, they are strongly affected by the introduction of the black Rat, of the mouse domesticates, of the Wild rabbit and of the Chat domesticates. Thus the nicheuse population of small the blue Pétrel is regarded as in critical danger. The Weka ( Gallirallus australis ) was introduced by the fishermen of seals about the middle of the 19th century and its population was flourishing, adding another source of predation. The eradication of the cats and the wékas but also the starting of a checking routine of rabbits (causing a strong erosion) allows the nicheuses populations petrels to start to rectify itself. The long-term plan of éradiquer the rodents and the rabbits constitutes another measure favorable to these birds.

Kakariki de Macquarie, an endemic subspecies of the Kakariki to red face, died out towards 1880. The Rail of the Island Macquarie, an endemic subspecies of the Râle tiklin ( Gallirallus philippensis ) disappeared shortly after. These two extinctions probably result from the predation by the cats haret S.

  • Anatidae
  • Spheniscidae
  • Procellariidae
    • Checkerwork of the Cape, Daption capense - nichor
    • Fulmar the Antarctic, Fulmarus glacialoides - accidental
    • blue Petrel, Halobaena caerulea - nichor, in danger criticizes
    • Pétrel of Kerguelen, Lugensa brevirostris - accidental
    • giant Pétrel the Antarctic, Macronectes giganteus - nichor, in danger
    • giant Pétrel subantarctic, Macronectes halli - nichor, vulnerable
    • Prion de Belcher, Pachyptila belcheri - accidental
    • Prion of Desolation, Pachyptila desolata - nichor, vulnerable
    • Small Prion, Pachyptila turtur - nichor, in danger
    • Petrel of snows, Pagodroma nivea - accidental
    • common plunger Petrel, Pelecanoides urinatrix - nichor
    • Petrel with white chin, Procellaria aequinoctialis - accidental
    • gray Petrel, Procellaria cinerea - nichor, in danger
    • Petrel mackled, Pterodroma inexpectata - accidental
    • Petrel with white head, Pterodroma lessonii - nichor, vulnerable
    • black Petrel, Pterodroma will macroptera - accidental
    • silky Pétrel, Pterodroma weakened - possible nichor
    • Petit Puffin, Puffinus assimilis - accidental
    • fuliginous Puffin, Puffinus griseus - nichor
    • Puffin with nozzle hails, Puffinus tenuirostris - accidental
    • Pétrel the Antarctic, Thalassoica antarctica - accidental
  • Diomedeidae
    • timid Albatros, Diomedea cauta - accidental
    • Albatross with gray head, Diomedea chrysostoma - nichor, in danger
    • royal Albatross, Diomedea will epomophora - accidental
    • Grand Albatross or Albatros hurlor, Diomedea exulans - nichor, in danger criticizes
    • Albatros with black eyebrows, Diomedea melanophris - nichor, in danger
    • fuliginous Albatros with back sinks, Phoebetria fusca - accidental
    • fuliginous Albatros with clear back, Phoebetria palpebrata - nichor, vulnerable
  • Hydrobatidae
    • Océanite with gray tail, Garrodia nereis - possible nichor, in danger
    • Océanite of Wilson, Oceanites oceanicus - possible, vulnerable nichor
  • Phalacrocoracidae
    • Large Cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo - accidental
    • Cormorant of Macquarie, Phalacrocorax purpurascens - endemic, vulnerable species
  • southern Sulidae
    • Insane, Morus serrator - accidental
  • Ardeidae
  • Threskiornithidae
  • Accipitridae
    • Busard of Gould, Circus approximans - accidental
  • Rallidae
    • Foulque macroule, Fulica will atra - accidental
    • Weka, Gallirallus australis - introduced, extinguished
    • Râle of Macquarie, Gallirallus philippensis macquariensis - endemic, extinct subspecies
    • Marouette de Baillon, Porzana pusilla - accidental
  • Scolopacidae
  • Recurvirostridae
  • Charadriidae
    • Plover silver plated, Pluvialis squatarola - accidental
    • Plover soldier, Vanellus miles - accidental
  • Laridae
  • Psittacidae
    • Kakariki de Macquarie, Cyanoramphus erythrotis erythrotis - species or endemic, extinct subspecies
  • Apodidae
    • Trip hammer of Siberia, Apus pacificus - accidental
    • thorny Trip hammer, Hirundapus caudacutus - accidental
  • Fringillidae
  • Emberizidae
  • Hirundinidae
    • Swallow messenger, Hirundo neoxena - accidental
  • Zosteropidae
  • Muscicapidae
  • Sturnidae

References

  • Barrett, Geoff; Silcocks, Andrew; Barry, Simon; Cunningham, Ross; & Poulter, Rory (2003) The New Atlas off Australian Birds . Melbourne, Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union. ISBN 1-875122-09-5
  • Birding-Aus Mailing List Files
  • Christidis, Leslie; & Boles, Walter E. (1994) The Taxonomy and Species off Birds off Australia and its Territories . RAOU Monograph 2. RAOU, Melbourne. ISBN 1-875122-06-0
  • Garnett, Stephen T.; & Crowley, Gabriel Mr. (2000) The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2000 . Environment Australia: Canberra. ISBN 0-642-54683-5
  • Higgins, P.J. (ED). (1999) Handbook off Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 4: Parrots to Dollarbird . Oxford University Near, Melbourne. Going ISBN 0-19-553071-3
  • , S.; Higgins, P.J. ; & Davies, J.N. (Eds). (1994) Handbook off Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 2: Raptors to Lapwings . Oxford University Near, Melbourne. ISBN 0-19-553069-1
  • Todd F.S. & Genevese F. (2006) Birds & Mammals antarctic and of the islands of the Antarctic Ocean . Kameleo, Paris, 144 p.

See too

Sources

External bonds

  • Tasmanian Parks & Wildlife Service - Macquarie Island World Heritage Area

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