Biozat

Biozat is a common French, located in the department Allier and the area Auvergne.

Name

Origin of the name: of the Celt Bowl : swell or limits or of Latin Bellicum and the Gallo-Roman suffix - At of acum

field History

Prehistory and Antiquité

The men are installed on this territory dice the Bronze Age (- 1800 to -700), a light relief located at the north of the commune indicates a Gallic presence, characteristic of a oppidum. (Oppidum: strengthened place established on a height)

After the Roman conquest, the population is fixed at the site of the current borough. A milliary terminal planted under the reign of César, indicates the ten seventh mile starting from Clermont (capital of Arvernes).

Milliary terminal in the honor of the emperor Hadrian (120-121) - (the inheritance of the communes To combine it)

the Middle Ages

During the 10th century, three castles with mound control space. At the end of the 11th century the borough called Baizac, is next to Auvergne and Bourbonnais.

Castle with mound: the castle constitutes the material base of the capacity of the lord. It enables him to hold head with a possible attacker and in addition to offer on its subjects a space of refuge. The castle seigneurial of the 10th century. appeared itself as a tower out of wooden perched on a mound, rise artificial in 6 to 10 m in height with at the top a surface of a few tens of km ². The mound is surrounded by ditches. A low court is associated to him, surrounded it also of a ditch with a palisade on the slope formed by the ground extracted the ditch. This type of fortification is rather well represented in our area: in Biozat, one does not count less than three 3 mounds.

the church

The construction of the Romance church at the 11th century allows a certain development in periphery.

Capitals of the 12th century characteristics of the Romanesque art of the 12th century. They are devoted to the instruction of the faithful ones.

Apse of the 15th century.

Rule of Symphorien saint 16th century. He is owner of the parish. Its festival is celebrated on August 22nd (the employers' festival of Biozat is held around this date in reference to its patron saint)

Stained glass of the baptism of Christ: decorate the tympanum of an opening in semicircular arch. Come from the workshops of Clermont. In Biozat the tympanum is a stained glass in semicircular arch. (Tympanum: surface included/understood between a lintel and a profiled arc, above the door of a church)

modern Time

At the 15th century of new lords settle in Beaulieu and in Font Noble.

With died of Louis XI (dynasty of Valois) 1483 there remains only one minor son, which involves the regency of his/her Anne oldest daughter of France and her husband Pierre de Beaujeu (dynasty of the Bourbons). The regency runs out until 1492 following which the younger brother becomes Charles VIII until 1498.

16th century. - The Protestant crisis

In spite of the weak diffusion of Protestantism in Bourbonnais, is held only the great battle delivered in our area, that of Cognate-Lyonne (To combine) in 1568. She opposed a Protestant army coming from Drill with the army of the governor of Auvergne which wanted to bar the road to him but did not reach that point - Of this period an underground of the church of Cognate with Biozat would have been dug, place of refuge in the event of attack.

The league: The catholics with the dukes of Own way form the league, because Henry III 1574 - 1589 too reconciling with the Protestants is assassinated in 1588 by a catholic fanatic. Henry IV king of Protestant confession succeeds to him in 1589.

Under the kings Bourbons

Henri IV - Louis XIII - Louis XIV - Louis XV - Louis XVI

At 4 kilometers of Biozat the residence of a favorite of Louis XIII is located: " Five Mars" wire of the marquis d' Effiat. At the time of the Day of Dupes in 1624 " Five Mars" positions in favor of the reference of Richelieu. This standpoint will be worth to him to be decapitated in Lyon.

In 1665 take place the Great days of Auvergne: an extraordinary transfer of the Parliament in order to return justice. Several noble will be carried out in our area because of an abuse of power on the local populations.

the period revolutionist 1789 - 99

The lawyer Gaultier de Biauzat elected of the Third of Clermont had the idea to make print his correspondence which became the newspaper of the debates and the decrees of the constituent Assembly.

Contemporary Period

At the 19th century, the commune strongly develops thanks to the mechanization and with the construction of a school. The mixed-farming is then practiced on the extremely divided grounds.

Limagne: the corn was primarily the wheat output of 8 per 1, hemp, vine.

At the 20th century, the amendments and the continuation of mechanization make of Biozat the first cereal commune of the canton. The breeding occupies an important place there, 1st with regard to the poultry.

Near Biozat the town of Gannat is located on the way of the railway line Paris-Lyon-Marseilles

Administration

Demography

Places and monuments

Romance Church Saint-Symphorien of the 12th century.
Castle of Biozat, old convalescent home and dependences to the abandonment, partly ruined and plundered (2006-2007).

Personalities related to the commune

Sport

There exists a sporting club with Biozat, a club of table tennis: the Friendly layman of Biozat section table tennis. You can find his history, its topicality and its prize list on the site: site of ALBiozat

See too

Common To combine it

Sources

Town hall of Biozat: Site of the town hall for the images and especially the text
Basin of Gannat (image)

External bonds

Site of the town hall of Biozat
Site of the club of table tennis of Biozat
Biozat on the site of the national geographical Institute
Biozat on the site of INSEE
Biozat on the site of Quid
Localization of Biozat on a chart of France and communes bordering
Plane on Biozat on Mapquest

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