Biomécatronique

The biomecatronic is a science applied Interdisciplinaire associating the basic research in Biomécanique with the medical techniques and Robotique S, and having for objective to integrate elements Mécanique S in the human body.

This integration (which will often require techniques of Chirurgie implantatoire) takes place as much with an aim

of correcting it or of repairing it in the event of body weakening or not very effective: “orthotic” technique often associated with the repairing Surgery, and using established or external prostheses being able to be:

mechanical and is usually employed in orthopedic Chirurgie (repair of the Fracture S, Atèle S of lengthening of members,…), Cosmetic surgery (prostheses of center, prostheses péniennes), Orthodontics (dental prostheses) even also in Orthoptics (permanent lenses, technique forsaken with the profit of other surgical ophthalmologic techniques),
is electromechanical such in Cardiologie traditional the pacemakers artificial or in orthootie the hearing aids modern;

to replace a completely inoperative body completely: “prosthetic” technique which can replace temporarily or long-term the Clerc's Office of a true body, using established Prothèse S, being able to be:

either mechanics and passive such prostheses of hip or members in Orthopedy, or Cardiology the Aorta S artificial and other large artificial blood-vessels,
or electromechanics and active the such artificial Heart S, the kidney machines established, and programmable injectors of drugs or organic materials (for example like technique of treatment of the insulino-dependant diabetes);

that to improve the capacities of them (especially military uses for the moment, normally by orthotic techniques using established or external prostheses).

One can summarize the biomécatronique one as being the science of the “Cyborg S in the true life”.

One will note however that the techniques of prostheses are often palliative with the Clerc's Office of real bodies, in particular the prosthetic techniques which use electromechanical prostheses, because they are definitely more fragile than the purely mechanical, more complex to conceive and very expensive prostheses, and definitely less effective than the bodies than they replace (contrary to the purely mechanical prostheses whose effectiveness and robustness are shown and who are largely used for a very long time in repairing surgery); moreover, these prostheses pose serious problems related to the supply of the energy of food which the body does not provide naturally.

On the other hand, of serious today advanced lead to the development of external prostheses not requiring surgical and easily reparable or replaceable establishment, techniques normally associated with the functional Rééducation, for example:

artificial exosquelettes (for example for the treatment and the assistance the walk of the patients disease of the fragile bones reaches), more sophisticated and functional that old the spider monkeys (which in fact prevented the movements more);
the artificial muscles (for the assistance of the patients reached of Myopathie S functional calculuses, or of patients whose certain muscles essential to the movement were amputees and not completely replaced by autografts of muscles coming from other parts of the body);
the Robot S ordered by the muscles (especially in orthopedy, after even total Amputation partial of a member),

See too

Biomechanical: study of the mechanics of alive the
Robot-like
: cybernetic implant cochléaire
computational Neurosciences
: cervical implant (or neural)
: interface neuro-data processing (brain-computer)

External bonds

Laboratory of biomecatronic of MIT

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