Billy Crystal

This page relates to the year 1993 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

January 3rd: Signature by George Bush and Boris Eltsine of the agreements START 2.
January: With Paris (France), a convention is signed prohibiting the manufacture and the storage of the chemical weapons and envisaging the destruction of this one from here 1997. beginning 2002, 147 countries will have ratified it, not included/understood Arab Israel and several States.
March 22nd: First world Day of water .
July 1st: British suspension of the nuclear tests S, Soviet S and American.
October 15th: The Nobel Prize of peace is allotted to the South-Africans Frederik de Klerk and Nelson Mandela.

Europe

Eastern Europe

January 1st: Scission of the Czechoslovakian federation between Czech Republic and Slovakia.
February 25th: Algirdas Brazauskas, President of the republic in Lithuania.
April 8th: The Macedonia is allowed with UNO.
June: First legislative elections in Latvia.
July 8th: The new Latvian Parliament elects with the presidency of the republic Guntis Ulmanis, an economist.
August 31st: The last unit of the Russian army leaves the Lithuania.
September 19th: Electoral victory of the former Communists in Poland.

Dissolution of the Polish Diet. Simplification of the electoral representation, limited to the parties having obtained 5% of the voices. Victoire with the legislative elections of the left ex-Communist which profits from the popular discontent caused by the socio-economic cost with the reforms.

October 26th: Waldemar Pawlak, chief of the Polish country Party (PSL), Prime Minister in Poland (fine in 1995).
In October, adhesion of Georgia at the CEI.
the Poland makes an application to join with the European Union.

CEI

January 28th: first Constitution of the Kazakhstan.
May 14th: The CEI obtains an advisory committee of coordination charged to prepare the tops.
May: several concessions are made to the rebels of Transnistrie, in particular the presence of Russian forces in the east of the Moldavie until the area obtained a special political statute. This compromise is not enough for the leaders to Transnistrie who require that the Moldavian Parliament accept the rehabilitation of Moldavie in Russia.
April 25th: Referendum in Russia: 58% of the voters express their support for Boris Eltsine, which gains a resounding victory thus but remains empêtrée in the same power struggles.
September 1st: Boris Eltsine suspends his functions the vice-president Alexandre Routskoï, accused of corruption, decision to which the Parliament is opposed.
September 3rd: The Ukraine (Kravtchouk) gives up the nuclear armament.
September 21st: constitutional Crisis in Russia. Boris Eltsine publishes a decree of dissolution of the Supreme Soviet because of the obstruction of the preserving deputies to work of the constituent Assembly, convened after the referendum to work out a new constitution project. The Parliament considers contrary with the Constitution the decisions of the president and names Alexandre Routskoï in his place. A hundred deputies and several hundreds of partisans armed with at their head Rouslan Khasboulatov and A. Routskoï occupy the seat of the Parliament, the “White House”, and refused to disperse.
September 24th: The CEI obtains the Council of Ministers of the Foreign affairs.
September:

Ratification by the Azerbaïdjan of its adhesion at the CEI.
Treated nuclear non-proliferation. The Bielorussia is committed withdrawing all its nuclear weapons for 1996.

October 3rd: The political situation in Russia, which seemed completely blocked, develops: the attempt of the rebels to attack the town hall and the tower of the television of Ostankino makes it possible the government to counteract; the White House is bombarded by the forces loyal supporters which give then the attack, on October 4th.
October 4th: End of an attempt at Putsch in Russia, Boris victorious Eltsine. Routskoï and Khasboulatov are made prisoners and shown “of organization of disorder of mass”. More than 140 people are killed during the rebellion.
November 2nd: Ieltsine doctrines from “close abroad” authorizing the Russian army to intervene abroad.
December 12th: Referendum in Russia, favorable to the new Constitution which increases the capacities of the president. Triumph over the agrarian Communists and their allies (20% of the voices) and ultranationalists (23%) with the legislative elections. The reformers are in minority.
December 24th: The CEI obtains a State major for military coordination.
December 28th: Decree on the privatization of the grounds in Russia.

Western Europe

January 1st: Coming into effect of the Large single European market.
March 14th: Adoption by referendum of the first constitution of Andorra.
May 18th: Ratification by 56,6% of the Danish voters of the Treated of Maastricht modified.
In June, the Belgium joined the Eurocorps.
November 1st: Coming into effect of the Treated of Maastricht on the European Union.
October 13rd: Socialist government (PASOK) of Andréas Papandréou in Greece (end in 1996).

British Isles

John Major lance a return campaign “to the fundamental values” ( Back to Basics ) which turns short in front of a succession of scandals which causes in two years a score of resignations within the conservative party or the government.
John Smith engages a reform of the inner working of the workers party. The mode of nomination of the leader is modified in a direction more favorable to the deputies with the detriment of the trade unions and the individual vote of the delegates is founded in the Labor congresses.

January: Lower interest rates which fall to 6%. It makes it possible to relieve the sectors of the economy choked by the deflation of the previous years. The monetary relaxation starts again consumption, stimulates the investments and cause a drop in the unemployment which falls in June to the lower part from two million.
December: Declaration of British and Irish Downing Street engaging in a co-operation reinforced against terrorism.

France

Switzerland

Italy

January 15th: Arrest in Sicily of Louse Riina, one of the chiefs of the Maffia.
February:

the chemical empire Feruzzi-Montedison-Enimont crumbles. A “opinion of opening of investigation” is launched against its former owner, Raul Gardini.
Three ministers implied in corruption affairs are constrained to resign.

March 5th: Giuliano Amato request with the president Oscar Luigi Scalfaro to sign a project amnestying the politico-financial offenses. It encounters a refusal. A fourth minister must resign.
March 27th: Giulio Andreotti is the subject of legal information. Louse Riina and Tommaso Buscetta implies it seriously. Its parliamentary privilege is raised (May 15th, July 15th). Following two lawsuits rivers, he will be condemned to fifteen years of reclusion and perpetuity (April 1999).
April 18th: A referendum adopts the majority poll for the Senate with 82,7% of the votes cast.
July 23rd: Commit suicide of Raul Gardini.
April 18th: The municipal elections elect the mayors directly for the first time. The country is divided between the Ligue lombarde in north, the PDS in the center and alliance DC/Néo-fascists in the south. cd. passes from 15% to 8% votes. The MSI ( Alleanza Nazionale in 1994) exceeds with Rome and Naples the 30% behind Alessandra Mussolini.
April 22nd: Resignation of the government Giuliano Amato following a serious economic crisis (devaluation of the lira of 3,5%) and of a crisis judicaire which does nothing but start.
May 7th: The president of the Republic indicates as president of the council Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, former governor of the bank of Italy. Ciampi promises a reform program in particular comprising the adoption of the majority poll for the elections with the Room.
8 - May 10th: Travel of the pope in Sicily where he condemns the Mafia.
May 15th: Arrest of the number two of the Maffia, Benedetto Santapaola.
May - July: Five murder attempts take place with Florence, Milan and Rome, making five died and twenty wounded.
June 2nd: The godfather G. Pulvirenti is stopped.
July 20th: The former president of ENI, Gabriele Cagliari commits suicide in prison. His wife returns more than 6 billion liras illegal funds.
July 27th: Disappearance of the Italian Christian Democrat, undermined by the corruption and the conflicts of tendencies. It takes the name of pi (Italian Popular party).
July: Lowering of the discount rate of the Bank of Italy to 9% for the first time since 1976.
August 3rd: Law establishing the way of voting for the legislative ones. 75% of the deputies will be elected by the direct suffrage, 25% with the proportional one.
September: The Ferruzzi scandal implies Milanese judge Curto.
September - October: Operation anti-Maffia in many areas.
October 16th: Arrest of the person in charge Ligurian of the civil secret services (SISDE).
October 23rd: Revelations of Donatella di Rosa, implying the commander of the fast Force of action, the Monticone general, who is suspended.
October: Purge military intelligence service (SISMI).
November 22nd: Resignation of the chief of staff of the armies the Canino general. The government decides a reform of the secret services. Arrest of the former owner of the SISDE, Malpicca, for embezzlement.
December 19th: Attempted murder against the prosecutor of Palermo Gian Carlo Caselli.
December:

During the lawsuit Cusani, the Republican party (Giorgio Malfa), PSI (Martelli, Bettino Craxi), the Liberal party (Altissimo), the social democrat Left and cd. are blamed for corruption.
Privatization of the Credito Italiano and Gabled Nuovo .

11,7% of the credits to unemployment. 4,2% of inflation. The foreign trade increases by 5,4%.

Africa

January: Plunderings with the Zaire.
January - April: National conference with the Chad: introduction of a mode of transition towards the multi-party system.
May 24th: Independence of the Érythrée after referendum.
March 27th:

Mahamane Ousmane, elected president of the Niger.
Albert Zafy, elected president of the Republic of Madagascar.

May: Hassan Gouled Aptidon is confirmed like chair Djibouti.
June 14th: Introduction of the multi-party system to the Malawi.
June - October: American intervention in Somalia, then in full civil war and where the population suffers from famine. Died of 19 American soldiers and approximately 2000 Somali.
July 10th: Nickel silver Ndadaye, president of the Burundi.
July: Violences around democratization with Brazzaville.
September 19th: Angel-Felix Patassé gains the second round of the presidential election in Central Africa, with more than 52% of the voices.
September: Sending of 300 Blue helmets to the Liberia.
October 21st: Assassination of the president Burundian Nickel silver Ndadaye followed by a true genocide of more than 100 000 tutsis in less than one month. It is the beginning of the civil war.
November 5th: Creation of the Common Market of Eastern and southern Africa (COMESA) by fourteen countries.
November 17th: Coup d'etat of the general Sani Abacha with the Nigeria.
December 7th: Died of the president of the Ivory Coast Felix Houphouët-Boigny. Henri Konan Bédié, president of the Ivory Coast.
December: Lansana Conté is confirmed like chair Guinea by the first democratic elections.

Political agitation, social disturbances and conflicts violent one with the Cameroun, in Ivory Coast and with the Benign .
Creation of the “Mechanism of OAU for the prevention, the management and the payment of the conflicts”.
Senegal: The abbot Augustin Diamacoune Senghor request with the freedom fighters casamançais to deposit the weapons.

The Middle East & Arab world

January: The Iraq protests against the zone of air exclusion created in the south of the country. The United States answers by strike air.
April: The occupied territories are buckled by Israel in front of the recrudescence of violences.
July 2nd: Died of 37 people in the case of arson of the Madımak hotel to Sivas in Turkey.

9 - September 13rd: Agreement of Washington on the autonomy of the occupied territories by Israel in Palestine, concretization of the secret negotiations led to Oslo since the beginning of the year. Israelis and Palestinians recognize themselves mutually (see Accords of Oslo).

After secret long negotiations led to Oslo (August 20th), a bilateral agreement is signed in Washington (September 13rd) between Rabin, Peres and Arafat, the “Statement of principles on temporary arrangements of self-government”. It envisages the Palestinian autonomy of the Gaza Strip and Jericho. An intermediate authority will treat all that relates to the taxes, health, education, terrorism, the police force. By stage, Israel is committed transferring to this self government the remainder from the territory located on Western bank from the the Jordan populated Palestinians. Several questions remain outstanding: the statute of the Jewish colonies in the occupied territories, sovereignty on Jerusalem-Is, the return of the Palestinian refugees or their compensation. The agreement thaws out the situation in the Middle East: the Jordan sign a peace treaty with Israel, the Arab boycott is against the Western companies which trade with Israel, the diplomatic relations are taken again with many countries.
After the Agreements of Oslo, the attacks of the Hamas multiply against the Israeli colonists, who are caught some in return to the Arab population.

October: Mubarak is re-elected president of the Republic of the Egypt with 96,28% of the voices. In front of the social unrest, it slows down the economic reforms, privatizations and the policies of reduction in the subsidies of the basic commodities.
December 30th: Mutual recognition of the the Vatican and Israel.

The Caucasus

June 7th: Eltchibey, president of the Azerbaïdjan is relieved and replaced temporarily by the former Soviet leader Gueïdar Aliev, chief of the Communist party. The dismissal of Eltchibey is accepted by referendum the October 3rd and Aliev is elected president with 98,8% of the votes at the time of an uncontested poll.

Georgia: the Abkhazian violent one the agreement of cease-fire and expel the militia géorgienne, like approximately 200 000 residents géorgiens in October. The same month, the government géorgien becomes member of CEI in order to gain the support of the Russian army.

Offensive Armenian with the Haut-Karabagh. Occupation of the Western part of Azerbaïdjan separating the Arménie from Haut-Karabagh. Displacement of hundreds of thousands of refugees and departure of the whole of the Azeri of Arménie.

Asia & India

January: Visit of the Russian president Boris Eltsine with New Delhi where it signs a bilateral feature of friendship with the India.
January 4th: Intercommunity riots between Hindus and Moslems in India: 300 people are killed with Bombay.
Mars: A series of attacks allotted to the Maffia Moslem woman makes 300 dead with Bombay.
In May, the Chinese authorities harden their policy Tibetan by a set of measures which included suppression of the freedom of thought, a strict monitoring of the population, the control of the religious activities, and the installation of Chinese colonists of Han origin. In August, of the talks take place between the Chinese authorities and the representatives of the Dalaï LAMA, but the status quo remains.
June 6th: First direct presidential election in Mongolia. Demolished Mongolian revolutionary Popular party which had proposed like candidate a pure and hard ideologist against outgoing the Punsalmaagiyn Ochirbat, supported of this fact by the democratic opposition. The political tensions prevent the government from taking measures against the economic crisis. Serious doubt on the conversion of the Communists is done day when the party, rehabilitates Yumjagiyn Tsedenbal, the “Brejnev Mongolian”, on a purely posthumous basis and develops a new founded national ideology on maintains of an important official sector and on the multiplication of the obstacles to the rise of the private companies.
June 17th, Afghanistan: Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, leader of the Hizb-i Islami (Pachtounes and islamist), becomes Prime Minister. In September, the leaders of the factions of the guerilla before approve a provisional constitution the elections of 1994.
July 12th: A Tsunami caused by a seism of 7,8 degrees on the scale of Richter kills approximately 200 people on the island of Okushiri, off the Western coasts of Hokkaido Japan.
July 15th: First meeting between the Nepalese Minister for the Interior Sher Bahadur Deuba and its counterpart Bhutanese Dago Tshring on the question of the refugees, which worries the two governments.
July 18th: The open political crisis in April by the dismissal of the Prime Minister Pakistan board Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif by the president Ghulam Ishaq Khan, returned acuter by the decision of the supreme court to restore in May the Sharif government, is solved by the joint resignation of the two men.
July, India: Violent one seism in the Maharashtra causing the death of approximately: 30000 people.
In October, Benazir Bhutto finds its post of First Pakistani minister, following his victory with the elections.
December:

the CIA declares that the North-Koreans undoubtedly manufactured at least a nuclear weapon.
the Kazakhstan ratifies the nuclear treaty of non-proliferation.

Southeast Asia

May 23rd, Kampuchea: victory of the royalist opposition (near to Sihanouk) to the elections. The government of Hun Sen threat to cancel the elections. Norodom Sihanouk, which is not officially candidate, intervenes to create a government coalition. After several attempts, he arrives to an agreement, in June, which lead to the creation of a government of national union, whose capacity is shared between the partisans of its son, the prince Norodom Ranariddh, and those of Hun Sen.

the new National Assembly resulting from the elections approves the new Constitution, which devotes the return to the capacity of Sihanouk as king of Kampuchea, crowned the September 24th. The return of king Sihanouk revives at the people of the hopes of peace and a better life. After the ratification of the new Constitution, it appoints Prime Minister the crown prince, Norodom Ranariddh, and Hun Sen becomes the Deputy Prime Minister, thus respecting the compromise authorized in June.

Abolition of legal immunity for the hereditary sovereigns in Malaysia.
Indonesia: Suharto slackening its influence on the press and the opposition parties with the beginning of the year ninety. Many inhabitants express to obtain a greater democracy and a change of leader. Clashes occur then between the armed forces and the protestors. Suharto is the only candidate to be presented to the presidential election of 1993. Although it has with its credit the considerable economic growth of Indonesia and the maintenance of the union of this country to the multiple ethnos groups, Suharto is shown of authoritarianism, non-observance of the human rights and nepotism.
With the end of the Cold war, the bonds distends between the Vietnam, the ex-USSR and its satellites. The assistance declines considerably. The workers expatriates must return (82 on their premises; 000 in the USSR, 59 000 in GDR, 37 000 in Czechoslovakia). Vietnam has other solutions to only open with her neighbors and the West. The United States raises their veto on the loans of the the IMF to Vietnam.
Filipino: Eruption of the volcano Pinatubo.

Americas

North America

June 25th: Kim Campbell becomes the 19th Prime Minister for the Canada and the first woman to hold this title.
November 4th: Jean Chrétien becomes Prime Minister of Canada. The Liberal party of Canada gains the elections, demolishing the Parti progressist-conservative Canada which is tiny room to 2 seats.
November 17th: Agreement of free trade: ALENA between the the United States, the Canada and the Mexico.

The United States

January 20th: Beginning of the democratic presidency of Bill Clinton with the the United States.
February 11th: Nomination of the first woman (Janet reno) at the station of Attorney General , by the president Bill Clinton.
February 26th: An attack with the explosive with the World Trade Center of New York makes six dead and a thousand of casualties.
March 12th: Tension between the United States and North Korea on the problem of nuclear installations.
April 4th: First Ieltsine-Clinton meeting with Vancouver, Canada.
April 19th: Sit of Waco (Texas). Collective suicide of several tens of members of the sect of extreme right-hand side of the “ Branch Davidians ” during the attack of the FBI, making 86 died, of which women and children.
May 19th: Travelgate : reference of the persons in charge of the travel agency of the White House.
July 14th: Abandonment by Bill Clinton of the program IDS.
August: Budgetary law reducing the deficit by 500 million dollars over five years.
September 13rd: Agreements of Oslo signed in Washington.
September: Law on the national service. Young American can finance their studies by achieving a few years with the service of the community.
November 30th: Law Brady on the control of the firearms.
December 14th: Agreements difficult between the the United States and the European Union within the framework of GATT, in particular on the subject of the cultural productions.

Law on the family leave.
Law on the automatic inscription on the electoral rolls.
commercial Clashes with the Japan.
Renewal of the clause of the most favoured nation for the China.
Renouncement of the project “ top spin and strike ” for the Bosnia-Herzégovine.
Under the first mandate of Clinton, approximately 9,5 million Nets employment is created, that is to say a growth rate annual of 1,9%, for an increase in 1,2% of the active population.
the family Walton, with an inheritance of 23,5 billion dollars (mainly 38% of the actions of the chain of supermarkets Wal-Mart Blinds , has the second world fortune after that of the sultan of Brunei.

Latin America

May 19th, Brazil: The president Itamar Franco names a new Minister for the economy, Fernando Henrique Cardoso which chooses to start again the growth with the profit of the farmers and the poorest layers, by accelerating privatizations and while fighting against tax avoidance. But the contractors remain not very optimistic, which limits credibility available to the government to stop inflation definitively.
May 31st: The president of the Guatemala Jorge Serrano is relieved under the pressure of the military army.
June 6th: Ramiro de León Carpio, president of Guatemala.

Taken again flows of capital deprived towards the Latin America.
Protocole enters the members of the Common Market center-American, preaching the free movement of the workers and the capital and the monetary union following a “progressive and flexible” process. Fault of supports popular, of the concrete measures are long in being implemented.
the Mexican government privatisé 80% of its industries cause a drop in the inflation of 150% to 10%. No effective measure can reduce the foreign debt of the country.

Oceania & the Pacific

Native Title Act , law on the land titles autochtones, which recognizes the Aborigènes of Australia like the first occupants of the Australian ground and invalid for the Australia the statute of Terra nullius issued by Europeans at the beginning of the 19th century.
the raids of the New Guinea-News-Guinea in the the Solomon Islands to destroy the ways of provisioning of the secessionists of Bougainville, involve protests of the government of the Solomon Islands, and confrontations between the boat-patrols papous and those of the Solomon Islands.

Arts & culture

See also: 1993 with the cinema, 1993 in music, 1993 in literature, 1993 with the theater, 1993 as a cartoon, 1993 on television

February 22nd: diffusion of the episode controls series Babylon 5 .
April 11th: With Seville (Spain), alternate of Handbook Díaz González known as “El Cordobés”, Spanish Matador.
March 15th: Announces NCSA Mosaic, the Navigateur Web which launches the popularization of Internet.
September 11th: With Murcie (Spain), alternate of Jose Liria Fernández known as “Pepín Liria”, Spanish Matador.
the piano lesson of Jane Campion and “ Adieu my concubine ” of Chen Kaige gain the Palme of gold to the Cannes festival.
the List of Schindler of Steven Spielberg gains the Oscar of the best film.
Put in scene of died of Superman by Doomsday, in cd. Comics.
Creation of the play Magic: the assembly .
Recording with New York of the MTV Unplugged the November 18th by the group Grunge Nirvana

Sciences & technology

Sport

Nobel Prize

Nobel Prize of physics: Russell Alan Hulse and Joseph Hooton Taylor
Nobel Prize of chemistry: Kary B. Mullis and Michael Smith
Nobel Prize of physiology or medicine: Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp
Nobel Prize of literature: Toni Morrison
Nobel Prize of peace: Nelson Mandela and Frederik Willem de Klerk

Births in 1993

September 1st: Ilona Mitrecey, French singer
June 25th: Barney Clark, British actor

Death in 1993

First quarter

January 5th: Juan Simpleton, Spanish writer
January 6th: Dizzy Gillespie, trompetist of jazz
January 6th: Rudolf Noureev, ballet dancer
January 13rd: Rene Pleven, French politician
January 20th: Audrey Hepburn, American actress (° May 4th 1929).
January 21st: Charlie Gehringer, American baseballor
January 22nd: Helno, Singer of the Green Negresses, dies of a Overdose
February 6th: Arthur Ashe, American tennis player
February 11th: Joy Garrett, actress
February 20th: Ferrucio Lamborghini, car manufacturer
February 21st: Jean Lecanuet, French politician
February 24th: Bobby Moore, English footballer
February 25th: Eddie Constantine, French actor of American origin
February 27th: Lillian Gish, actress
February 28th: Ruby Keeler, singer and actress
March 5th: Cyril Collard, realizer, actor, type-setter, scenario writer
March 17th: Helen Beam, actress
March 31st: Torch Lee, actor

Second quarters

April 1st: Andree Brunin, French poet
April 5th: Hédi Nouira, politician Tunisia N (° April 5th 1911).
May 1st: Pierre Bérégovoy, politician, old French Prime Minister
May 8th: Avram Davidson, author of science fiction
May 22nd: Mieczysław Horszowski, pianist Polish naturalized American (° June 23rd 1892)
June 4th: Andre Girard, resistant French
June 5th: Conway Twitty, American singer of rock'n'roll and Country (° September 1st 1993
June 7th: Drazen Petrovic, Croatian player of basketball
June 8th: Rene Bousquet, (assassinated) old under general secretary of the police force of Vichy
June 9th: Alexis Smith, actress
June 13rd: Donald Kent Slayton, American astronaut (° March 1st 1924)
June 19th:

William Golding, British writer
Jean Cau, French writer and journalist, Price Goncourt in 1961.

June 30th: George McFarland, actor

Third quarters

July 2nd: Fred Gwynne, actor
July 9th: Will Rogers Jr., actor
July 14th: Léo Shoed, musician, poet, singer French (° August 28th 1916)
July 31st: Baudouin {{Ier}} of Belgium
: Alfred Manessier, French painter
August 16th: Stewart Granger, American actor
September 12th: Raymond Burr, actor
September 13rd: Frederick Campion Steward, British botanist
September 21st: Ian Stuart Donaldson, singer and creator of the group Skrewdriver
September 22nd: Maurice Abravanel, leader

Fourth quarters

October 5th: Karl G. Henize, American astronaut (° October 17th 1926)
October 10th: John Bindon, actor
October 21st: Nickel silver Ndadaye, president of the Burundi (° March 28th 1953)
October 25th: Vincent Price, actor
October 31st: Federico Fellini, realizer
October 31st: To rivet Phoenix, actor
November 15th: Fritz Feld, actor
November 16th: Achilles Zavatta, clown
November 25th: Anthony Burgess, author
December 2nd: Pablo Escobar, baron of Colombian drug
December 4th: Adrien Legros, singer of opera.
December 4th: Frank Zappa, type-setter
December 6th: Gift Ameche, actor
December 7th: Felix Houphouët-Boigny, first president of the Republic of Ivory Coast
December 14th: Myrna Loy, actress
December 18th: Sam Wanamaker, actor and realizer
December 22nd: Marion Burns, American actress. (° August 9th 1907)
December 28th: William L. Shirer, American journalist
December 31st: Zviad Gamsakhurdia, scientist and first president of the Georgia
December 31st: Oksana Kostina, gymnaste Russian

Beats-smg: 1993 Be-X-old: 1993 Map-bms: 1993 Simple: 1993 Zh-min-nan: 1993 nor Zh-yue: 1993 年

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