Bild

Bild or Bild-Zeitung (respectively Image and Newspaper Image ) is a German daily newspaper among the most criticized, but also that which with the strongest diffusion of Western Europe. This “newspaper of boulevard” is published since the June 24th 1952 by the press group Axel Springer Verlag. Of share its contents, it is connected with the press Tabloïd and the Presse people.

History

First edition

The first éditon of Bild appeared on June 24th, 1952 with a pulling of 250.000 specimens. The model of Axel Springer was the tabloïd English Daily Mirror. The first edition comprised 4 pages and was distributed free, the following ones cost 10 Pfennig. The first leading article said " the border with Helmstedt (between GDR and the FRG) is protected! ". Bild proposed especially images, horoscopes and some known jokes of the time. The articles were composed sometimes only of one photograph with a legend - from where the name of Bild (" image" in German). The bottom and the form were still far from what is Bild today. The goal of Axel Spinger was to create a newspaper for all and rapid with reading. The newspaper was called initially " 10-Pfennig-Bild-Zeitung ". It was sold in the streets by people carrying of large impermeable white and of the surlesquelles caps the name of the newspaper was written.

The adaptation to the market under editor association Rudolf Michael

Whereas Rudolf Michael was editor association, Bild contained less images and more text; the catch of sight and the cuffs striking were introduced. The contents of Bild always consisted of topics of various facts and little policy. From March 1953, pulling strongly increased.

Bild and the policy

Under preserving editor association Karl Heinz Hagen, the policy became more important in Bild. The newspaper defended strict a Anticommunisme towards GDR and the states of the Warsaw Pact and began vehement against dislocation of Germany in 3 parts (" Dreigeteilt - NIEMALS! " - " Crossed into three - NEVER! ")

Bild in shift

There were under editor association Peter Boenisch again less various policy and more facts. Bild dealt with the small people and exposed his troubles and its problems in its advertizing campaigns. In less than 6 months, pulling went up to 4 million specimens.

Leading lines

Axel Springer formulated in 1967 four leading lines of the edition, a fifth was added after September 11th:

absolute engagement for the rebuilding of the unit and German freedom.
reconciliation between Jews and Germans.
the rejection of any kind of political extremism.
the approval of the free market economy.
the transatlantic partnership with the United States.

Bild and the demonstrations coeds

At the end of the years 1960, Bild launched a polemic against the students. The members of the Opposition not-member of Parliament ( außerparlamentarischen Opposition ) were designated like " rabble immatriculée" , " trailing policies and gâteux" , " radicaleux". Bild recommended in 1966 " a blow of police force on the heads of riots, to make run the still existing grey matter ". …

The boycott of Bild

The writer and journalist of investigation Günter Wallraff infiltrated within the drafting of Bild as a journalist under the pseudonym of Hans Esser. It thus has spy the methods of Bild, and thereafter written a trilogy " anti-Bild" composed of the books Der Aufmacher (the Leading article), Zeugen der Anklage (Pilot of the charge) and Das " Bild" - Handbuch (the handbook of Bild), in which he denounces the methods of the tabloïd.

Intellectuals of left were also opposed, as from 1980, with the publications of Axel Springer. Fatty Günter, Peter Rühmkorf and Klaus Staeck founded the anti-Bild countryside with the slogan: " We do not work for the newspapers of Springer". This countryside was also supported by Heinrich Böll, Jürgen Habermas and of the hundreds of trade unionists and politicians.

Editor associations

1952: Rolf von Bargen
1952-1958: Rudolf Michael
1958-1960: Oskar Bezold
1960-1962: Karl-Heinz Hagen
1961-1971: Peter " Pepe" Boenisch
1971-1980: Günter Prinz
1981-1988: Horst Fust
1988-1989: Werner Rudi
1989-1990: Peter Bartels
1990-1992: Hans-Hermann Tiedje
1992-1997: Claus Larass
1998-2000: Udo Röbel
since 2001: Kai Diekmann

Edition, assistantship and contained

Edition and carried

Pulling dropped during period 1983 - 2005 from 5,4 to 3,8 million copies. Bild appears Monday to Saturday with an edition sold to approximately 3,8 million copies per day (2005). It reaches thus approximately 18,8% of the German total population of more than 14 years, that is to say 12,11 million people. Since 1998, Bild lost approximately a third of its purchasers.

Means of production

Bild is published in a large size called Norddeutsches Format (376 X 528 mm). Each day 32 local and regional editions of Bild appear.

Assistantship

The editor of Bild, Axel Springer AG, regularly carries out surveys to determine the composition of the assistantship of Bild: mainly little qualified workmen and workers, only 8,1% of the Germans having made studies of level vat or more read Bild. The assistantship is to 54% masculine. Bild has a strong rate of readers among the population with Hamburg, much less in Bavaria.

Topics

Sex, criminality, war are the main themes developed in Bild, with the sport, and more particularly football (League 1 allemande, national team of Germany). Bild puts " also often ahead; scandales" and " affaires".

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