Beth DIN

Beth DIN , also written Beit DIN , is the transliteration of the Hebrew , ביתדין , which means house of the judgment and indicates a religious court.

The most known form and most widespread is rabbinical Beth DIN (compound of rabbis), but the institution also exists with some alternatives at the Jews Karaïtes, which do not have rabbis.

Origin

The Torah tells that Jethro had advised with Moïse to delegate the majority of its judicial power at courts of justice and to act only as time that supreme judge. What it did quickly. One of the divine commands reported in the Deutéronome 16:18 is to establish judges and officers with the doors of each city of the ground of Israel after its conquest.

Organization

As clarified by the Talmud in the Sanhédrin treaty, there exist three types of Beth DIN:
  • large the Sanhédrin, which is the supreme court made of 71 Wise and which sits at Jerusalem in the Temple;
  • small Sanhédrins, made of 23 Wise and which sits in each city. Small Sanhédrins installed in the tribal capitals supervise the other courts of their territory and are only entitled to pronounce capital punishments;
  • courts made of three Wise Men.

The courts consider all the businesses covered by the Jewish Loi after having heard the witnesses.

Judges

The judges must have received the Smikha to be entitled to sit in Beth DIN. This transmission of the legal authority by laying on of hands has courru from Moïse the destruction of the second Temple of Jerusalem. It does not exist any more in a way unanimously recognized since.

Large Beth DIN has the following judges

  • AV Beth DIN (אבביתדין) is the most qualified judge of the court;
  • the Roch Beth DIN (ראשביתדין) chairs the court;
  • a Dayan (דין) is a simple judge;
  • a Khaver Beth DIN (חברביתדין) is an adviser who offers his technical expertise.
In the small courts, only one and single judge are at the same time AV and Roch Beth DIN.

Nowadays

The authority of Beth DIN is reduced nowadays to the field which the legislation of the country confers to him where it sits. For example, Beth DIN does not have any official recognition in France whereas he judges the family businesses in Israel. Its role is often reduced to consider businesses ritual, such as the Cacheroute, the Mikvé or the Conversion with the Judaism. In spite of its absence of coercive capacity, the religious Jews call upon Beth DIN normally to regulate their litigations.

The only type of Beth DIN in existence is the court of three judges. Since 2007, a group of rabbis Zionists religious and hassidic tries to recreate large Sanhédrin.

Beth DIN consists today of three rabbis of which one received a rabbinical training of judge called yadin yadin . For minor businesses, a simple rabbi can surround himself by two religious Jews

External bonds

  • the site of Beth DIN of Paris
  • the site of new Sanhédrin

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