Bergamo

Bergamo ( Bèrghem in dialect of Bergamo (Bergamàsch) - Italian Bergamo in ) is a Italian city, of approximately: 116000 inhabitants, capital of the province of the same name, located in Lombardy, area of the Flat of Po, to approximately 50 km in the North-East of Milan.

According to the legend, the city was founded by Cidno the nephew of Noah.

It is surrounded by an enclosure built at the 16th century, long of 5 kilometers and opening of four doors: San Agostino, San Lorenzo, San Alessandro and San Giacomo.

Geography

High-Bergamo

(Source: article it.wikipedia; translation to take again)
The high city is locked up in a Venetian enclosure built starting from 1561 which solidified the expansion of the city. The monuments of urban space are concentrated around Fontana of Contarini: they are primarily the Palazzo della Ragione (Palate of the Reason) and the civic Tower (known as the large bell), which still sounds at 10 p.m., announcing the night closing of the portone of the enclosure. On the southern side of the old public place, one can see the dome, the vault of Colleoni of the architect Giovanni Antonio Amadeo with the funeral monument with the condottiero Bartolomeo Colleoni, the Baptistère and the Basilique Santa Maria Maggiore. The interior of this last church of city, and not of diocese, carries architectural signs of the periods of the history of the city which followed one another since its construction. The design of famous wood the Marquetry S, made of several colors, worthy representation of the biblical scenes, is allotted to Lorenzo Lotto, as well as imposing the Confessionnal Baroque of Andrea Fantoni. The church sheltered the tomb of the musician of Gaetano Donizetti. Via Colleoni, it connects the old public place to the public place of the citadel and is the heart commercial of the high city. On the public place of the citadel, the archaeological civic museum and the museum are found “Enrico Caffi” of normal sciences. The high upper town beyond adapting to a botanical garden located inside via the open hill is also central of a faculty of rinomata of languages and foreign Literatures whose prestige is identified in European in inside. The upper town can be caught up with foot by the scorlazzini (the perrons which gives to more points connect them to the lower part of the city), in the car (even if during the sure time of the year it is prohibited during the pleasant week), with the Funiculaire or the bus

Low-Bergamo

The Bas Bergamo - in the past, one also said “ the villages ” - is center of the commune, sheltering the Prefecture and the seat of the province. In its center is the zone located between the new door and the Sentierone - the avenue delimited by trees - paved because during the last centuries it was there that was the station of fit with body.

History

August 1st

Chronology

Before Jesus-Christ

~ 100.000 : First appearance of the men in the valleys bergamasks.
~2500 : According to the legend, the ligure chief Cydno founds Barra (Bergamo).
~1200 : Probably the foundation of Barred by a tribe Ligures.
~550 : First destruction of Barred by Gallic “the Cenomane”, the conquerors change the name of Barred in “Bérghem”. In dialect, the city is thus named.
~428 : Second destruction of Bergamo by Gallic “the Senoni” ordered by their Brenno chief.
196 : Victoire of the Romans on the Gallic tribes, the bergamasks become prone Roman. Bérghem becomes Bergomum.
49 : Jules César concedes the Roman citizenship at the city.

After Jesus-Christ

~290 : Martyrdom of Holy Alexandre, Owner of the city.
402 : Bergamo is destroyed by the Visigoths led by Alaric I {{er}}.
450 : The “plague of god” Attila destroys the city.
455 : Excursion of the Vandals and the Alains.
476 : The Byzantine occupy Bergomum. But for little time, because the Ostrogoths beat them and dominate the city.
569 : Arrival of the Lombards.
774 : Victoire of Charlemagne on Lombards, he becomes the Master of Bergamo.
894 : Ransack Arnulf.
904 : Adalbert is named Bishop-Count de Bergame.
1098 : Beginning of the communal period.
1156 : Frederic Barberousse grants to Bergamo to beat currency. First battle between Bergamo and Brescia.
1167 : Birth of the Lombarde League to Pontida close to Bergamo.
1176 : Demolished Frederic Barberousse with the Battle of Legnano.
1183 : Peace of Constancy, the emperor Frederic Barberousse is accommodated triumphantly in Bergamo.
1191 : Battle between Bergamo and Brescia with Cividate.
1206 : Beginning of fight for the capacity in Bergamo. Noble Suardi are side guelfe against “popular” the guibelin.
1264 : Filippo della Torre becomes the first mayor of Bergamo. The fight continues between Colleoni (Guelfe S) and Suardi (become Gibelin S).
1295 : The family of Suardi requests of the assistance from Mathieu I {{er}} Visconti, lord of Milan. Colleoni are driven out of Bergamo. But the fight enters the various families continues of more beautiful.
1331 : Arrival of Jean of Luxembourg, king de Bohême and of Poland.
1332 : Beginning of the domination of Visconti, lords of Milan.
1395 : Birth of Bartolomeo Colleoni.
1419 : Arrival of Saint Bernardin of His.
1428 : Bergamo passes under the domination of the “Sérénissime” Venice”
1458 : Bartholomé Colleoni nominated general captain of the Venetian troops.
1475 : Died of Bartolomeo Colleoni.
1509 to 1529 : Bergamo becomes battle field between Venice, the France and the Spain.
1561 : Beginning of the Venetian walls.
1595 : Torquato Tasso originating in Bergamo, crowned poet in Rome. He wrote Jerusalem released .
1630 : Arrival of the Plague. The polenta makes also its appearance in this time. It will become the principal dish of the peasants.
1796 : The French revolutionary troops arrive at Bergamo. The Venetian domination is finished.
1797 : Birth of the republic bergamask the March 13rd and of Gaetano Donizetti the November 29th. Venice organizes a counter-revolution with the faithful support of the inhabitants of Valle Imagna.
1797 : After a few months the city enters the République cisalpine.
1805 : The city belongs to the Kingdom of Italy.
1815 : Fall of Napoleon, Bergamo passes in the Austrian domination according to the Traité of Vienna.
1848 : Revolutionary year. The Bergamasks attack the Austrian barracks. Visit Giuseppe Garibaldi and of Giuseppe Mazzini. Return of the Austrians.
1859 : Garibaldi releases Bergamo and enters the reign of Italy.

1860 : 180 Bergamasks take part in the Expédition of the Thousand. It forms the 8th company. It will be called by Garibaldi, the “company of irons”. Today, Bergamo is always called the city dei Thousand.
1862 : The city is equipped with lighting with gas.
1872 : The municipality leaves the high city to be transferred in the low city.
1887 : Realization of the Funicular which connects the high city and basse.<
1889 : The city is equipped with electric lighting.
1925 : Construction of the first highway between Milan and Bergamo.
1936 : Died of the hero Antoine Locatelli in Ethiopia.
1958 : Angelo Roncalli, first bergamask, elected official pontiff. He will choose to bear the name of Jean XXIII.
1962-1963 : The Atalanta, the football team of Bergamo gains the Coupe of Italy.
1963 : Died of the “good pope. ”
1965-1976 : Felice Gimondi, cyclist bergamask gains 3 turns of Italy (1967,1969,1976) 1 turn of France (1965).
1977 : Giacomo Agostini takes its retirement of motorcylcist. He will have gained 15 world championships of 350 cm ³ and 500 cm ³.

Famous characters

Jean XXIII or Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, born with Sotto it Assembles close to Bergamo the November 25th 1881, was elected pope in 1958. He died in 1963.
Vittore Ghislandi (Fra' Galgario) born in Bergamo in 1655 - died in Bergamo in 1747 (Artist)
Jacopo Negretti (Palma Vecchio) born in Bergamo in 1480 - died in Venice in 1528 (Artist)
Gaetano Donizetti born in 1797, European musician - died in 1848
Antonio Locatelli (Bergamo 1895-Lechemti, Ethiopia, 1936) aviator and adventurer having received 3 gold medals for values soldier.
Pietro Locatelli (Bergamo, September 3rd, 1695 - Amsterdam, March 30th, 1764) was a type-setter and violonist virtuoso.
Carlo Alfredo Piatti (° Bergamo, January 8th, 1822 - † Mozzo, July 18th, 1901), violoncellist and type-setter
Bartolomeo Colleoni (Bergamo 1400-1475) Condottiere celebrates

Monuments and inheritance

Basilica Started at the 12th century, work lasted 500 years.
Vault Colleoni, built by the architect G-A Amadei on the order of famous the Bartolomeo Colleoni. Remarkable monument of the Lombarde Rebirth.
Baptistry, built in 1340 by Giovanni da Campione. It has an octagonal plant.
Basilique of Santa Maria Maggiore builds of XIIe century,
Piazza Vecchia, It was defined by the architect Le Corbusier like the most beautiful place of Europe.
Palate of the Reason, monument set up in XIIe century, it was rebuilt by Pietro Isabello in XIIe century?.
Campanone, turn médeviale height a 52 meters. It was built in XIIe century. Unspoilable view on the city.
Porte Saint Giacomo It was built at the 16th century. It is one of the four doors by which one entered the High City. The blazon of the Leon de San Marco points out the Venetian domination.
Theater Donizetti, built at the end of the 18th century in the honor of the type-setter bergamask Donizetti.

Gastronomy

The geographical configuration of the area bergamask contributed to the development of a mountain gastronomy which is based mainly on the polenta , the cheeses and the meat.

The Polenta , made containing Cornstarch pulp, is the symbol of the kitchen bergamask. The cornstarch must cook very a long time in a copper cauldron and must be stirred up permanently during its cooking using a large stick called tarello . Before their hunting is prohibited, the traditional dish of festival was the polenta accompanied by small wild birds. For the poorest population, the polenta was accompanied mainly by cheese and of Beurre, it is the polenta taragna .

The most typical cheese of Bergamo comes from the Brembana valley which overhangs the city. Its name remains the dialectal term bergamask Formai drove which means cheese of the Alpage S. It is a cheese of cow with cooked paste délicieusement scented which can be consumed as well such as it is as in the culinary preparations bergamasks.

The traditional dessert bergamask names Polenta E osei . It is a génoise in the shape of half-sphere and coloured in yellow to imitate the beautiful color gilded of the polenta, and stuffed with almond paste and Chocolate mousse. One has on the top small chocolate birds which point out the wild birds of antan.

Administration

Hamlets

Communes bordering

Azzano San Paolo, Curno, Gorle, Lallio, Mozzo, Orio Al Serio, Paladina, Ponteranica, Seriate, Sorisole, Stezzano, Torre Boldone, Treviolo, Valbrembo

Twinning

See too

University of Bergamo
Museum and school of the Academy Carrara
List of the Italian cities of more than 25.000 inhabitants

Simple: Bergamo

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