Beautiful Hooks

Bell Hooks (born Gloria Jean Watkins the September 25th 1952) is a Intellectuelle, Féministe, and Militant E of the the United States. Hooks is interested particularly in the existing relations between Race, class and kind, and on the production and the perpetuation of the systems of oppression and domination basing itself on them. It published more than thirty books and several articles in university publications or in the press general practitioner, it appeared in several documentary films, and took part in public conferences. Mainly starting from a feminist prospect and Afro-American E, hooks treats race, class and kind in education, art, the history, sexuality, the Médias of mass, and feminism.

Pen name

Hooks forged its pseudonym starting from the names of his/her mother and her grandmother. Its name employs the initial tiny ones, in a not-conventional way, which means for it that most important in its work is the " substance of the books, not what I suis". "

Youth

Hooks was born Gloria Jean Watkins on September 25th, 1952 with Hopkinsville (Kentucky). It grew in a family of the working class among five sisters and a brother. The father of Hooks, Veodis Watkins, was a guard, and his/her mother, Rosa Bell Watkins, were housewife. She was high in a difficult family in a black community. She writes that the experiment to grow poor, black, and woman had a deep impact on her and continues to nourish her writing and her engagement.

The education of hooks took place in public schools subjected to the segregation, and she speaks about the extreme difficulty in passing to a school of racial integration, where the teachers and the pupils was mainly white. She received her diploma with the college of Hopkinsville, then received her license of English to the Université of Stanford in 1973, and her control in arts, always in English, with the Université of Wisconsin in 1976. In 1983, after several years of teaching and writing, hooks finished its doctorate at the department of literature of the the University of California with Santa Cruz, with a thesis on the novelist Toni Morrison.

Career

Hooks started to teach in 1976 as a professor of English and university lecturer in ethnic studies with the the University of California of the South. It remains there three years, during which Golemics (Los Angeles) published its first book, a plate of poems entitled And There We Wept (And there we cried, 1978), under its pen name, beautiful hooks.

It taught in several university institutions with the beginning of the year 1980, including the University of California with Santa Cruz and with the University of the state of San Francisco. South End Close (Boston) published its first important work, Ain' T I has Woman?: Black Women and Feminism in 1981, writes when it made its studies. Since its publication, it obtained broad re-elected as a contribution to the modern feminist thought.

Ain' T I has Woman? approaches several recurrent themes in its work: history and impact of the Sexism and the Racism on the black women and the devalorization of the black femininity which results from this; the role of the media, the education system, and the systems of capitalist supremacy patriarchal white in the marginalisation of the black women; the denigration of the black women and the contempt towards the problems of race, classify and kind within feminism.

Since does the publication of Ain' T I have Woman? , hooks became known like thinker left Politique of . Hooks tries to reach a broad audience by presenting its work through several media, by employing various manners of speaking and of writing according to the public.

The subjects of its books go from the black men and the masculinity to the self-defense, the pedagogy engaged with the memories personnel, and from sexuality to the policy food-growing reading visual. In its most recent writings, it treats of capacity of the community and love to exceed the race, the class and the kind. With three novels and four books for youth, it tries to prove that the communication and the culture (the aptitude for reading, writing, and to have a thought criticizes) are the key of the development of communities and healthy relations, which are not contaminated by the race, the class or the kind.

It filled the posts of professor of African studies and Afro-Americans and English at the University of Yale, Master assistant of female studies and American literature with Oberlin College with Oberlin, Ohio, and of " Distinguished Lecturer off English Literature" with the City College off New York.

Hooks made a speech of handing-over of the diplomas discussed in 2002 with the Southwestern University, which was then its employer. Leaving side the traditional style of the speeches of entry, hooks spoke about oppression and violence guaranteed by the government, and tancé the students who followed the current. A good part of the listeners hooted this speech, although " several graduate students passed in front of the main thing to tighten the hand of hooks or the étreindre".

In 2004, hooks joined the faculty of Berea in the Kentucky, as professor emeritus in residence, where it took part in a group of weekly feminist dsicussion, and with a seminar, " Building Beloved Community: The Practice off Impartial Love" (To build a liked community: practice of the impartial love) .

Influences

Do the influences of hooks include/understand the feminist Abolitionniste Sojourner Truth (of which the speech Ain' T I has Woman? inspired the first major work of hooks), the teacher Brésil IEN Paulo Freire (whose hooks takes again the theories on education in its committed education), the Théologien Gustavo Gutiérrez, the playwright Lorraine Hansberry, the Bonze Bouddhiste Thich Nhat Hanh, the writer James Baldwin, the black leader Malcolm X, and the leader of the movement of the Civic right Martin Luther King.

Critics coming from conservatives

Preserving authors criticized hooks. David Horowitz scoffed his assertion according to which " it is difficult not to hear in ordinary English the sempiternal sound of the massacre and the conquête" ( Teaching to Transgress , p.169). Peter Schweizer shows it hypocrisy in his sexual policy, and Jamie Glazov shows it to make " heinous diatribes coming from the caniveau".

Killing Rage , in which hooks states that she is " sitting beside male year anonymous white that long to murder". She explains that her pulse was occasioned by has ticket/boarding not argument involving her black and female friend. To hooks, the argument was symptomatic off the role off racism and sexism in American society, describing her reaction to this man, and off another white man who was similarly given preferential treatment:

It was not has question off your giving up the seat, it was year occasion for you to intervene in the harassment off has Young black woman and you thing your own comfort and tried to deflect away from your complicity in that insincere choice by offering year, face saving apology… It was this incidental sequences off racialized involving black women that intensified my rage against the white man sitting next to me. I felt has “Killing Rage.” I wanted to stab him softly, to shot him with the gun I wished I had in my purse. And ace I watched his bread, I would say to him tenderly “racism hurts. ” - beautiful hooks, Killing Rage

Quotations

"Popular escapist fiction enchants adult readers without challenging them to Be educated for critical consciousness." - From 2003 Rock'n'roll My Soul
" People with healthy coil-esteem C not need to create claims identities." - From 2003 Rock'n'roll My Soul
" What nationalist educators often fail to recognize is that merely being taught by teachers who are black has not and will not solve the problem yew the teachers cuts been socialized to internalize racist thinking." - From 2003 Rock'n'roll My Soul
" With dangerous form off psychological splitting had to cuts taken place, and it continuous to take place, in the psyches off many African Americans who edge one one hand opposes racism, and then one the other hand passively absorb ways off thinking butt beauty that are rooted in white supremacist thought." - From 2003 Rock'n'roll My Soul
" Rare When television screens had only images off black folks, black people were more critically vigilant butt thesis representations. Even when blackness was represented “positiviely,” ace it was in early black television shows like Julia , which focused one the life off has black children's nurse, the beauty standard has reflection off white supremacist aesthetics." - From 2003 Rock'n'roll My Soul
" The more Lil' Kim distorted her natural beauty to become has cartoonlike off caricatures whiteness, the larger her success." - From 2003 Rock'n'roll My Soul
" Indeed much off the literature written butt black folks in the post-civilian rights will era emphasized the need for jobs. Material advancement was deemed the steam pressing diary. Mental health concerns were not has high priority." - From 2003 Rock'n'roll My Soul -->

Rewards and nominations

Yearning: Race, Gender, and Farming Politics : The American Book Awards/Before Columbus Foundation Award (1991)
Ain' T I has Woman?: Black Women and Feminism : “one of the twenty twenty last years most influential books written by a woman” according to Publishers Weekly (1992)
beautiful hooks: Price of the writer of Lila Wallace Reader' S Digest Fund (1994)
Happy to Be Nappy : nomination of the NAACP Image Award (2001)
Homemade Coils : deliver for child of the year for The Bank Street College (2002)
Salvation: Black People and Coils : Hurston Wright Legacy Award nominated (2002)
beautiful hooks: Utne Reader' S “the 100 visionaries who could change your life”
beautiful hooks: “one of the major intellectuals of the American nation” according to The Atlantic Monthly

Selective bibliography

Ain' T I has Woman?: Black women and feminism (1981) ISBN 0-89608-129-X
Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center (1984) ISBN 0-89608-614-3
Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black (1989) ISBN 0-921284-09-8
Yearning: Race, Gender, and Farming Politics (1990) ISBN 0-921284-34-9
Breaking Bread: Rise Black Intellectual Life (1991) (with Cornel West) ISBN 0-89608-414-0
Black Looks: Race and Representation (1992) ISBN 0-89608-433-7
Sisters off the Yam: Black Women and Coil-recovery (1993) ISBN 1-896357-99-7
Teaching to Transgress: Education Ace the Practice off Freedom (1994) ISBN 0-415-90808-6
Outlaw Culture: Resisting Representations (1994) ISBN 0-415-90811-6
Art one My Mind: Visual Politics (1995) ISBN 1-56584-263-4
Killing Rage: Ending Racism (1995) ISBN 0-8050-5027-2
Bone Black: Memories off Girlhood (1996) ISBN 0-8050-5512-6
Real to Real: Race, Sex, and Class At the Movies (1996)
Wounds off Passion: In Writing Life (1997) ISBN 0-8050-5722-6
Happy to Be Nappy (1999) ISBN 0-7868-0427-0
Remembered Rapture: The Writer At Work (1999) ISBN 0-8050-5910-5
All About Coils: New Visions (2000) ISBN 0-06-095947-9
Feminism is for Everybody: Passionate Politics (2000) ISBN 0-89608-629-1
Where We Stand: Class Matters (2000)
Salvation: Black People and Coils (2001) ISBN 0-06-095949-5
Communion: The Female Search for Coils (2002) ISBN 0-06-093829-3
Homemade Love (2002) ISBN 0-7868-0643-5
Be Servant boy Buzz (2002) ISBN 0-7868-0814-4
Rock My Soul: Black People and Coil-esteem (2003) ISBN 0-7434-5605-X
The Will to Change: Men, Masculinity, and Coil (2003) ISBN 0-7434-5607-6
Teaching Community: In Pedagogy off Hope (2003) ISBN 0-415-96817-8
We Real Cool: Black Men and Masculinity (2004) ISBN 0-415-96926-3
Skin Again (2004) ISBN 0-7868-0825-X
Space (2004) ISBN 0-415-96816-X
Drunk Sister: Women, Friendship, and Fulfillment (2005) ISBN 0-89608-735-2
Witness (2006) ISBN 0-89608-759-X

Filmed appearances

Black Is, Black Ain' T (1994)
Give has Damn Again (1995)
Cultural Criticism and Transformation (1997)
My Feminism (1997)
I amndt has Man: Black masculinity in America (2004)
Voices off Power (1999)
Baadasssss Cinema (2002)
Writing About has Revolution: With talk (2004)
Happy to Be Nappy and other stories off me (2004)
Is Feminism Dead? (2004)

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