Bayezid Ier (Turkish: Yıldırım Beyazıd) (Arab: يلدرمالصاعقةبايزيد yildirim have-Sā `iqa bāyazīd) (Turkish: yıldırım, the lightning; thunder ) (Arab: صاعقة Sā `iqa, the lightning ) was born with Edirne in 1360. Indicated by will, it succeeded his father Murad I {{er}} in 1389. Hardly it had seized the power which it made strangle his older brother Yakub Çelebi. Its carried character, and the speed of its decisions were worth its nickname to him of “Striking down”. It is made prisoner in 1402 by Tamerlan and died in captivity.

History

It passed its childhood to Bursa where it accepted best possible education. It was named governor of the province of Kutahya (Greek: Κουταχια) by his/her father.

In 1390, after having " regulated the succession" of his/her father Murad I {{er}} died on the field of battles of Kosovo, Bayezid concludes with Milica, widow of the Serb prince Lazar Hrebeljanović killed with Kosovo and the dignitaries of the Serb Church, a treaty leaving in Serbia a broad autonomy. Stefan Lazarević, wire of Lazar, become his/her brother-in-law and vassal, was to ensure its victory against the Christian armies the Bataille of Nicopolis in 1396.

Between 1389 and 1395, Bayezid conquered the Bulgaria and the north of the Greece.

Since 1389, the princes Turkish of Anatolia, in particular those of the two large emirates of Germiyan and Karaman, started to rebel against the Othoman dynasty. In 1390, Bayezid arrived, thanks to the dowry of its marriage with the princess Devlet de Germiyan, to annex the vast territory of the princes de Germiyan (area mid-west of Anatolia, around Kütahya). Then, Bayezid arrived in Anatolia with Serb troops and conquered the emirate of Karaman in 1397 (Southern of the Anatolian peninsula, ancient Larande).

In 1391, it undertook the blockade of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. This seat was at the same time terrestrial and maritime. The Turks did not come to end from the walls from the city. In 1392, a Hungarian army carried out by the king Sigismond I {{er}} of Luxembourg obliged Bayezid to raise the head office of Constantinople. In 1393, Bayezid besieged the town of Tirnovo (Veliko Tarnovo), capital of the Bulgarian Empire. After this countryside in Valachie and the annexation of the province of Salonique in Greece, the head office of Constantinople was taken again in 1395.

At the request of the Byzantine Emperor Jean V Paleologist a new forwarding of support was organized in 1396 with the Bourguignon S. ordered Again by Sigismond I {{er}} of Luxembourg, king de Hongrie and future Saint Germanic Roman Emperor (in 1410), this army of help was demolished with the Bataille of Nicopolis (Nikopol or Nigbolu) and united lost the gained ground. Sometimes this forwarding is called the last crusade or crusade of Nicopolis . After this victory the Abbasid caliph of the Cairo Al-Mutawakkil I {{er}} named Bayezid Sultan of Anatolia.

The head office of Constantinople begins again for the third time. With this intention, the Anadoluhisari fortress (word for word: fortress of Anatolia ) was built in the North of Constantinople on Asian bank of the Bosphorus in order to block the passage of the Straits to the enemy ships. But the absence of marine and sufficiently powerful guns, returned this seat without effect.

The head office of Constantinople was maintained until 1398. The irruption of Tamerlan in Anatolia obliged to raise it. The treaty provided that Constantinople pay a very strong ransom and that a mosque is built in the city. Bayezid engaged a battle with Génois of the district of Galata on northern bank of the Corne of Gold.

In 1400, Tamerlan, after having plundered a certain number of villages, succeeds in raising the small Turkish principalities that Bayezid had annexed. The July 20th 1402 with Ankara engaged the fatal battle for Bayezid. It was overcome, took as prisoner and put out of cage like trophy of war. His wife and her daughters were transferred in the harem from Tamerlan.

Bayezid died in captivity in 1403, it would have committed suicide by using the poison dissimulated in its ring. Bayezid Ier had five wire: Suleyman, Isa, Musa, Mehmed and Mustafa. This last died before his/her father in 1401. The four survivors will dispute the capacity. The Othoman State enters during one time of disorder and quarrels of succession called “the interregnum”. His/her Mehmed son, whom it had with Devlet, princess of Germiyan, will succeed to him under the title of Mehmed Ier.

Bibliography (in French)

• '' Jacob Shalabin '' (Yakub Çelebi), with the Anacharsis Editions.
• Joseph de Hammer, History of the Ottoman Empire (1835)

External bonds

• Othoman Web site

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