Batalla de Lostwithiel

The taekwondo ( taegwondo according to the Romanisation revised of Korean, 태권도 in Hangeul, the Alphabet Korea N) is an external martial art of origin South-Korea. It can result in the way of the foot and the fist ( tae (태), to strike foot - kwon (권), to strike fist - C (도), way). The purpose of it is to develop and improve, by a rigorous Discipline, all spiritual faculties and physical of the man. It is defined as being a Martial art wise . The practitioner of taekwondo is called a taekwondoïste or Taekwon-doin .

History

Origins

As much of martial arts, the taekwondo is based on a very old tradition, and existed well before the Moyen-âge in Korea, through many schools, under the name of Subak (수박), Subakhi , Subyok , Taekkyeon (태껸), Bikaksul , Subyokta and Kweonbeop (권법). The past of the taekwondo is detectable through the oral history and the objects resulting from the time of the the first three kingdoms of Korea (Koguryeo (고구려), Paekje (백제) and Silla (신라)) ; thus, the discovery in 1935 by archeologists Japan board of two royal tombs (on the ceilings of which techniques and positions of combat are represented) undoubtedly attests the existence of original martial arts in the kingdom of Koguryeo, other archaeological lucky finds going in the same direction.

The historical past of the taekwondo is mainly recalled by the murals of the royal tombs of the time Koguryeo (kingdom founded in 37 av. J. - C. by Kojumong (고주몽), more known under the name of king Dong Myeong Sung, and which will perdura until 668). The frescos of Muyang Chong and Known-myo Gift represent scenes of drive, and those of Samsil Chong show a man in a basic installation of martial art. The historical dating of these frescos oscillates between year 3 and year 427 of our era.

A tribe which had fled of Koguryeo, Paekje , settled with the accesses of the basin of the river Han (한). The chief, Onjo-wang (온조왕), unified all the existing tribes and formed the old kingdom of Paekje in 18 av. J. - C. As in the other kingdoms, martial arts played a significant part in the defense of the country. Thus was born the susa (comparable with Hwarangdo de Silla). At that time, another predecessor of the taekwondo, the subyokta , was practiced in the villages of the kingdom in the popular form of event, gaining it of the competitions sometimes being able to become chief of village or soldier. It was nevertheless in smallest of the three kingdoms, Silla, that martial arts flowered which enabled him to fight with more or less of success as much against the attacks of the kingdoms close that against that to the Japanese islands.

The kingdom of Silla was founded by Park Hyuk Kusae in 37 av. J. - C. and will perdura until 935 of our era. Although in addition to being smallest of the three kingdoms, Silla was a company known as " primitive" , this one influenced the birth of the taekwondo directly. With the disorganized departure, this kingdom became under the impulse of its most powerful founder of the three kingdoms, in particular thanks to the development of a plain and disciplined army (whose values are not without pointing out those of the knights of the chansons de geste of the Middle Ages in Occident). The Hwarangdo (화랑도) creates by the 24e king de Silla was initially a military organization of elite consisted soldiers having proven reliable lasting the battle. These young recruits, called Hwarang (화랑) (young people noble, “knight with the flower”), practiced a new form of codified martial art, parallel to the other institutional matters. Their influence was probably not without consequence on the military history of the kingdom which could maintain its enemies with the variation as well as to unify Korea in 688 av. J. - C. Let us note that at that time, Korean traditional martial arts became particular extensive in the institutions.

In 935, whereas fall the kingdom from Silla, is set up the dynasty Koryeo (고려), founded in 918 by Wang Keon (왕건). In the memories of Koryeo, an martial art close to the taekwondo was initially called subakhi . Popular near the people of Koryeo, it is probable that, just as before in the other kingdoms, the kings liked to attend the competitions of subakhi and to reward gaining them. It is of notoriety that the national university of Koryeo and the greatest education institution on the thought confucéenne of the time, “Kukjakam”, systematically taught the subakhi up to more the high level. Moreover, the dynasty made commercial great strides which allowed the cultural exchanges, of which the subakhi. Conversely, the kingdom is subject to the influences of foreign martial arts.

Creation with the scission

The taekwondo officially was born on April 11th, 1955, after a long work of development and unification of the various Korean schools of martial arts. It is thus at the same time the fruit of a martial long tradition and the fruit of the work of a man, the general Choi Hong-hi (최홍히), who chaired the meeting of 1955. This last begins its practice of the taekyon indeed, a very old Korean martial art based on techniques of very complete legs during its youth. We are in between two wars, and Korea is still under the Japanese domination. When the Choi young person leaves to make his studies in Japan, it returns in contact with the Karaté of Master Funakoshi, under the direction of which it starts to practice. Of return in Korea, it continues its work on the development of a new martial art, combination of karate and old Korean martial arts. But the Second world war bursts, and he is enlisted of force in the Japanese army. With the release, its work on martial art continues. But Korea is again plunged in the storm of the ideological conflict between North and South. Choi Hong Hi engages in the very young Sud-coréenne army, which it contributes to found (it belongs to the " Founding fathers of the army coréenne"). It then starts to teach its art with its troops. Its goal is to give to ravaged Korea by the Japanese occupation and the war a national martial art, but also to base on the base of last scientific progresses a practice of rational self-defense. It is this scientific aspect which gives its specificity first to the taekwondo, since each movement is studied according to the scientific principles with an aim of obtaining the maximum of power.

After the official creation of the taekwondo, on April 11th, 1955, teams of demonstration were made up.

Composed of the best representatives of this new martial art, they had the aim of carrying out rounds in the whole world in order to make known the taekwondo.

In March 1959, a first round made discover with Taiwan and the South Vietnam this new martial art.

In 1961-62, the taekwondo was practiced by the Korean soldiers as much as by the civil population of this country, but also by the American armed forces stationed in Korea.

These same years, the taekwondo was introduced with the military academy of West Point (the USA), one of most famous of the world.

Appointed ambassador in Malaysia, the Choi general introduced the taekwondo into this country, after having carried out a demonstration in a stage at the request of the Malais Prime Minister.

In 1963, the Malayan Association of taekwondo was created.

In June of the same year, a demonstration took place in the building of the the United Nations, with New York, and the taekwondo was selected for the training of the soldiers of the South Vietnam.

Always in 1963, national associations of Singapore and Brunei were created.

In 1965, the Choi general took his retirement with the rank of General two stars, and was charged by the government with South Korea with directing a round in Germany of the West, Italy, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Malaysia and Singapore.

The names of the members of the team of demonstration of then since returned in the legend:

Han Cha Kyo (Life daN at the time), Kim Jun Kun (Ve daN), Kwon Jai Hwa (Ve daN) and Park Jong Soo (Ve daN). It is useless to stress that the European taekwondo would be nothing without these men who dedicated their very whole life with this martial art.

The taekwondo was then recognized like the national martial art of Korea.

It was the occasion to make known the taekwondo in these countries, like establishing national associations which, on March 22nd, 1966 met to form the International federation of taekwondo, the ITF.

The countries founders of the ITF are thus Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, the West Germany, the United States, Turkey, Italy and the United Arab Emirates.

The head office of the ITF is then with Seoul.

In 1968, the Choi General visited the France at the time of the symposium on the military sport.

The representatives of 32 countries were the witnesses of a historical demonstration.

The same year, the Great Britain formed an national association of taekwondo, and the general went in Spain, with the Canada, the Netherlands, in Belgium and India.

In 1969, the general carried out a round in 29 countries in order to meet the instructors of these various countries and to carry out the catches of sights which illustrate the first edition of the Encyclopedia (©1972).

The year 1970 was with the image of 1969.

The general travelled in the whole world to make discover the taekwondo and lead seminars to train instructors or to improve the technique of those.

1973, one pivotal year

In 1972, the Choi General introduced the taekwondo in Bolivia, Dominican Republic, Haiti and Guatemala. But confronted with a particularly difficult political situation in its country, it was constrained with the exile: indeed, the South Korean government had disapproved an initiative of the Choi general to make a demonstration of taekwondo in North Korea, where it had gone in 1966 (source: ). The development of the taekwondo in North Korea is due in particular to Yoon Byung-in.

In order not to lose the taekwondo, and with the agreement of the Member States of the ITF, the general Choi moved the head office of the ITF with Toronto, in Canada, from where he hoped to be able to more easily diffuse the taekwondo in the Eastern European countries.

The government of South Korea, which did not want, either, to lose the taekwondo to him, which had become an extraordinary tool of propaganda for the country, created WTF (World Taekwondo Federation or World Federation of Taekwondo) in 1973.

After a total rehandling of the techniques, this new martial art, completely different from the taekwondo created by the Choi general, started to be spread in many countries.

Profiting from the support of the government, this martial art could develop very quickly, especially in the countries of the West.

Consequently, both taekwondos cohabit more or less peacefully. The maintenance of only one name to indicate these two disciplines is at the base many confusions, these two martial arts being very different in the facts. If the taekwondo of the Choi general continued his scientific evolution, that of the WTF took very an other direction, that of the Olympic ideal.

Thus he was recognized Olympic sport a few years ago.

Let us specify here that this martial art is still strongly majority in France, where the ITF develops again only since one ten years.

The ITF (International Taekwon-C Federation): the taekwondo of the founder

A constant development

After the creation of the WTF, the general Choi continues his work of development of the original taekwondo by the skew of the ITF, and a new team of demonstration leaves in round as of November-December 1973.

Master Park Jong Soo, from now on VIIe daN, always forms part of it.

It is accompanied by Maître Rhee Ki ha, Maître Park Sun Tae and Maître Choi Chang Keun.

They visit 23 country of Europe, of Asia, of the Middle-East and Africa, and establish national organizations in 5 of them.

Without stopping travelling, the Choi general attends the organization of Ier championship of the World in 1974 with Montreal (Canada) and of Ier championship of Europe to Amsterdam (Netherlands) in 1976.

In 1978, a new team of demonstration is made up.

She includes/understands Maître Choi Chank Keun, Park Jung Tae, Rhee Ki ha and Leong Wei Meng.

These two last, like Park Jong Soo, have today the rank of Large Master.

In 1979, AETF (All Europe Taekwon-C Federation) is founded with Oslo (Norway).

The teams of demonstrations follow one another, travelling in the whole world to introduce the taekwondo.

The year 1980 is one year historical for the taekwondo and the Choi general, since a team of 15 members (including/understanding his main son Choi Jung Hwa) carries out a round in North Korea, native land of the Choi General.

It is the first time that the taekwondo is introduced into this country.

In 1981, a team of demonstration made up of North-Korean and the South Korean ones are presented by the Choi General.

In 1985, the head office of the ITF moves again for Vienna, where it is still nowadays.

The death of the founder of the taekwondo and chairs ITF the general Choi Hong Hi occurs on June 15th, 2002. Its succession was not done in the unanimity. There exist now 3 federations bearing the same name and which are chaired by 3 different men.

Competition ITF

The combat seen by the founder

A match of taekwondo is more than one simple confrontation of force and talent.

It is also an esthetic exhibition of martial art in a honourable tradition.

There exists a great beauty in the free combat when it aggressive but is controlled, in the perfect execution of the forms or the extraordinary spectacle of the flying kicks and the techniques of breakage.

Although the stake and the competitive spirit of the participants are important, the students should also appreciate the meeting and benefit from this event to bind new friendships in the fraternity of the taekwondo, by exchanging novel methods of drive, and thus sharing physical and mental qualities of martial art with the spectators.

The candidates often take the match too much with serious and thus waste the spectacle with the public and themselves by their lack of fair play.

The accodances and the trophies often represent surface forms of recognition.

It is the respect felt by the instructors and their pupils towards the others which contains the greatest value.

A very great importance was placed on the free combat.

Although the free combat is an indicator of the training of the student, it cannot in no case to be the only criterion of appreciation of the technical level of a practitioner.

It is indeed necessary to take into account a big number of parameters.

In the case of the free combat, certain instructors and students think that the victory perhaps acquired only in full contact, with or without protective gears.

Certainly, like in the case of the kick boxing or other styles of combat with opened hand, the contact can take place without risk of serious wound.

However, a student in taekwondo, by using a correct technique, can easily uncouple the jaw of an adversary or cause instantaneous death in only one striking.

The great majority prefers the full contact with protections.

There exists a certain number of reasons for which this is unsuited:

with protective gears, it would be necessary to cover completely the body rather than some vital points and natural weapons. Protections around the neck, of the dress shields, the temples (atteignables in spite of the port of a helmet) and face would be necessary in addition to helmets and drill plates.

The entire body would be protected and the combatants would resemble has knights of the Middle Ages. One must as remember as students able to break 4 or 5 boards with a punch or a kick, can cause serious contusions.

freedom of movement would be largely reduced and protections would become a burden for the light people.
the number of the weapons of attack usable would be limited. With boxing gloves for example, it would be impossible to use the edge of the hand or the reverse of the fist or the end of the fingers.
speed and the precision would become useless criteria.
It would be impossible to use special techniques, for example, the flying kicks.
the full contact would prohibit the competition with the women, the seniors, the children and the handicapped people.
protections would eliminate the pain, which would induce an action reflex in the techniques of blocking. The pain is most painful but most effective of the assistances to build tenacity, courage and pride.

The adequate method to test the talent and the power of a student is to lead a meeting proposing of the coherent tests of skill, which included free combat, forms, tests of power, and special techniques.

Thanks to the free combat, one would test courage, aggressiveness, the spirit, the precision and speed; thanks to the forms, one would test balance, the beauty and the concentration; thanks to breakage, one would test the power and thanks to the special techniques, one would test coordination, the talents lifting and the resolution.

Four disciplines

The competitions organized under the patronage of the ITF gather four under-disciplines:

The free combat

It is about a combat of semi-contact, i.e. the blows are controlled, and are not to put the adversary out of combat. All the blows carried out with the ends of the members (hands and feet) are authorized above the belt. That means that the combatants can use strike carried out with the fists, the edge or the back of the hand, the top of the foot, the heel, etc the blows of elbow, knees and of head are prohibited, just as the blows carried out with the end of the fingers and the blows carried in the back or behind the head. The combatants carry a gum-shield and a shell as well as gloves and protect-feet. There exist five categories of weight, and three categories of age (junior, senior and veterans).

Tuls or forms

It is the technical slope of the competitions of taekwondo. The candidates clash side-by-side, vis-a-vis a jury which judges the quality of the execution of the forms carried out by each candidate. It is about mimer a combat as if one is confronted with one or more adversaries. They have an major importance to go up in rank.

Note: the forms are sequences of codified movements. There are 24 in Taekwondo ITF.

Breakage

Breakage is a test of power. Each candidate presents himself to carry out five breakages. One is carried out with a punch, one with the edge of the hand, one with a kick on side, one with a circular kick, and one with a turned over kick. The candidate who breaks the most boards gains the competition.

Special techniques

As in breakage, each candidate has five techniques to carry out. It is not a question however of breaking boards in power, but of reaching with each technique a target placed highest possible.

The WTF (World Taekwondo Federation): Taekwondo and Olympic ideal

Taekwondo WTF: History

Taekwondo WTF was born from the KTA, from the beginning in Malaysia of the general Choi (1961), the president Park Chung Hee (박정희) decided to order a reunification of the various schools. Indeed, except the soldiers of Chundokwan and Ohdokwan, little made the taekwondo as taught by the Choi general, of many Masters, nonsatisfied with the name “taekwondo” continued to teach under the names “Gongsoodo”, “Dangsoodo” and “Soobahkdo”. Hwang Kee (황기), the principal rival of the KTA, had created its own federation: Korea Dangsoodo association, which will change later into Korea Soobahkdo Association.

September 16th, 1961, a new meeting takes place, and the various representatives fall from agreement on the term “taesoodo” which combines taekwondo, gongsoodo, soobahkdo and dangsoodo. From his return of Malaysia, the Choi general requested a vote to change the name taesoodo in taekwondo on August 5th, 1965. The conditions of this vote remained doubtful, because the name taekwondo, which satisfied only Ohdokwan and Chungdokwan, was selected only with one vote of variation.

The tensions were done increasingly strong between the members of the KTA and the Choi general, because this one militarily recognized only the black belts of its school and the Chungdokwan school, which was taken as an affront by the other Masters. Moreover, it continued to evolve/move in its program, without taking account of the other Masters.

The KTA started to found a common technical program and named a committee of creation of forms, this committee was composed of:

KWAK Kun Sik (Chung C Kwan)
LEE Yong Sup (Song MOO Kwan)
PARK Hae Man (Chung C Kwan)
HYUN Jong Myung (Oh Do Kwan)
KIM Soon Bae (Chang MOO Kwan)

They created the Pumsae (품새) Palgwae and Yudanja pumsae (Koryeo (고려) with Ilyeo (일여)), but these pumsae was created without the participation of two Kwan originals, Ji Do Kwan and MOO Duk Kwan, was amalgamated within Korea Soo Bahk Do association. A few years later, under the impulse of Chong Hong Soo and Im Young Taek (MOO Duk Kwan) and Lee Chong Woo (Ji Do Kwan) part of these Kwan joined the KTA, and one decided to remake the pumsae with their opinions, the novel members of the committee of pumsae were:

LEE Chong Woo (Jidokwan)
BAE Young Ki (Jidokwan)
HAN Yong Tae (MOO Duk Kwan)

With them, new pumsae was created: the taegeuk (태극).

In 1971, the government decided to build the Kukkiwon (국기원), world center for the KTA, in 1973, the WTF was officially created, at the time of the first championships of the world.

Taekwondo WTF: Techniques

Principal techniques of foot ( Chagi (차기))

Contrary to many generally accepted ideas, in particular because of the rules of competition, which do not authorize the blows that with the top of the belt, the various kicks can be carried out on all the levels: low (legs or possibly genitals), means (solar plexus or coasts flotantes), or high (face or throat).

Techniques of hand

Almost not used in competition, they bear more technical names, composed:

of a name of position of hand: Jumeok (주먹) (the fist of face), Deungjumeok (등주먹) (the reverse of the fist), Mejumeok (메주먹) (the hammer of the fist), Sonnal (손날) (the edge of the hand), Batangson (바탕손) (the palm), Pyeonsonkkeut (편손끝) (the point of the tended and tightened fingers), Kawisonkkeut (가위손끝) (the end of 2 tended and drawn aside fingers), Palkup (팔굽) (the elbow), Palmok (팔목) (the front armlever)…
of a name of movement: Yeop (엽) (side blow), Naeryeo (내려) (from top to bottom, blow of the hammer), Pande (with the hand on the same side as the front leg), Paro (with the hand on the same side as the leg postpones)…
of a name height: Are (아래) (bottom grade), Momtong (몸통) (mean level), Eolgul (얼굴) (high level)…
of a name of technique: Chigi, Jireugi, Chilleugi, (attacks) or Maki (blocking).

In addition to the traditional techniques, there is also:

of breakage ( Kyokpa )
of coil-defense ( Ho-Shin-Drunk person )

The forms (Poomse)

The pumsae in WTF are the equivalents of Tul ITF. They are, unlike their counterparts, not of the technical dictionaries, but of the technical references.

The pumsae comprise very few techniques compared to all those contained in taekwondo, because the pumsae is a core of work, it contains technical principles. The first criticism is that there exists very little of kicks in these forms WTF, ap chagi, yop chagi, dollyeo chagi, pyojok chagi, ttwio chagi (뛰어차기) and dubal dangseong chagi (두발당성차기). This is explained when it is known that the forms remain a core, the kicks being are there the three basic kicks (ap, yop, dollyo) which derive all the others, as well as the introduction of the jumped techniques (ttwio) jumped in sequence (dubal dangseong) and on target (pyojok).

Each pumsae pleasing with him its batch of technical principles, thus, in Taegeuk 5 jang (태극 5 장), the novel methods are:

Wilo paegi, me jumeok Naeryeo chigi, palkup dollyeo chigi, palkup piojok chigi, bapchagi and duitkkoa seogi.

On the other hand, the new technical principles are:

Releases: wilo paegi, mitulo paegi, sonmok paegi, meongye paegi. Techniques of the hammer of the hand: maejumeok naelyo chigi, maejumeok bakkat chigi. Techniques of the elbow: Palkup dollyo chigi, palkup ollyo chigi, palkup naelyo chigi. Techniques on target: Palkup pyojok chigi and its applications in seizure. The crushing of the foot: bapchagi, and its applications in Hoshinsul. Cross positions: apkkoa seogi and duikkoa seogi, and their applications in combat.

What increases considerably the number of techniques acquired with new a poomsae

Beyond this aspect in the number of technique, the pumsae contains many “traps” where the practitioner beginning will fall, and the purpose of which are to work its proprioception and its psychomotricity.

The third aspect of the pumsae, surely most important, is the values which owe beings transmitted with each new form, the 1 jang is symbolized by the sky, signs of the beginner, the 2 jang is symbolized by the lake, which learns the calm one, the 3 jang is symbolized by the fire, which learns the friendship, the 4 jang is symbolized by the thunder, which learns courage…

WTF: Ranks, degrees and belts

In taekwondo, the personal development, tenacity, the will and the technique are graded just like the individual capacities.

The scale of promotion is divided into nineteen rows - ten ranks (Keup) and nine degrees (daN). The beginner starts with the 10th rank and finishes with the 1st rank. The degrees start with 1st degree (daN) and finish with ultimate the 9th degree. However, it is possible to obtain one 10th daN in taekwondo. However, this one is decreed on a purely posthumous basis.

From one school to another, the correspondence between ranks and belts can strongly vary. Also, one can find a progression in addition to ten ranks for the children, including the orange belts and violet. Here an example of progression for a child:

Ranks Children:

The competition in WTF

Protections

In combat, at the time of the competitions, the blows being carried, the port of following protections is obligatory: helmet and gum-shield (juniors categories and seniors) helmet has bubble or grid (youngest children categories, tiny, and veterans), drill plate, protect front armlever, protect-tibiae, genital shell (for the men and women) and lately the mittens, (extra informations on the official site of the WTF).

Authorized blows

All the blows must be carried upright and above the belt.
the kicks are authorized on the level of the head and the drill plate. The blow more used in competition is the bandal tchagi (semicircular kick mean level).
the punches being authorized only on the level of the drill plate, their use was almost null, but that changed since the beginning of season 07/08 thanks to an easing of the rules of arbitration which required almost a standing down of each punch and which is satisfied now just with a blow placed correctly and with sufficient impact.

Counting of the points

a kick carried to the head brings back 2 points, is heard as blow validates any kick concerning the helmet/head if it is not preceded by a fault. So in more the blow a standing down the combatant causes sees gratifier of an additional point.
a kick or of fist carried in the drill plate brings back 1 point. So in more the blow a standing down the combatant causes sees gratifier of an additional point.
Is known as in a state of standing down any combatant receiving a blow and which is unable to immediately continue the combat, when that arrives the combatant is counted to the referee up to 8 (8 seconds), so at the end of the calculation the combatant pushes a kiap its adversary is seen allotting an additional point (thus 3 points for a kick with the head and 2 points for a kick or fist with the drill plate).

Arbitration

This is only one summary of the arbitration, it gathers just the basic rules with knowing to include/understand and to appreciate a combat at the time of a competition fights.

the surface of combat is a surface of 100m ² (a square of 10m×10m).

On the surface is only the two candidates and the central referee. With each angle of the surface a judge is (it is them which validate the points), and vis-a-vis the public is the table of arbitration with the “scoring machine” (apparatus posting the round, remaining time, the score and the sanctions) and the supervisor (S).

a point is a blow carried in a zone authorized with part of the authorized body, with force, precision and impact. A point cannot be validated that if it neither is preceded nor followed by a fault.

to mark a point it is necessary that at least three of the four judges validate it in a two seconds interval.

the central referee is there to manage the combat, i.e. the time of the rounds, the faults, the sanctions, and to preserve the health of the combatants by warning the doctor at the time of a Knockout or a wound.

the most current faults are: to push its adversary, to retain its adversary, to voluntarily fall, flee the combat, to refuse the combat, to type under the belt, to speak, leave the surface of combat. All these faults involve the withdrawal of a half not (avertissement/KYONG-GO).

the sanctions are rarer but occur nevertheless. They include in particular: the punch with the face with wound or intention to wound, a blow under the belt involving a wound or with intention to wound its adversary, to insult. All these faults involve like consequence the withdrawal of a point (sanction/GAM-JEON).

to gain a candidate must be the first to mark 12 points (with withdrawal of points of to the faults), or to have 7 points of variation with its adversary (with withdrawal of points due to the faults). A candidate loses the combat automatically if it arrives at a total of -4 points (eight warnings or four sanctions or for example two sanctions and four warning). If no combatant is declared victorious before the exit of the third round, one makes the total of the points then, with withdrawal due to the faults, of the two combatants, and that having the most points gains the combat.

In the event of equality, a fourth round takes place with the rule of the gold point; the first of the combatants to mark a point gains, the arrived first has -1 point loses.

If none the combatants marks points or does not arrive has -1, it is the decision of the four judges and of the central referee who designate the winner, there is thus no possibility of having a tie.

the three others possibilitées of victories are the abandonment of the adversary, the stop of the combat by decision of the central referee (if for example he sees that the combatant is not in a position to begin again but which he does not want to declare fixed price) and also the knock out which occurs when one of the combatants receives a strong blow involving its incapacity has to take again the combat in 10 seconds, as for standing down the combatant is counted to the referee if 10 he has did not make a kiap it is his adversary which is declared victorious except in the event of knock out consecutive with a prohibited blow (blow of knees, bends, in lower part of the belt, etc).

The bringing together enters the ITF and the WTF

Within the framework of the dialog intercoréen for the Reunification of Korea, of the meetings are organized between the leaders of the one of the federations ITF (to which the athletes North-Korean are affiliated), currently chaired by Mr. Jang Ung, and of the WTF (near to the official authorities South Korean), directed by Mr. Choe Chung-won, in order to unify the two world federations of taekwondo.

References and notes

See too

External bonds

International federations

Site of the WTF
Site of the ITF
Site ITF
Site ITF

Others

General Taekwondo Information
Information general on the taekwondo, in French
Site of information on the taekwondo, updated regularly, for neophytes and practitioners
Site of Kukkiwon WTF

Simple: Taekwondo

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