Basque Mythology

The Mythologie Basque ( Euskal mitologia ) is the whole of the Mythe S of origin Basque and arrived to us. Christianized tardily, the Basques adored the natural forces like the sun, the moon, the air, water, the mountains, the forests, those taking of human forms.

The main character of Basque mythology is Mari , divinity female, who represents " the nature". He is associated Sugaar , representation of angers of the sky, thunders and storms.

There also exists of other natural forces like the sun, Egu, Eguen or Ekhi , which drove out the forces of darkness (the Basque cross would be a solar symbol) and the moon, Hill or Ilargia , which emerges from the occult world, the darkness and of died and which is often represented with an axe and the instruments of the ropemaking machine.

There exist also beings intermediate between men and gods, the Basajaunak , hairy and terribly forts, kinds of geniuses beneficial which protect the herds and hold the secrecies of agriculture.

Not having today of real influence, they are regarded for much as tale of fantasies.

Principal family

Ama Lur ~ comparable with ~ Husband -------+------- Sugaar -------+------- Princess Mundakako (the ground mother) (goddess) | (fire, snake) | | | | +--------+--------+ | | | | | Jaun Zuria Ilargi Amandre Eguzki Amandre | (Lord of the Basques) (The moon) (sun) +--------+--------+ | | | | Atarabi Mikelats | (good spirit) (bad spirit) | | +--------+--------+ | +-------------------+--------------------+ | | | Amilamia Urtzi Basajaun -----+----- Basandere (altruism) (sky) (spirit of the forest) | + | The Lamiak (~ nymphs of water)

The following terms belong to Basque mythology:

With

  • Aari : the ram

  • Aatxe , Ahatxe: the calf
  • Assistance-gaizto : sky bad
  • Aidegaxto : sky bad
  • Assistance, Aideko, Aidetikako : air, that of the air
  • Akelarre : the moor of the goat
  • Akelarre, Aquelarre : the moor of the goat
  • Aker or Akerbeltz : the black goat
  • Alarabi :
  • Amabirgina Arri : stone of the Virgin Mary
  • Amilamia :
  • Anboto : mountain where Mari saw, the goddess of the Basques
  • Andra Mari : the lady Husband
  • Andre Mari, Andere May : Ram Mari
  • Anxo : diminutive of Antoine
  • Ardi : ewe
  • Argi : light
  • Argiduna : that which with the light
  • Arpe : cave
  • Arpeko Saindu : the saint of the cave
  • Arrosaa, Arrosako Birgina :
  • Atarrabi : one of wire of Husband
  • Autzek :

B

  • Basajaun : the wild lord, the lord of the forest
  • Basandere : the wild lady, woman of the BasaJaun
  • Begizko : the evil eye
  • Behigorri : the red cow
  • Belagile : wizard in souletin
  • Beldur aize : the wind which makes fear
  • Beste Mutilak : the other young person-man
  • Berezko : the inevitable thing
  • Betadur : the magic force
  • Betizu : wild cow
  • Bide (myth) : way
  • Bildur aize : alarming wind
  • Birao : genius which adapts somebody, something
  • Buruko : thwart

C

  • the character C does not exist in the Basque alphabet. It is replaced by the K .

D

  • Debru : devil
  • Damatxo :

E

F

  • Famerijelak :
  • Frakazar :

G

H

I

  • Idetargi :
  • Idinarru : ox skin
  • Idittu, Iditxu : night genius
  • Iduski-saindu :
  • Ieltxu : night genius
  • Igitai : sickle
  • Ihizi : wild animal
  • Ilazki : the moon
  • Ilargi Amandre : the moon mother
  • Ilbide : way of dead the
  • Illargibelar : lunar grass
  • Illarri : hone deaths
  • Illerri : cemetery
  • In :
  • Inguma : genius malefic
  • Inko : God
  • Intxitxu : divinity living in caves
  • Iñusturi : thunder
  • Iratargi :
  • Iratxo : imp associated with the fern
  • Iraunsuge : the snake of the king, dragon of the king
  • Irel :
  • Irelu :
  • Ireltxu :
  • Iretargi :
  • Iritxu :
  • Iruztargi :

J

K

L

  • Labatz : toothed rack
  • Lamiña : imps (often female) living close to water
  • Lamiak or Laminak : fantastic creatures in general represented by a body of woman and feet webbed
  • Lanabes : tools
  • Latsai : straw mattress
  • Latsari : dwelling of Lamiñak
  • Lauso : fog, fog
  • Legor : sterile
  • Lerensuge : another name to indicate the dragon of the king
  • Lezekoandrea : another name to designate the goddess Husband
  • Lur, Lurbira : ground

M

NR

O

  • Odai : thunder. See also Odei, Odeiaixe, Ortz, Urtz, Ortzi, Ostri, Urtzi, Ortzilanoa
  • Odei : thunder
  • Odeiaixe : thunder wind: wind taking along the thunder
  • Ogi : bread
  • Oiarzun : echo
  • Oilar : cock
  • Ola : forge
  • Olentzero, Olentzaro : coalman who announced to the Basques the arrival of Christ
  • Oneztarri : the lightning, stone of the lightning
  • Oinazkar : flash, the lightning
  • Oñaztura : the lightning
  • Opari : offering
  • Orrazi : comb
  • Ortz, Urtz : thunder
  • Ortzi, Ostri, Urtzi : alternatives of thunder
  • Ortzilanoa : cloud of thunder (that which brings the thunder)
  • Ostadar : arc in sky
  • Ostebi : celestial rain
  • Oiulari, Oihulari : crier

P

S

T

U

  • Ubendua : mark left by a genius
  • Ubelteso : divinity of the area of Oiartzun
  • Ur : water
  • Urgeldi : lagoon, well
  • Urre : however
  • Urtats, Urteberri : New year
  • Urtezaar : old year
  • Ujanko :
  • Urtzi : another name for the thunder

X

Y

  • Yaunagorri : red lord (bad orthography, the Y does not exist in the Basque alphabet)

Z

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