Bartolomé Ammanati

See also: TNT

The Digital terrestrial television or TNT is a system of diffusion using the standards DVB-T, ISDB and ATSC and diffused in the bands allocated on television VHF - III/UHF - V already used for the diffusion of the hertzian chains Analogique S.

Coding

With the standard DVB-T, the digital images are coded according to the standard MPEG-2 or in MPEG-4 AVC for the paying TNT in France. The signal is diffused by using a modulation COFDM with: 1024 or: 4096 carrying.

Quality of the image and the sound

The digitalization of the diffusion makes it possible to improve the robustness of the image and especially of the sound (its Dolby, 5.1, image 16/9, its in original version and doubled version, etc), and to multiply the number of chains: indeed, the reduction of flow associated with the technique with the statistical Multiplexage makes it possible to make pass to six standard chains in the same channel in MPEG-2 and the double even triple in MPEG-4 AVC as well as the High-definition.

It should be noted that multiplex them R5 (HD Mpeg4) and R6 (TF1, NRJ, LCI. Eurosport France and TMC) are not in statistical multiplexing but well in constant flow for the video.

Reception

For the televiewer, the main interest is the reception, via simple a Antenne rake, even of an antenna of interior, chains of Télévision diffused numerically. Indeed, to receive the TNT, it is not necessary to change the antenna existing UHF, except in limited cases. On the other hand, the TNT requires, with its launching, the use of a Décodeur TNT (demodulator of numerical reception for analogical television), this decoder injects an analogical signal in STAKE or SECAM or RVB (analogical Solution offering best quality, requires a cable Péritel entirely cabled) on the receiver. Numerical frame television sets with tuner DVB-T integrated are also available and will spread with the wire of time, to also see tuners TNT USB or TNT NCV in the data-processing field.

It is not necessary to change a television set Analogique using a Terminal DVB-T but with the detriment of a connection analogical Vidéo, in this case the system functions only numerically partial since only the reception is numerically and not posting (However certain decoders can leave numerically thanks to a catch DVI or HDMI (compatible thanks to an adapter), if the TV is numerical (LCD or Plasma) and has a catch HDMI and/or DVI this solution must be privileged), data-processing tuners TNT USB are for example completely numerical.

Inventory of fixtures by country

Germany

In certain areas like Berlin, it is already the era of the numerical whole. The following cities are well covered (May 2007): Munich, Dusseldorf, Cologne, Bonn, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Leipzig, Hanover, Lubeck, Bremen, Saarbrucken, Stuttgart, Kassel and Wurzbourg. In the areas of Munster, Aachen, Magdeburg, Managed, Dresden, Augsburg, Ulm, Constance and Freiburg-in-Brisgau launching is planned for 2007.

Following the starting of digital terrestrial television, analogical transmitters are put except service in favor of the new numerical diffusion. The two public numerical bouquets, ARD.digital and ZDFvision are present in all Länder, with more than 77 numerical transmitters (state at the end of July 2007). Some remote regions persist because of the renunciation of many transmitters of filling noncompatible with the standard DVB-T. The private terrestrial numerical bouquets RTL Group-Bouquet and ProSiebenSat.1 are established in the great agglomerations like Berlin and Munich.

As an indication, here the list of the chains available in the Saar via the transmitter of Saarbrucken:

  • ARD
  • ZDF
  • SR
  • 3 Sat
  • arte
  • SWR
  • WDR
  • Hr
  • phoenix
  • Eins more
  • Kika/Zdf.doku
  • ZDF information
  • Saar TV
    • Tele
  • 5
  • QVC

Australia

Australia followed the English model, but started later; the territory to be covered is important, then in several areas one still waits.

Belgium

RTBF (the French Community) has lance officially the November 30th 2007 its numerical television offer terrestrial in test since 2006. Offer TNT of the RTBF includes/understands programs TV (the One, Both, Three and Euronews) and radio (the First, Vivacité, Musiq' 3, Classic21 and Pure FM) like BRF1.

The area of Brussels is covered by a transmitter located since the site of the RTBF on the Administrative Lathe of the State (close to the Botanical garden) like by the transmitter of Wavre. The network was then supplemented by the transmitters of Tournai (March 30th 2006), of Anderlues (October 2006), of Profondeville (November 2006) and of Namur (December 2006). All these transmitters are in SFN on channel 56 (754 MHz). Since November 2006, the transmitters of Léglise, Liege and Walk-in-Famenne (December 2006) diffuse also the TNT but on channel 66 (834 MHz).

The cover is of 80% in the French Community.

BeTV (ex-Canal+) emits numerically on channel 55 with Brussels via a not very powerful transmitter (7/11/2006). The chains available into encrypted are: Be 1, Be Movies, Be Series, Be Sport 1, Be Sport 2.

A report/ratio of Belgian SCUMS preached the sales launch of the TNT in the French Community on January 1st 2008 following the release of the analogical frequencies of BeTV rented previously under its old name Canal+ Belgium and whose contract binding it to the RTBF is completed the December 31st 2007 (see).

VRT (the Flemish Community) lays out since the May 31st 2004 of an integral cover in TNT (DVB-T) (see) with transmitters on the following frequencies: Antwerp channel 59 (778 MHz), Egem channel 40 (626 MHz), Brussels channel 22 (482 MHz) and Genk channel 41 (634 MHz). The bouquet takes again for the moment the two public channels Eén and Ketnet/Canvas and the programs digital radio: Radio 1, Radio 2, Klara, Klara continuo, Gave, Donna Hitbits, Studio Brussel, Sporza and Nieuws+ (radio news buckles uninterrupted). The extinction of the analogical frequencies is planned for 2008.

Since 2006, the two public television channels Eén and Ketnet/Canvas are available on the cellphones via the standard DVB-H.

Canada

In 2004, the terrestrial numerical TV is far from widespread with the Canada; the first to be made use of it was CITY-TV with Toronto starting from an antenna at the top of the Tour CN. One uses the American system there ATSC. The high penetration rate of the analogical and numerical cable as well as the presence of direct diffusion per satellite (Express train Considering and Star Choice) presents a challenge of size for digital terrestrial television.

CRTC recently announced the passage on television numerical from here August 2011. To finance this transition, the organization will withdraw the 12 minutes limit per hour of publicity imposed to the télédiffuseurs, from here 2009.

Charged with making apply the law of the 2006 envisaging the complete stop of the diffusions analogical NTSC to the February 17th 2009, FCC ( Federal Communications Commission ) founded an imposing mandate, since March 1st 2007, that any apparatus of tele reception produces or imported in the United States for the sale is able to receive the terrestrial numeric signals. For the consumer, it also envisages the distribution of goods of reduction of 40$ (up to 2 per hearth) for the purchase of a decoder ATSC starting from January 2008.

With the April 2nd 2007, 1702 television broadcast stations on the American territory (approximately 98,8% of the stations) received enabled them to build or emit numerically. A total of 1603 stations diffuse already in digital format.

Spain

In the year 2000 was launched in Spain a profitable platform of digital terrestrial television, Quiero TV. Not having reached profitability necessary, Quiero TV stopped its diffusions on June 30th, 2002.

June 30th, 2005 the TDT was started again with the emission of chains in simulcast (emission of the same programming into analogical and) and with the appearance of new purely numerical chains. TVE was seen allotting three numerical channels in addition to the duplication of its two analogical chains, and each of the four operators of private analogical hertzian television was seen attibué, in addition to the duplication of its signal numerically, two other frequencies.

  • national chains:

    • Televisión Española S.A.: Will precede It TVE (also into analogical), the 2 of TVE (also into analogical), Canal 24 Horas, Clan TVE and Teledeporte.
    • Antena 3 Televisión, S.A.: Antena 3 (also into analogical), Antena.neox and Antena.nova.
    • Sogecable : Cuatro (also into analogical), CNN+, 40 Latino.
    • Gestevisión Telecinco, S.A.: Telecinco (also into analogical), Telecinco Sport, Telecinco Estrellas.
    • Sexta: Sexta (also into analogical), Hogar 10.

    • Veo TV: Veo TV, Sony Entertainment Television in Veo and Tienda in Veo.

    • Net TV: Net TV, Fly Music.

  • chains of the the Autonomous Communities (areas):

each area decides number and distribution private public/but in general the areas have two public televisions and two private televisions.

  • local televisions:

each area is divided into zones (which can gather several communes). In each of the zones, 4 or 8 television channels (eight chains in the case of zones very inhabited like Madrid, Barcelona, Valence, etc) will emit is a public channel belonging to the town hall or the town halls and three or seven other private local chains.

End 2005 80% of the population received the signal of the TDT, 90% will be covered fine 2008 and 95% (98% for TVE) should receive the signal at the time of the outage of the analog network.

France

See also: French Digital terrestrial television

In France, the Digital terrestrial television (TNT) in MPEG-2 was deployed the March 31st 2005, in some cities, after having been several times delayed by difficulties as much political than technical. The deployment for the chains with toll which must employ the standard MPEG-4 AVC (reception in mobile and possibility of TVHD) is launched in March 2006. A first experimentation of the high-definition by the TNT was launched in June 2006 in Paris, Lyon and Marseilles, with the diffusion in particular of Roland Garros or of the Football world cup. The Netgem company was the first to market a decoder TNT HD, necessary to receive these programs in high-definition. In the long term, towards 2008, 75 to 80% of the televiewers will be able to profit from the TNT in France, initially in the most populated zones.

The Strategic committee for the numerical one, inaugurated by Jacques Chirac the May 4th 2006, envisages the complete passage of the territory (except for certain border zones) with the TNT at the latest the November 30th 2011, the analog network (SECAM standard L or It) will be extinguished and its capacities allocated with an extension with new chains. Evolutions of the standards of compression allowing to multiply the number of diffused chains or (if an economic equation is found as well side terminals as diffusion), to improve their quality (TVHD, relief, etc).

the 18 free channels (May 2005):

  1. TF1

  2. France 2
  3. France 3 (with regional unhookings)
  4. Canal+ (in light)
  5. France 5
  6. M6
  7. Direct Arte
  8. 8
  9. W9
  10. TMC
  11. NT1
  12. NRJ 12
  13. LCP
  14. France 4
  15. BFM TV
  16. I-TV
  17. Europe 2 TV
  18. Gulli

paying chains :

Let us note that since on Thursday, September 13, 2007 of the local chains made their appearance on the French TNT:

  • TLM in Lyon http://www.tlm.fr/

  • TLT in Toulouse http://www.teletoulouse.com/Idx.asp
  • TV7 Bordeaux http://www.tv7bordeaux.fr/
  • LCM in Marseilles http://www.lachainemarseille.fr/accueil.php
  • Clermont First in Clermont-Ferrand http://www.clermont1ere.com/
  • TV8 Mont Blanc in Annecy and Chambéry http://www.tv8montblanc.com/fre_FR/accueil.php
  • Nantes 7 and Télénantes in Nantes http://www.telenantes.com/pages/telenantes.php
  • 7L in Montpellier (in the course of creation)
  • TV Rennes 35 in Rennes http://www.tvrennes35.fr/index2.php
  • Orleans TV in Orleans http://www.orleanstv.fr/?id=910
  • Channel 8 Mans http://www.canal8lemans.com/
  • TéléGrenoble in Grenoble http://www.telegrenoble.net/?id=1
  • TV Towers with Turns http://www.tvtours.fr
  • Cityzen TV in Caen http://www.cityzentv.com
  • Angers 7 in Angers (in the course of creation)
  • IBP TV in Issoudun, http://www.bip-tv.fr
  • Channel 32 in Troyes http://www.canal32.fr/

For the Ile de France, since September 13rd France O is present and will be accompanied by Seine Side, IDF 1 and LTF.

A fifth channel will be divided between Demain IDF, BDM TV, Cinaps TV and Télé Bottle but the diffusion will take place at the end of the year

Luxembourg

As from the April 4th 2006, the pylon of Dudelange-Ginzeberg diffuses a bouquet of nine chains belonging to RTL Group which will be joined by several other Luxembourg programs.

The following programs are diffused numerically terrestrial:

  • UHF Channel 24: Multiplexing Belgium/Netherlands diffusing RTL-TVI, Club RTL, Plug TV, RTL 4, RTL 5 and RTL 7.
  • UHF Channel 27: Luxembourg multiplexing diffusing RTL Tele Lëtzebuerg and Den 2. RTL.
  • VHF Channel 7: Multiplexing Luxembourg/Lorraine/Netherlands diffusing M6 and Luxury TV diffusion envisaged first fortnight of November (for Luxembourg and the Moselle) and RTL 8 (since the 8/20/2007 for the Netherlands).

RTL9 remains diffused into analogical (channel 21) on the transmitting Dudelange until the beginning of 2008. Indeed, the chain awaited a massive diffusion of the TNT in Lorraine before diffusing in DVB-T, because to emit in the 2 formats is expensive!

Morocco

Digital terrestrial television was launched in February 2007 in the towns of Casablanca, Rabat, Fès, Meknès, Tangier, Oujda and Marrakech what accounts for 54% of the population. In June, it will be with the turn of the towns of Agadir, Laâyoune, Figuig, Tétouan and Nador to profit from the TNT, which will change the cover to 74% of the population.

The free bouquet comprises the 2 hertzian chains RTM and 2M as of new chains created by SNRT (Moroccan Public television) at the time of the arrival of the TNT (these chains have been already available for a few months on the satellite Hot Bird 7A): Arriadia (sport), Arrabia (" the 4e" , cultural chain) and Assadissa (" the 6e" , religious chain). Other chains could arrive thereafter like in particular Médi 1 Sat (available on the satellite Hot Bird 7A).

Other evolutions are to be awaited, in particular the possibility of looking at the TNT since its mobile phone (even if the standards DVB-H and T-DMB were not quoted).

The United Kingdom

The TNT is present at the the United Kingdom since 1998 under the name of OnDigital and 2001 ITV DIGITAL. Since the bankruptcy of ITV DIGITAL, the TNT was started again the October 30th 2002 under the name of Freeview. The bouquet, diffused in light, is composed of about thirty television channels and a score of radios. A paying bouquet called Top Up TV is also available. It gathers a dozen additional chains.

Switzerland

The TNT in Switzerland is operational since 2003, initially with the Tessin then since April 19th, 2005 on television in the basin lemanic via in particular the channel 34V of the transmitter of Gingins - Barillette, so known under the name of Pares It , (BY ~ 7.9kW) and of the Mount Salève (channel 36V, BY ~ 1.9kW).

With the Tessin and in Engadine, digital terrestrial television definitively replaced analogical television respectively since July 24th, 2006 on television as of 12:45 and since November 13rd, 2006 on television.

The network of transmitters it is also developed in the remainder of the Suisse and in particular in French-speaking Switzerland in preparation for the final stopping of analogical television in this area on June 25th, 2007 on television as of 14:00 (Chablais of Vaud and Valais excluded). Some places remain however still covered by analogical transmitters, as in the the Jura where the transmitter of the Ordons should probably remain active until October for stage with an unsatisfactory cover numerically.

The stopping of the analogical transmitters in German-speaking Switzerland is envisaged on November 26th, 2007 on television and the inhabitants of Were worth and of Chablais of Vaud should see the analogical transmitters dying out on February 25th, 2008 on television. With this there, Switzerland entirely and will be only covered numerically (except for the private transmitters).

Technical side the network is mainly in SFN. Certain transmitters currently in MFN could be modified to be transformed into SFN. Contrary to the transmitters analogical, the polarization of the signal is primarily vertical. That can require an adaptation of the antenna. In the difficult areas like Tessin or Were worth it, several transmitters are in horizontal polarization. The large official sites public do not give this information inevitably. For the French-speaking Switzerland, this information can be found at RegardTV.

The transmission of the multiplexing SRG Swiss SR idea in 16 QAM is famous more robust than 64 QAM “French”. The Swiss national chains can thus be received more easily and even with antenna S of interior in certain areas. The mobile reception is in theory also possible. The negative side of the Swiss TNT is that only 4 free channels are diffused, that is to say nearly 5 times less than in France. The following site (noncommercial) contains specific information relating to the Swiss TNT: www.2222.ch.

Chains diffused according to the linguistic areas:

The chains lay out all of the Télétexte, the bi-channel (French version/original version on the TSR for example) and, in theory, of EPG (not of EPG on TSI 1 in French-speaking Switzerland). No radio is diffused on these multiplex.

Apart from SRG Swiss SR idea, there exist two private networks of TNT in Switzerland: TeleRätia AG (TRAG) in the Grison and Valaiscom Diginet (ZVO). They are located in alpine areas where few villages are cabled. Thus, this terrestrial diffusion avoids the expensive installation of a Cable network. However, the majority of the chains available are encrypted and accessible only by subscription (approximately 40 CHF/mois) via a decoder provided with a smart card. These operators offer also radios in the diffused multiplexings.

TNT on the cable

Foreword, it can acts, according to the distributer, well of the distribution of the chains of the TNT and not of the TNT as a standard and a technique of diffusion.

Since January 15th, 2007, the industrial services of the town of Lausanne placed at the disposal, in first Switzerland, a completely free offer (except cost of purchase of the receiver) of digital television in standard DVB-T on its cable network (Téléréseau). The interest for this technology it is quickly widespread with the other téléréseaux ones. At present, the following companies all, based in the Canton of Vaud, propose chains in DVB-T on their networks:

The offer is identical on all the téléréseaux participants and consists of about thirty chains:

TSR 1, TSR 2, TF1, France 2, France 3, France 4, France 5, M6 Suisse, Arte, Gulli, NT1, Europe 2 TV, NRJ 12, Direct 8, BFM TV, France 24, RTBF Sat, TV8 Mont Blanc, SF1, SF zwei, SF information, ARD, RTL, Sat.1 Schweiz, CNBC Europe, BBC Precedes, BBC World, CNN, Record TV, Al Jazeera, RTP Internacional, TSI 1, TSI 2, Rai Uno and Rai Due.

Tests for a diffusion of chains of High definition television were led in the current of the month of April 2007 (with in particular the chain Luxe.TV, and the téléréseaux ones hope to be able to diffuse chains like TF1 HD, M6 HD and probably HD Suisse from here the end of the year.

These offers propose an alternative to the monopoly of digital television by cable hitherto a41dernier $c-b1, e,10 $c-b26 ce $c-b16 $c-b43, bn,84 held, in most of Switzerland, by Cablecom. This continuous company to diffuse in parallel on these networks an offer in standard DVB-C.

Frontier overflows

Grace or because of the inevitable technical overflows, and the situation of the transmitter of Barillette on the peaks of the the Jura of Vaud (Dimension Z, is altitude + height: ~ 1640 m) the signals overflow of the Swiss borders and can be received, on the released sites, with antennas adapted UHF, sometimes equipped with a preamplifier, in Savoy, part of the East of the Burgundy and South-west of the Franche-Comté, and certain sites around Lyon. One notes however 2 dead angles (often impossible reception), in the north of Lyon, between Anse and Lugny and in the East, between Satolas and Abrets.

Since June 25th, 2007, the the Jura, the Franche-Comté, Savoy and part of the Dauphiné only receive SR normalizes DVB-T of it. The reception is always carried out by the transmitter of Barillette, but in vertical polarization on channel 34. One can perfectly receive this channel in the Massif of Vercors, on a plate located at the top of Autrans with a portable receiver TNT.

  • possible Zones of reception of the TSR in France.

See too

References

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