Barbaresque

The barbaresque is a operative Pirate in the Mediterranean basin after the Moslem Conquête carried out until in the grounds of the Iberian peninsula; the Mediterranean becomes then vast a Moslem lake under this naval supremacy.

The duration of their activity on Mare Nostrum such as it can be described since the the first times of Islam (see this paragraph), then is associated with the terrestrial conquest of the Moslems who, once the Iberian peninsula taken, launch incursions in Septimanie then take cities in Provence.

It is only by the second phase of the colonial era that the European powers will put an end to the barbaresque pirates, operative from cities of the South of the Mediterranean meanwhile last under Othoman domination (see this paragraph).

Etymology

Adj. and name; vx or hist. Which has report/ratio with the countries formerly indicated under the name of Barbarie (North Africa). See also " Berber ".

the Barbaresque word , old name, indicates as well:

a geographical surface which corresponds roughly to the current Maghreb, known under the name of Côte of Barbaresque the
that one quite precise historical period in time since it is about the Othoman period which for Algeria for example runs over one period of 1516, arrived of the Barberrousse brothers in Algiers until 1830 roughly.

This word as well designates the corsairs and sailors originating in this geographical surface which it indicates the inhabitants of the Maghreb.

This term not very precise barbaresque is, it should it be specified, a pejorative name following the example term buckwheat which indicated as well with the European Middle Ages, the Arabs as the Berber ones of Spain. But it reflected also the reality of the fate far from enviable which was made Christians who fell between the hands from the pirates at the time of the raids, and finished their lives like slaves in the bagnes of Algiers or Tunis.

See also the article Vocabulary of the crusades.

The first times of Islam

Enclaves of Provence

Two wearing of Provence are taken by the impetuous barbaresque ones, which carry out then Razzia S on the coasts around. They are local popular risings coming from the interior of the grounds which drive out them.

Majorque

The port is a large den for the Piraterie, plundering on several occasions the coasts of Provence. They are the Catalans carried out by Jaime primero Conquistador according to the name practiced by the Spanish Historiographie, which takes the island at the time of the Conquête of Majorque. Then begin the time of the domination of the catalano-Aragonese Couronne, gesture which will carry out them in Sardinia, Sicily, then Naples and finally with the foundation of two duchies (Athens and Néopatrie) rested by mercenaries expelled by the king of Sicily after the catch of the island! (it feared the exactions, with reason).

Sicily

Their domination ends with the arrival of the Normands which found a kingdom there tolerating them; is carried out there a transfer between the two people in particular bringing of considerable progresses in the field Cartographique (see the biography of Al Idrissi).

The Maghreb

The ports of Ceuta and Melilla grouillent the barbaresque avid ones of richnesses.

The Christian Occident then compares the places to the Côte of barbaresque the; with the image left by the Vandals with Carthage near the sunken Christian historiographers with Byzance, this coast does not have any more the dimension.

These cities will play a part until the end of the Reconquista, since potentates which reigned there were frequently in war against the Nasrides of the emirate of Grenade. Strategic alliances do not hold any account of the binary confrontation of which one could think while taking refuge in over-simplification: the Grenadians are combined with the Gênois to fight battle to these two cities, which are united with the Castilians for the periods of interruption of the bond of vassalage between Nasrides and king de Castille and of Aragon.

These two cities are today an enclave of the Spain in territory Morocco Ain, including/understanding a specific border zone.

Othoman period

Become home bases of the caravans of prisoners for the seraglios, the cities of the South of the Mediterranean since passed under Othoman domination because of the development of the Turkish empire on the Monde arabo-Moslem. These cities become the last hearths of piracy practiced by the Moslems in the Mediterranean and this until the 19th century. The economic development of these cities related to the activity of piracy over very a long period of time can from a certain point of view compare them to Kleptocratie S operative on the Mediterranean basin.

This period will end with the hegemonic takeover of the European powers corresponding to the second phase of the colonial era, during which these countries install on the Maghreb countries a colonial supervision.

Associated with these military operations, the the United States know two known episodes of their naval military history under the name of:

- " war of the coast of the barbaresques" (), (1801-1805)
- " war algérienne" (), (1815)

These operations remain in the memory as one of the first feats of arms of the body of the Navy.

Distinction

note :.
Neither the pirates operating in the Eastern Mediterranean, the such corsair Khayr AD-DIN Barberousse (time of Soliman the Magnificent), nor the galères of the Janissaire S of the Turkish empire were the barbaresque ones.

See too

the Mediterranean world in XIIe century
Treats Moslem
Côte of Barbaresque the
Histoire of Barbaresque the, test historiographic over the period
Pierre André de Suffren

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