Bangladesh

The Bangladesh (in Bengali বাংলােদশ meaning literally the country of the Bengal) is a country of South Asia located at the north of the Bay of Bengal, almost wedged in the India, with a small common border with the Myanmar. Before 1971, it constituted the “Eastern Pakistan”.

The essence of Bangladesh is occupied by the delta of the Gange and the Brahmapoutra. It is a plain fertile but prone to the floods and over-populated. With more 1  000  hab/km ², Bangladesh is the country densément populated world, if some city-States are excluded. It is also one of the poorest countries of Asia.

History

See also: Contenu=Articles detailed: [[History of Bangladesh]], [[History of Pakistan]], [[History of Pakistan (1947-1971)]] and [[History of India]], [[History of India (before 1947)]]

Policy

See also: Political of Bangladesh

In 1975, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - the father of independence - is assassinated. Following a series of coups d'etat, the general Ziaur Rahman reaches the capacity in 1977 and opens the way with the democratization of the country, but he is assassinated in his turn in 1981. It will have to be waited until 1991 so that Bangladesh becomes a parliamentary democracy.

During fifteen last years, the post of Prime Minister was alternatively occupied by two women: Khaleda Zia, widow of Ziaur Rahman, 1991 to 1996, then of 2001 to 2006, and Sheikh Hasina, girl of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, 1996 to 2001.

The political principal parties are the nationalist Parti Bangladesh (BNP), the Ligue Awami (Al), the Parti Jatiya (JP), the islamist party Jamaat-e-Islami (JAMAAT) and the Communist party of Bangladesh (CPB).

Bangladesh is member of the the Commonwealth since its independence. It was allowed with the the United Nations in 1974. Bangladesh is also member of the World Trade organization (OMC).

Subdivisions

See also: Divisions of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is organized in Divisions (bibhags, বিভাগ), Districts (zila or jela, জেলা), Upazila or Thana (the successive governments re-elect the units by one or the other term), Paridshad and villages . The six principal administrative divisions are, of north to the south, Râjshâhî, Dhâkâ, Sylhet, Khulnâ, Barisâl and Chittagong.

Dhâkâ is the capital of the country and more the big city, the other big cities are Chittagong, Rajshahi, and Khulna.

Geography

See also: Geography of Bangladesh

With horse on the Tropic of Cancer, Bangladesh has a climate of the tropical type with one soft winter from October at March, a hot and wet summer from March to June, and Mousson S from June to October. Natural disasters, such as the Flood S, the tropical cyclones, the Tornado S, and the Raz-de-marée touch the country practically every year. To that are added the effects of deforestation, the impoverishment of the soil and erosion.

Economy

See also: Economy of Bangladesh

In spite of the efforts of the international community and domestic to improve the economic conditions, Bangladesh remains a very poor country. More half of GDP comes from the service sector, but close to the 2/3 of Bangladais are employed in the agricultural sector, the Riz being the principal culture.

Demography

See also: Demography of Bangladesh

Except the very small countries such as Singapore and Bahrain, Bangladesh is the country densément populated in the world. Country, with 1  023 inhabitants with the km ², is often compared with the island Indonesia of Java.

Almost the whole of the inhabitants of Bangladesh are Bengali (98% of the population). The minorities are nonBengali people Musulman S from India and populations of Langues alive my-Khmer and tibéto-Burmeses in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the division of Sylhet.

The great majority of the population speaks the Bengali - official language about the country; English however is accepted in the administrative tasks and the education system. The Islamic religion represents 83  % of the population, followed by the hindouism which does not count less 16  % of Bangladeshi.

The population of Bangladesh is estimated at approximately 147  million inhabitants. In 1992, the government started to promote the birth control to slow down the population growth, without much success. A great part of the population is without ground.

To designate the total population of Bangladesh, namely the Bengali and the others, one speaks about Bangladeshi or, more rarely, about Bangladais .

Religion

Bangladesh is the fourth Moslem country more populated in the world with 125  million practitioners. The Hindouisme is the second major religion representing about 10  % of the population. The animists, Buddhists and Christians constitute the remainder of the population.

Culture

See also: Culture of Bangladesh

Bangladesh counts eleven bank holidays distributed on the calendars Gregorian, Moslem and Bengali.

Others

See also: alphabetical Index of the Indian world, Theme index of the Indian world

Quelques figures on Bangladesh in 2005

Population: 147.365.352 inhabitants (is. 2006). 0-14 years: 32,9%; 15-64 years: 63,6%; + 65 years: 3,5%
Surface: 144.000 km ²
Density: 1.023 hab. /km ²
(2006) Land borders: 4.246 km (India 4.053 km; Burma 193 km)
Littoral: 580 km
Ends of altitude: 0 m > + 1.230 m
Life expectancy of the men: 62 years (in 2006)
Life expectancy of the women: 62 years (in 2006)
Growth rate of the population: 2,09% (in 2006)
Birth rate: 29,8 ‰ (in 2006)
Death rate: 8,27 (in 2006)
infantile Death rate: 60,83 ‰ (in 2006)
Fertility rate: 3,11 children/woman (in 2006)
Rate of migration: - 0,68 ‰ (in 2006)
Independence: December 16th 1971 (Separation of Western Pakistan)
Telephone lines: 831.000 (in 2004)
Cellphones: 2.781.600 (in 2004)
Radios: 6,15 million (in 1997)
Television stations: 770.000 (in 1997)
Users of Internet: 300.000 (in 2005)
Many suppliers of access Internet: 10 (in 2000)
Roads: 239.226 km (including 22.726 tarred km) (in 2003)
Railways: 2.768 km (in 2005)
inland Waterways: 8.372 km
Many airports: 16 (including 15 with tarred tracks) (in 2005)

Codes

Bangladesh has as codes:
  • S2 according to the List of prefixes ICAO of registration of the aircraft,
  • VG,
  • data base,

See too

External bonds

  • Banglapedia: Encyclopedia on Bangladesh

  • Card on Bangladesh with charts

Online news

  • The independent
  • News from Bangladesh
  • The Bangladesh Observer

Beats-smg: Banglodešas Be-X-old: Бангладэш Simple: Bangladesh Zh-min-nan: Bangladesh

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