Banbury

Geography

Mittelhausen is a village of the area traditionally called Kochersberg, i.e. this large corrugated plate covered with fertile Lœss which extends between:

the valley of the Zorn in north,
the valley of the Beetle in the south,
slopes of Hausbergen in the east,
under-Vosgean hills in the west.

Mittelhausen niche more particularly in the septentrional fringe of Kochersberg :

on left bank of Vierbrückgraben,
with the feet of Vorderenberg, Wolfsberg, Galgenberg and the hill of Hohatzenheim.

The loess , this ground transported in the form of dust deposited by strong winds blowing of the east towards the west at the end of the two last glaciations (Glaciation of Riss and Glaciation of Würm) between 200.000 and 10.000 years before Jesus-Christ, does not cover the totality of the round of applause of Mittelhausen. Indeed, the funds and the slopes of the small valleys of Ebrückgraben, Vierbrückgraben and Ungerbruchgraben present a more muddy ground coming from the rehandling of the loess by streaming and deterioration.

Prehistory

As of the first prehistoric times, with the Paleolithic (paleolithic age), the site of Mittelhausen was a crossing point between the valley of the the Rhine and the the Vosges. The fords of the Rhine of the area of Gambsheim and Offendorf made it possible to communicate with the area of Brumath by going up the small valleys of the many rivers which ran west towards the east. Thus, the site of Mittelhausen largely opened:

in the east towards the Rhenish valley while following the lower course of the Zorn or the course of another Affluent of the Rhine whose Vierbrückgraben is a remainder. Before the digging of the Channel of the Marne in the Rhine, water of the Vierbrückgraben was thrown indeed directly in the Rhine.
in the west towards the Vosges while passing by the areas of Marmoutier, Marlenheim, Wasselonne, Kirchheim or those of Hohfrankenheim, Duntzenheim.

The Mesolithic (10 000 to 5.300 before Jesus-Christ) is one transitional period which extends from the end of the last glaciation (that of Würm) and the arrival by the east from the first sedentary farmers. The wandering prehistoric man, hunter of animals and wild fruit gatherer, probably traverse our still uninhabited regions. A plate of flint characteristic of this period was found with the place known as Gaensaeckern , in the west of the agglomeration in direction of the Vosges.

With the Neolithic (neolithic age from 5.300 to 2.200 before Jesus-Christ), a community of farmer-stockbreeders come by the fords from the Rhine and the small valleys from its affluents, was sédentarisée on the loess like grounds near the rivers named nowadays Vierbrückgraben, Ebrückgraben and Ungerbruchgraben . Indeed, of the axe-hammers out of polished stone , of the tools used by these tribes was discovered in edge of the way carrying out towards Gougenheim, shortly after the junction towards Hohatzenheim.

With the age of copper (2.200 to 1.800 before Jesus-Christ) no archaeological discovery was made in the surroundings of the village. That can be explained by the fact why the tools coppers some (one of the first known metals) were re-used for the manufacture of objects out of bronze, an alloy of copper and tin.

With the Bronze Age (1 800 to 750 before Jesus-Christ) of other tribes, of the Protoceltes , also come from the east and the forest of Haguenau, the neighborhoods and in particular the forest of Brumath and that of the Hardt occupy, today in the round of applause of Wingersheim.

With the age of iron (750 to 58 before Jesus-Christ), of the mediomatric Celtes occupies the site of the village of Mittelhausen. pits with waste that these people dug near their dwellings were discovered with the localities Ebrück and Wittumshub . In the plain, Brumath is then an important crossroads of transportation routes and fulfills a function of agricultural market . On a height, close to the collar of Saverne , these people mediomatric had placed his administrative center in a protected place. The enclosing wall of this important Oppidum makes blocks of stones and intersected beams of wood then connected enters by long iron nails, reached a 4,50 meters height on several kilometers. This administrative and especially defensive site was to impress possible attackers come from the plain. Another site height, that of Donon was used as place of worship and pilgrimage attended at the same time by the close Médiomatriques and the other Celtic people (Leuques and Séquanes).

In Alsace, the Celts or the people close to Celtic civilization (Protoceltes) did not know the writing yet but the Greeks and the Romans who them knew the writing, spoke about the Celts in their writings. This is why it would be necessary to locate the Bronze Age and the age of iron in the Protohistoire . In simpler: when people do not write but that one speaks about him in written documents, it is Protohistoire

History

At the time of the Roman and the Médiomatriques

In conflict with the Eduens (Celtic people bench in Burgundy), Séquanes call upon neighbors of Right Bank of the Rhine (Suèves, Triboques, Némètes…) who are grouped under the control of a single chief. This coalition led by Arioviste, chief of Suèves, fills his contract by beating Eduens. But once in Alsace, these people Germanic farmers want to remain there and even increase their territories at the expense in particular of Séquanes and their neighbors Helvètes.

To put an end to these ambitions, Jules César , Roman war leader, intervene at the request of Séquanes and drive back the troops of Arioviste beyond the Rhine in year 58 before Jesus-Christ. To keep the border of the Rhine, the Romains however authorize the Triboques to remain in Low-Alsace. Triboques settle in the area of Brumath-Haguenau and thus push back the mediomatric tribes towards the backone and Alsace Bossue. Brumath (Brocomagus) becomes chief town of the administrative City of Triboques and thereafter capital of the Romans while the chief town of Médiomatriques is transferred to Metz. Triboques, though coming from Right Bank of the Rhine, tolerate of Médiomatriques maintained and put under supervision. Thereafter, of new arrivals, the civils servant, the merchants, the colonists… coming from areas already strongly romanized (Italy, Greece…) are integrated gradually in the territory of Triboques and this mixture of Mediterranean contributions with the funds native then gives rise to little by little a way of living which one could describe as civilization gallo-germano-Roman.

Does an indigenous mediomatric tribe, on the spot remained, continue to exploit the grounds on the site of Mittelhausen? This site is it in this time:

the seat of a farm (a mediomatric villa) integrated in the Roman economic system and, so one of the attics with cereals of the Brumath capital and its important population estimated between 8 at 10.000 inhabitants?

a strategic site on the passage of a East-West way of circulation in particular allowing to import salt coming from Lorraine (area of Marsal/Vic-on-Pail)? It is estimated indeed that at the time one needed approximately 50 kilograms of salt per annum and per capita.

A tower of guet on the heights of the hill of Hohatzenheim and a Roman Camp near the old way between Mittelhausen and Donnenheim-Bilwisheim would then have made it possible to supervise at the same time the work of the mediomatric plebs and circulation on the two transverse ways Brumath-Mittelhausen-Wasselonne and Brumath-Mittelhausen-Hohfrankenheim in direction of the Vosges. Difficult to be affirmative in the absence of archaeological evidence but, these assumptions deserve to be evoked. They would make it possible to explain:

1. etymology of " Mediovilla" , first hard copy of the name of the village.

Villa = a farm

Medio = on a territory mediomatric or exploited by of Médiomatriques

2. the presence of évêché of Metz in Hohatzenheim and Mittelhausen as of the first times of christianization: Metz being the capital of the City of Médiomatriques and more tardily, about the middle of the Life century, the capital of the kingdom mérovingien of Austrasie. The etymology of Metz derives besides from Mediomatricis transformed into Mettis then Metz.

3. establishment of small castles to Hohatzenheim (attested in XIVe century) and in Mittelhausen (attested in XVe century) at the time of the flourishing period of the exploitation of Lorraine salt. A locality " Salzweg" (way of salt), close to the current ruin of the castle of Mittelhausen, incites to explore and check these assumptions.

Incursions of Alamans

The Alamans, established on Right Bank of the Rhine and remote successors of Suèves, proceed as of years 233-234 to harassings, incursions and devastate our regions on several occasions. Not being able to prevent these incursions, the Romans call upon them as mercenaries or, punctually, to occupy of the abandoned grounds. In 325, a new Germanic coalition ordered by the king alaman Chnodomarius crosses the Rhine to seize the grounds and to remain there. Vis-a-vis these increasingly pressing and many invasions, the Roman Emperors decide to intervene personally. Thus, the César Julien intervenes during the summer of year 356.

While referring to a Latin text of Am Marcellin, eyewitness of the event, we learn that coming from Saverne and crossing the covered ripe corn hills, the Roman army of Julien moved towards the forest of Brumath-Stephansfeld and the positions of Alamans which held the road axis connecting these two agglomerations. The route of the Roman army passed then probably by Duntzenheim, Hohfrankenheim, Mittelhausen. Surprised by subtle and discrete Roman operation of diversion and skirting, Alamans are taken reverse and out of clipper. Many is done prisoners, others are killed and the remainder of the coalition finds its safety in the escape.

the Romans give up and Alamans remain

After good of other battles, in particular that in the west of Argentoratum (Strasbourg) in 357 and that of Argentovaria (Horbourg in the east of Colmar) in 377 against the invaders, the Roman defensive system crumbles into 406-407 and our region falls definitively to the hands from Alamans.

Mittelhausen in Alémanie

the kingdom of Alémanie

After the abandonment of Alsace by the Romans, our area belongs to the Royaume of Alémanie which existed since the end of IIIe century. Seeking to increase their territories, Alamans run up against the Francs, another Germanic Peuple established more in north of Alsace. Towards the end of Ve century, Clovis, king of the Francs Mérovingiens, beats Alamans in definitively 496 with Tolbiac.

the duchy of Alémanie

Alamans pushed back towards the south must be satisfied of a Duché under franque domination. Clovis, thanks to the support of the incipient Church, becomes Master of almost all Gaulle by successively beating the other Germanic kingdoms of which that of the Burgondes. In Alsace, the speeches and the ways of living Francs and of Alamans spread and take root. It is the birth of the dialect Alsacien.

a cemetery mérovingien

In the south of the village, with the localities Ueberjohn/Uberjoch (i.e. beyond the way) and Schelmengrube (i.e. the pit of the torture victims) on both sides of an old transportation route directed of is in west, of the East-West also directed human bones were updated. Archaeological furniture discovered makes it possible to affirm that they are tombs of the country poor or torture victims of the time mérovingienne.

Mittelhausen in Austrasie

With died of Clovis into 511, its four sons divide the kingdom. That of the east i.e. the Austrasie, extends from the Meuse to the the Danube and Metz becomes about it the capital under king Théodebert Ier from 534. Various kings d' Austrasie adapt important territories in Alsace; the large forests of the Vosges and the plain as certain vast domains of arable lands belong to them. The fields of Scharrachbergheim-Irmstett, of Kirchheim, Marlenheim belong to them and are used to them even as main home. Other mérovingiens fields extend to Brumath, in Koenigshoffen… with Mittelhausen where noble called a Aldricus has in 757 goods in freehold. Mittelhausen enters the written history then when Aldricus makes donation of its " field; Mediovilla " with the Benedictine abbey of Wissembourg. It is the first mention written of the name of the village .

At the same time, this abbey of Wissembourg had received many other donations in the surroundings of Mittelhausen:

Chrodoltesvilla (Krautwiller) in 742
Danonevilla (Donnenheim) in 774
Azinheim (Hohatzenheim) in 787.

The abbey of Wissembourg had thus more than 150 villas of which a score in Alsace. Each villa was for the abbey a small administrative unit having at its head a mayor ( der Meier ) who fulfilled the role of intendant and directed his peasants in the agricultural activities of the farm.

This mayor of Mediovilla or one of his descendants was he an ancestor of the knights " von Mittelhausen" ?

This donation of Aldricus could be registered:

on the one hand in the plans of the first Carolingian king Pip the Brief (751 to 768) which, having évincé into 751 the last king mérovingien Childéric III and wanting to impose its authority, weakened the family of the Mérovingiens and their allies by obliging them to yield their grounds. In this case, the Aldricus owner could be noble of the family of the Alsatian Etichonides apprentés in Mérovingiens.

in addition, it could also fall under a marking out of the road of the salt of the abbey of Wissembourg towards Lorraine. Indeed, this abbey made seek its salt in Lorraine in the valley of the Seille where it had possessions. The saltworks of Vic-on-Pail were most known in the Life and VIIe centuries; they at the base of the fortune of were évêché besides of Metz and the monasteries. The corvéables of the abbey of Wissembourg conveyed for long distances this essential but rare food product. It was then useful to have relays of men and horses located between Lorraine and the abbey. Mittelhausen would be one of these relay stations.

finally, it could be quite simply the will of noble which, very old (Ald = old and ric = powerful) or fleeing the world to enter in religion, entrusts its properties (its Alleux i.e. properties whose owner does not owe any service, no royalty with a lord) to monastic fraternity for the remission of its sins.

Presence of abbeys and Dinghöfe

For better managing their properties moved away, the abbeys created " Dinghöfe " i.e. courses domanial, courses colongères. Each Dinghof directed by manager-mayor ( der Meier ) was composed of the dwelling house of the manager and the buildings necessary to the farm of the field. Delegated by the abbot or the abbess, the mayor supervised the completion of the work of the farm, the delivery regular and correct of the royalties and it also provided the judging function within its small community. N the other hand, the owner owed assistance and protection to the peasants colongers who worked on the exploitation. To regulate the problems and to discuss it, the active members of the field or their representatives met in a building of the farm for the annual meeting called Jahrding. Several small communities depending different owners could cohabit in the same village. Thus, the abbeys of Neuwiller, Marmoutier, Sindelsberg were possessionnées in Mittelhausen. In 1492, at the end of the Middle Ages, one counted five thus Dinghöfe in Mittelhausen. The locality Curia , at the southern exit of the village, was probably the site of the one of these farms. A document of XIIe century announces that the convent of the moniales bénédictines of Sindelsberg had a domanial court including/understanding three manses (1) and eight juchères (2) with Mittelhausen. The name Mittelhus appears there; it is the Germanic translation of the old Latin name Mediovilla of the donation of VIIIe century.

(1) a manse was the ground extent necessary to the subsistence of a country family. This surface could vary according to the quality of the ground and extend between 6 to 10 hectares.

(2) a juchère was the surface being able to be plowed by a pair of oxen in one day, that is to say approximately 30 ares.

Presence of protective seigniories

When the time starts when abbots and bishops do not feel inviolable any more in their holy places, nor protected in their fields with the right of asylum or of immunity, they are based on their right of suzerainty, seek and mobilize liege men, the vassal ones. They turn to men able to defend them, to build strong houses, strong castles. The bishops of Metz thus entrust their Alsatian possessions to military protection (avouery/die Schutzherrschaft) initially with the Metz-Dabo (later Dabo-Eguisheim) then with the Hunebourg and finally with the Lichtenberg or the Geroldseck in XIIe century.

Of the rider to the knight/Vom Reiter zum Ritter

With the arrival in Alsace, around 750 years before Jesus-Christ, of Celtic warriors controlling the metallurgy of iron, combatant with horse, armed with solids swords out of iron, the horse became the mounting of a caste of peasant-riders which adapted the most fertile grounds and imposed its domination on the mass of the rural people.

Later, as of the end of IIIe century, the Francs and Alamans introduced the rites of initiation of the Germanic warrior, ceremony during which a teenager became an adult, i.e. a warrior with which them free men of the tribe (only the free man was entitled to the weapons; the slave of it was unworthy) gave framée and the shield. The Chevalerie was grafted on this Germanic rite.

After the disappearance of the Roman official structures and the weakening of the royalty mérovingienne, the supremacy of the free man, armed and owner with horses, increased: each one becoming responsible for its own security and its honor. When a lord (duke, count, bishop or abbot of monastery) moved to visit his grounds, a habit of courtesy wanted that notable village accommodate it and escort it a bit of a walk to honor it and protect it from bad meetings. Starting from VIIe century, the use of the clamp and metal protection then make it possible certain lords to set up an effective personal cavalry. Resulting from easy, unquestionable rural environments country, choose or are forced to put itself at the service of more powerful than them because secured by political powers: they are Ministériaux . After blessing of their weapons by the bishop or the abbot, they become knights (die Ritter) with the service of a lord who, in addition to the protection service, can to also entrust administrative tasks them.

Thus, probably at Mittelhausen, the members of a family exploiting the most fertile grounds of the round of applause (today locality In den Burdaeckern ) put themselves or must put at the service of Evêché of Metz then their solicitors (Schutzherren) and take the name of their village of origin. First mention of the name of this family of the " von Mittelhausen " appears in the middle of XIIe century (period of adoption of patronyms by the ministériaux ones) but this indication of date wants by no means to mean that the castle existed already at this time.

Administration

Demography

provisional population for 2005: 546

Jewish community

As of XIIe century, Mittelhausen belongs to the seigniory of Lichtenberg then Hanau-Lichtenberg (in 1480) whose lords always authorized the Jewish families at it to be resided. However it there forever have in Mittelhausen sufficient Jews to constitute an autonomous community. The Jews of Mittelhausen were thus attached to the community close to Wingersheim, village depend on Large Bailliage (Landvogtei) of Haguenau. It is in the files of the latter that one finds the mention of 2 Jewish families in Mittelhausen in 1550.

a statute and a synagog

By Letter-Licenses dated July 10th, 1784, the king of France Louis XVI gives for the first time in Alsace a statute to the Jews. He makes proceed to this occasion with a personal enumeration of the Jews residing in Alsace. A state dated December 29th, 1784 raises the presence of 2 Jewish families (on the whole 9 people) in Mittelhausen:

the widow Jendel Abraham with her sons Wolf Abraham and Schmulen Abraham like his/her daughter Gutel Abraham
Solomon David, husband of Blühm Abraham (girl of the Jendel widow), with his/her son Abraham David and his two daughters Rittel David and Reiss David.

Wingersheim shelters a more important community then including/understanding 21 families is a total of 100 people. This community had as of the XVIIe century a " Kaalstub" i.e. of a meeting room and prayers installed in a particular house; this one was to be located between the " Schulzegass" (currently street of the Release) and the " Schellgass" (currently street of the Gardens). In 1775 a first Synagog with the site of the current synagog is built. One century later, this too small and decayed synagog proving is demolished and replaced, in 1875, by a new construction: it is the current synagog.

Administration of Lichtenberg but rabbinate of Haguenau

The community of Wingersheim, with its appendix of Mittelhausen, is attached to the rabbinate of Haguenau. In 1784, it makes sure the services of Israel Isaac (cantor with the synagog) and of Solomon Seelig (schoolmaster). Moreover, Moyses Mannheimer makes function of tutor. Its role is to prepare the boys with the Bar-mitsva (religious majority) in their teacher the Hebrew rudiments necessary for the recitation of the prayers and the reading of the Torah.

So religieusement the Jews of Mittelhausen were attached to the community of Wingersheim and thus with the rabbinate of Haguenau, they concerned the seigniory of Hanau-Lichtenberg administratively. It is thus in Bouxwiller, capital administrative of the seigniory, which they paid the " Schirmgeld" , right of protection of 4 guilders 5 schillings per quarter. Religious fastening with Wingersheim enabled them to have a not very distant synagog whereas according to Judenordnung of 1626, they should have gone for the religious offices in Brumath or Neuwiller-les-Saverne, only places of worship authorized in the seigniory.

The Jews of Mittelhausen as those of Wingersheim were buried with the Jewish cemetery of Ettendorf created at the beginning of XVe century. This cemetery was used by 26 Jewish communities as place of burial. It is only at the end of the XIXe century that the Jewish cemetery of Mommenheim will be opened to the Jews of Mittelhausen, Wingersheim and Mommenheim.

Of the full citizens

In 1791, the Alsatian Jews automatically become French citizens. Hitherto their situation was very precarious; they were submitted to arbitrary local lords. As it was to them interdict to have ground and to become member of a Corporation of trade, it was impossible for them to have a farm or to exert a trade of the craft industry. They thus took in hands all the rural trade. For the ones, it was the trade of the cattle, leathers and skins, cereals. For the majority, it was the Colportage as well as the activities of recovery like the secondhand clotehes shop and scrap. Those which managed to have some cash reserves, became money lenders and thus rendered service to the peasants who had financing problems. As they wanted time with other to recover the lent sums, that often led to tensions and sometimes to more severe conflicts. In time of war, which was often the case in Alsace, some rather rich Jews ensured the supply of vivres, material various and also of horses to the armies. But not very fortunate, the Jews of Mittelhausen did not certainly practice this kind of trade.

Of the stable patronyms

A decree of Napoleon i, decree known as of Bayonne of July 20th, 1808, forced all the Jews to adopt a transmissible stable family name of the father to his children. Up to that point, the Jews received a first name which they made follow of the first name of the father and sometimes of a nickname. In Mittelhausen two families lived then is a total of 15 people:

LEVY Solomon (ex Solomon David of 1784) with his wife who takes name METZGER Blum; his/her daughter Rose (ex Reiss) unmarried but who has 7 years a natural son named WEIL Benjamin; his/her brother-in-law METZGER Benjamin (ex Wolf Abraham) and his sister-in-law METZGER Gittel (ex Gutel Abraham).

LEVY Abraham (ex Abraham wire of Solomon David) with his wife MOSES Keile and 6 3 month old older children to 10 years, as well as a pupil MOSES Jacob (born in 1794 in Wingersheim and vraisembablement a brother of MOSES Keile)

Throughout the XIXe century, the community evolves/moves slowly and the censuses make it possible to follow this evolution:

1807: 15 people; 1821: 20 people; 1836: 21 people; 1841: 17 people; 1851: 12 people; 1856: 9 people; 1861: 7 people; 1895: 5 people; 1905: more no Jew with Mittelhausen

In 1836, with the apogee of the Jewish presence with Mittelhausen, the 21 Jews placed in two houses. In the first lived:

LEVY Abraham, 65 years old (widower of MOSES Keile)
its three unmarried sons: 26 years old Hermann and soldier with the 43e regiment of infantry of line; 24 years old Jacques and 22 years old Goetsch.
his/her also unmarried 28 years old with Caroline her natural daughter 4 years old
his/her Josué son, Judith daughter 36 years old, retailer, married with WEIL Julie, 38 years old
the three children of Josué and Julie: Solomon, Hermann and Jacques old respectively 3 years, 2 years and 3 months.
his/her daughter-in-law Eisenmann Caroline, 36 years old widow with his/her 5 children: Bliemel, Sara, Nathan, Solomon and Jonathan old respectively 10 years, 8 years, 7 years, 4 years and 2 years.

In the close house placed:

WEIL Benjamin, grocer and retailer, 36 years old (wire of LEVY Rose) with its wife LIPP Marie, old of 32 years
their three daughters: Bluem, Esther and Charlotte old respectively 4 years, 2 years and of a few months.

Some causes of this rural migration of the Jews

the granting of the citizenship in 1791 opens to the Jews the access to the cities and the Jews which are tradesmen then tend to settle where the customers are more abundant
the economic crisis of the years 1846-1848 has effects on the agricultural world; the peasants involved in debt and in impossibility of refunding start riots. Plunderings of Jewish houses take place in various villages like Brumath, Hochfelden, Saverne or Marmoutier. The troop must even intervene to restore the order. Following these incidents, many Jews fearing for their safety leave the villages to melt in the anonymity of the cities
the introduction into the Alsatian campaigns, at the beginning of the XIXe century, of the system of the Mutual Cases of Deposits and Loans invented by Frederic Guillaume Raiffeisen allows to collect and make circulate the local money supply with the profit them country and to avoid thus the monopoly of the traditional Jewish intermediaries.
the development of the means of communication and in particular the railroad in second half of this same XIXe century, also leads to changes of residence of the Jews. Thus, many Jews of Wingersheim and Wittersheim settle in Mommenheim where a station is. So the Jewish community of Wingersheim which had maintained manpower around 100 people, counts nothing any more but 50 in 1905 of them.

Places and monuments

Castle of plain in the south of the agglomeration, in the small valley of the brook called Vierbrückgraben . A " family; von Mittelhausen" mentioned at the beginning of the XIV° century would have made build this castle which is attested with certainty at the end of the XV° century.

Gone back to 1334, tombstone of Elsa von Lampertheim , wife of the rider Hugo von Still (fixed close to a side door of the church).

Gone back to 1703, tombstone of Clementine von Rotberg , wife of fire Bechtold von Weitersheim (fixed close to a side door of the church).

current Church inaugurated officially on February 14th, 1790.

Tomb stones of Johann-Philipp Melsheimer, his/her Louis son and his daughter Caroline, wife of Charles Hesse. It is a perpetual concession on the old cemetery around the church.

War memorial the , made up of two columns in sandstone of the Vosges, inaugurated on July 13rd, 1999.

Bench-resting place of 1854 established at the edge of the road halfway between Mittelhausen and Rumersheim, set up at the instigation of the prefect of the Low-Rhine Auguste-César West, concretized a wish of the empress Eugenie de Montijo at the time of the first birthday of its marriage with Napoleon III.

Personalities related to the commune

Wilhelm II von Mittelhausen , right-hand man of Louis IV of Lichtenberg.

Around the year 1420, Ludwig IV (Louis IV) of Lichtenberg entrusts the Bailliage de Westhoffen-Balbronn to Wilhelm II von Mittelhausen. This bailliage includes/understands the villages of Balbronn, Westhoffen with its castle, Wolschheim, Allenwiller, Hengwiller, Furchhausen, Winzenheim, Irmstett and the halves of Traenheim and Hürtigheim. In 1425, Wilhelm II marries Margareta , a natural girl of Louis IV with in dowry the half of the village of Buswiller . Four years later, before dying, Louis IV also entrusts the guard of the to him castle of Ingenheim .

After the death of Louis IV and a few five years of regency, Jacques (it will be called later Jacques the Bearded one), wire legitimate of Louis IV, succeeds his father and withdraws his confidence with his brother-in-law. Wilhelm II probably had chooses the bad camp at the time of the conflict which opposed Lichtenberg and their allies of the Small-Pierre to Leiningen (Linange) and Ochsenstein in the middle of XVe century. Always it is that half of Buswiller escapes Wilhelm II in 1452. Twenty years later, Wilhelm II died and was buried inside its parish church of Hohatzenheim , in front of the furnace bridge of saint Antoine (today site of the painful Virgin). Its tombstone for summer moved and has fixed at a wall external of the sacristy.

The still readable epitaph nowadays is written as follows:

Ass D MCCCCLXXII

Am XII Dez Ap (pril) starb DER

eren Vest Wilhelm von

Mittelhausen dem God gnäd'

und barmherzig sey Amen

Translation:

In the year of the Lord 1472,

the 12 of April, died it

very honourable Wilhelm von

Mittelhausen. That God grants grace to him

and mercy. Thus it is.

on December 8th, 1458, Jacques the Bearded one was high with the dignity of count by the Germanic emperor Frederic III of the Holy roman Empire (Friedrich III). This first and single count de Lichtenberg entered the history and the legend with Bärbel d' Ottenheim, its beautiful but violent and haughty concubine. The " War of the women of Bouxwiller" was a consequence of the oppression of the subjects by this " Bore with beautiful the visage"

Georges Mittelhus, printer of the end of XVe century.

Christian Louis Kampmann, manufacturer of straw hats.

Born in Mittelhausen on June 22nd, 1810, Louis Chrétien was the son of Kampmann Jean Frederic, surgeon with Mittelhausen, and of Kaltenbach Catherine Elisabeth. Clerk-trader at the time of his marriage in 1835 with Doldé Sophie Frederique Amélie, Louis Chrétien created in 1838 a manufacture of straw hats in Strasbourg. After several years of gropings, its company was success and in 1867, it employed 1650 people in small workshops dispersed in the suburbs of Strasbourg (in Neudorf and Neuhof), in Hochfelden, Brumath, Dalhunden and in Wingersheim (village close to its birthplace) where it answered the call of the priest Jakob Kleiber anxious to provide work to the most stripped. Its annual production was assembled then to a half million straw hats known as of " Panama".

The raw material of its hats came from a kind of palm tree called latanier. This tree of Central America which can reach 10 to 15 meters in height provided textile sheets and fibers which were imported. But, to make economies, one could incorporate straw of corn in this raw material.

After having also carried out face an interesting political career, Louis Chrétien Kampmann died in Strasbourg on April 11th, 1893. His/her son Alfred Leon who had succeeded to him quite front, chose France in 1871 and installed the seat of his company with Epinal.

Christophe-Guillaume Koch, professor of university, lawyer, historian

Born on May 9th, 1737 with Bouxwiller/deceased on October 25th, 1813 in Strasbourg.

See too

Common of the Low-Rhine

External bonds

Mittelhausen on the site of the national geographical Institute
Mittelhausen on the site of INSEE
Mittelhausen on the site of Quid
Localization of Mittelhausen on a chart of France and communes bordering
Plane on Mittelhausen on Mapquest

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