Bambara

See also: Bambaras

The will bambara , also known under the name of bamanankan , is a Langue spoken by more than 10 million people, mainly with the Mali. Many other people also speak this language, or of the Dialecte S, in other adjoining countries like the Burkina Faso, the Ivory Coast and the Gambia. The differences between will bambara and the Malinké and the Dioula are tiny, this last language being spoken or being included/understood by about fifteen million people in West Africa (in particular Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, and Gambia).

The language is strongly influenced by French.

Will bambara belongs to the family of the languages mandingues. It is a language of the type S WITH O V (prone auxiliary verb object) with two tons. There are seven oral vowels: has, E (delivery " é"), E (delivery " eu"), I, O (delivery as in apple), ó (delivery as in " paume") and U, like seven nasal vowels.

The writing was introduced during the period when the area was under the French colonial domination. Woyo Couloubayi created in 1930 a Alphabet Bambara comprising 123 characters. The Elimination of illiteracy sorrow to be diffused, in particular in rural area.

The literature in language will bambara develops slowly, because of prevalence of the French like “language of the elites”, but there exists however an oral tradition alive, made up mainly of stories and tales of kings and hero. This oral tradition is transmitted by the Griot S, which are at the same time storytellers, singers and human books of history who studied the art of the song and the account during long years. Many of their songs are very old, the tradition makes them go up for some at the time of old the Empire of Mali.

Will bambara is a national language of Mali, and constitutes the language most commonly understood in the country.

The principal dialects of will bambara are: somono, segou, san, beledugu, ganadugu, wasulu and sikasso.

Dioula

The Dioula is connected to will bambara in the same way that the English the United States is related to English of England. It is probably the language most used for the trade in West Africa. Writing Since the seventies Bambara is written in the Latin alphabet, using nap additional phonetic characters (like ɛ, ɔ and ɲ). Accents are used to indicate tonality.

KB has script devised by Solomana Kante in 1949 ace has off writing system for the Mande languages West Africa; KB means “I say” in all Mande languages. Kante created KB in response to what He felt were beliefs that Africans were has “cultureless people” since there was prior to this time, No indigenous African writing system for his language. KB cam first into uses in Kankan, Guinea ace has off Maninka alphabet and disseminated from there into other Mande-speaking shares West Africa. The script is still in uses for Bambara, although the Latin alphabet is much more common.

Grammar

Bambara belongs to has group off closely-related languages called Manding (related to Mandinka, Mande language group). It is year SVO language and has two ton S.

In Mathematical linguistics Bambara is regarded with interest, since for only very few languages it was possible to show that they were not Context-free. For Zurich German and Dutch the proof is based one sentence construction, whereas the proof for Bambara is based one Word construction.

Bambara has No gender. Gender for has noun edge Be specified by adding has suffix, this for male and - muso for female. Plural The is formed by attaching “- W” gold “- U” to words. Sentences usually contain auxilary verbs.

Bambara use postpositions, like “bolo” to indicate directions. Many postpositions are based one nouns, “bolo” also means hand .

Native Originally Bambara had several conjunctions, goal many off them cuts been replaced in everyday uses by French borrowings, such ace because (“because”). -->

Examples

; NR Be bamanankan fo doonin-doonin

I speak a little will bambara

; I Be your doumouni ké there?

You will eat?

; NR Be taa

I leave, I from go away, I leave

; Your, Tassouma, Goni

Fire

Greetings:

Morning: Ani sogoma! > I nor sogoma (I = you; (or aw) =vous has; nor = and sogoma = morning)

Midday: Ani strips! > I nor bast

Afternoon: Ani voula! > I nor wula (good evening)

Evening & Night: Ani penny! > I neither known (in the plural nor penny has)

How are you? : I ka kènè? (for the pluriel=aw ka kénè)

Good arrival: I nor!

Thank you: I nor this ()

Aurevoir: Kanbé

Examples

Codes

will bambara has as codes:

Bm, according to the standard ISO 639 -1 of the codes of languages alpha-2,
Bam, according to the standard ISO 639 -1 of the codes of languages alpha-2,

See too

Internal bonds

Bambaras (ethnos group)

Langues by family

nigéro-Congolese Langues

Groupe Mandé

Mandingue

Art will bambara

External bonds

linguistic Guide will bambara of Wikitravel
Enseignement of will bambara at Wikilivres
Mots will bambara in Wiktionnaire
Observations on will bambara of Kolona (southern Mali) of Gerard Dumestre and Michiyo Hosaka (in format pdf)
Lexique bambara-French-English

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