Ball point pen

A ball point pen (one hears sometimes ballpoint pen or point-ball ) is a tool being used to write, more specifically a Stylo, near to a lead pencil in the form and dimension. The ball-points have an internal reserve of viscous ink which is spread out over paper at the time of the writing via a small ball (in general between 0,7 and 1 mm diameter) which is in rotation; ink dries almost immediately after the contact with paper. Not very expensive, sure and not requiring maintenance, they strongly replaced the Pen-feather.

History

A journalist Hungarian of the name of Laszlo Biro noticed one day ink with fast drying used for the impression of the newspapers in order to avoid the spots by friction. He then tested it in a pen with feather of which one some Slavoljub Penkala had invented the principle in 1907: in vain, the viscosity of ink prevents it from running out. This famous journalist had the idea to put a ball by seeing children playing with balls. When the children made pass the ball in a water puddle pool the man noticed that a water trail followed the ball. It is as that which it had the idea to do the ball point pen!! While working with his/her Georg brother, Chemist, it develops in 1938 a new point made up of a ball turning freely in an cell, and which, while turning, involves the ink of a cartridge and demounting on paper. Thus in 1938 was born the ball point pen.

Taken refuge in Argentinian in 1943 where Lazlo is renamed Lisandro Jose , the two brothers deposit new a Brevet the June 10th. They then create the company of the pens Biro which markets their product under the name of Birome remained of use in this country. The British Royal Air Force adopts it for its pilots under the terms of its performances in altitude.

While Eversharp , a manufacturer of Portemine S of the United States joins Eberhard-Faber in May 1945 to exploit a license of manufacture of the Birome , another business man founds the Reynolds International PEN Company and launches before the legitimate holders of the rights a pirate copy at low price under the name of Reynolds Rocket , killing competition at once. The Rocket , launched the October 29th 1945 at the cost of 12,5 $ is spread very largely with the the United States and carries on at once its road triumphing and without shame with the the United Kingdom then in continental Europe.

Negotiating the patent with Biro, some Marcel Bich, baron of his state, makes a brilliant bet then: a Disposable Point-ball with 50 centimes. In 1950, it launches under the Bic mark the model Cristal . That resembles a pencil provided with a cap whose color announces the color of the ink, ink which one can follow the level thanks to the plastic transparency of the matters S of the flexible tube which contains it and the rigid tube to hexagonal section which constitutes the body of it. In 1961 the Carbure of tungsten of the ball replaces the stainless steel employed until there and an operation without cracklings guarantees to him while he endeavors to cross the doors of the school and succeeds there in 1965 in France. Other causes certainly, marginal but considerable, of the amazing success of this instrument to the school, the small pin which closes the end of this oblong prism and the inking tube with its conical brass head are removable, leaving with the schoolboy provided with papier-m4ach3e pellets a Sarbacane extremely discrete and diverting during the courses.

Bic enters the club very closed of the mark S become common nouns. It conquers the world and inaugurates the era of the Jetable and the Consumer society. It becomes Monnaie of exchange for the Western tourists who visit the countries of the Soviet Bloc. It is the modest auxiliary of the Alphabétisation of the poor countries.

Today, the Bic crystal was sold with more than 100 billion specimens throughout the world. It also entered the collections of contemporary design several museums. This success is due partly to its form closer to the lead pencil (various faces).

External bond

the pen ball writes a large page of history

Zh-yue: 原子筆

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