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The Montagne (Mountain dwellers) was a political group with the national Convention.

During the French revolution, the deputies of the legislative Assemblée of 1791 sitting on the highest benches of the Parliament (the Mountain ) took the name of mountain whereas the deputies of the benches low took the name of Plaine or of Marais .

Favorable to the Republic, dominated by Georges Danton, Jean-Paul Marat and Maximilien de Robespierre, the mountain dwellers knew their apogee in spring of 1793 with 300 deputies with the national Convention, for the majority elected of the the Seine and the big cities. Hostile on monarchy, favorable to a centralized democracy, the mountain dwellers, close to the lower middle class, rested on the sans-culottes and fought bitterly the Girondins, representatives of the upper middle-class, which they finished by évincer capacity (June 2nd 1793).

Dominating Convention and the Committee of public Hello, they imposed a policy of Terreur. The mountain dwellers were divided then into several distinct currents, those which were in favor of an alliance with the people and social measures - carried out by Maximilien de Robespierre - and holding them of a specific Terror - carried out by Georges-Jacques Danton. In addition, several mountain deputies were close to the Enragés of Jacques Roux or to the Hébertistes carried out by Jacques Rene Hébert.

Hébertistes calling with a new insurrection and the attempts at appeasing having failed, the revolutionary government made stop, in the night of the 13 to the 14 Ventôse An II (3 March 4th, 1794), Hébert and the principal figures of the Club of Cordeliers. All were condemned to died and were carried out twenty days later, the 4 Germinal An II (March 24th, 1794). Thereafter, it was with the turn of the Lenient ones, which conducted campaign to reverse the government, to put an end to Terror and to negotiate a fast peace with united monarchies, to be eliminated. Decrees, they are condemned to died on April 5th, 1794 and guillotines.

After the fall of Maximilien de Robespierre and its partisans the Thermidor 9 year II, the mountain dwellers (whom one took the practice to describe as mountain dwellers of year III, to distinguish them from the mountain dwellers “dantonists”, who had been combined with moderated Marais), less and less many and joined together in the group of the Crêtois, tried to be opposed to the Convention thermidorienne but in vain. They were mainly eliminated after the insurrections from germinal and meadow.

Under the second Republic, the deputies of the extreme left (Armand Barbès, Alexandre-Auguste Ledru-Rollin) took again the name of Mountain to indicate their political group, while the royalists legitimists more the extremists, in favor of " the call to the peuple" and convinced that the vote for all would lead to restore monarchy, adopted the name of " Mountain blanche".

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