Bahía Blanca

Bahía Blanca is a city located close to the Atlantic Ocean in the province of Buenos Aires, in the east of the Argentine approximately 650 km towards the south-west of Buenos Aires, the capital of the Nation.

Introduction

The city, where there were 274.509 inhabitants in 2001, has an important seaport, of which the depth of 40 feet is constant over almost all the length of the bay - who is actually an estuary - where runs the current of Naposta, a such river. Its name means the " bay blanche" , and is due to the color of salt covering the grounds which surround the coast. The city is the chief town of the homonymous partido, the partido of Bahía Blanca.

History

Bahía Blanca was founded like fortified town the April 11th 1828 by the colonel Ramón Bernabé Estomba under the orders of the General Sergeant and then Gouverneur of Buenos Aires (province), Juan Manuel of Rosas. The city was named Fortaleza Protectora Argentina (the Argentinian fortified town protective) from which the principal instruction was to protect from the inhabitants and their cattle of the flights of the natives and also to protect the coast because the marine of the Brésil had unloaded in the area the previous year. The fortified town was several times attacked by the malones (tribes of assembled wandering natives with horse), especially in 1859 by 3.000 warriors of the chief Mapuche Calfucurá.

The city started to gain its commercial importance after the construction of a railroad by the English in 1885, which connected it to Buenos Aires, while supporting the trade of the grain coming from the Pampas. The rapid growth of the local economy, the very liberal laws of Argentina towards European immigration and the abundance of the natural resources of the country attracted much immigrants, especially of Spain and Italy and a certain number of French who settled with Pigüé, to approximately 125 kilometers towards north. In 1984 they received the visit of President François Mitterrand accompanied by the Argentinian President, Raúl Alfonsín.

Another important foreign colony is that of Dutch immigrants, with Tres Streams, approximately 250 kilometers towards the North-East. They recently received the visit of the queen Béatrix of the Netherlands, of the prince-heir, Willem-Alexander, and of his wife, the Princesse Máxima, born Máxima Zorreguieta in Buenos Aires, where she lived and studied. A big number of the German immigrants and also Jews of Eastern Europe also settled downtown and in the area which surrounds it, at the beginning of the century and also hang and after the Second world war.

Puerto Belgrano, located 29 kilometers at south-east, is the greatest naval base of Argentina whose construction was ordered by a secret decree signed by President Jose Evaristo Uriburu. It was the engineer Luigi Luiggi, born with Genoa, Italy, which conceived the plans and directed construction at the end of the 19th century (as of the December 12th 1898 until the March 8th 1902). The work was responsibility for a selected firm of the Netherlands Dirks, Dates & Van Hattem.

Climate

The city is on the limit between the wet Pampa, where the climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, and the drier Patagonie. The summer is very hot and the moderate winter. Moisture is that of in the medium between Pampa and Patagonie. Precipitations are in the section as of 500 until the 600mm annual and are more frequent in the summer. The temperatures average lie between 10°C and 25°C. It does not snow in the winter.

Today

Bahía Blanca is a shopping mall of importance, where one makes the export trade of the Grain S and the Laine S of the southernmost sector of the province of Buenos Aires, the Pétrole of the province of Neuquén, and the Fruit of the valley of Río Negro. Its group of seaports is one of most important in the country, mainly because they are the single ones which count naturally of 10 meters (33 feet) of depth, although it is maintained with 12,9 meters (40 feet) by regular maintenance. On along the shore of the North-East of bay, these ports are Puerto Ingeniero White for the grains, and Puerto Galván, smaller, which specialize in Huile of Tournesol and Soja, and chemicals such as the Urée of which one of the industrial producers largest of the world, Profertil, is located there. Between these two principal ports, several industrial and chemical factories actuate their own pillars.

Two shopping malls are located at the periphery of the city and much of stores in the center town even are completely in activity by offering a variety of goods and products of first line. There is also a variety of the supermarkets, some of which founded according to local initiatives and on a regional level developed and nevertheless of the branches of the international companies. The majority of the stores and shoppings are open hang all the week, so that it is now being studied because the local trade unions wish that the companies and the stores be closed Sunday. The Mayor of city also seems to support this initiative.

Education and culture

The city also developed in cultural aspects and educational good surely by the European influence of its inhabitants. There were of them five theaters at the beginning of the twentieth century and enough cinemas. Now there are a Symphony orchestra permanent, a group of Ballet Classique (Ballet LED On), an Institute of Higher education which will become a university in little time (Instituto Juan XXIII, the future university Don Bosco), a Tertiary Institute of the Social sciences (Instituto Avanza) and two national universities: Universidad Tecnologica Nacional (University Technological National), devoted mainly to the exact sciences for the students who work, with formal activities in evening, and a named important National university the National university of the South (Universidad Nacional LED On), founded in January 1956, with the associated internationally recognized institutes research in biological and biochemical sciences and technological sciences of which one of the directors, Dr. Francisco Barring, considered and well-known in the scientific world according to its research on proteins, was selected like member of the Executive council of the Academy of Science of Latin America since 2006 until the 2012. They are the INIBIB and Instituto de Oceanografía, among others. The two national universities are free for all the students. One grants free education by the State although there are private schools.

The Nobel Prize César Milstein was born and was high in Bahía Blanca until the moment to begin its academic works. Then it went to Buenos Aires where it achieved its education and degree with the Université of Buenos Aires, beginning its research in Biochimie at Instituto Malbran, after which it went to the the United Kingdom, becoming professor with the Université of Cambridge, where it was allotted the Nobel Prize for the discovery and the development of the monoclonal Anticorps for which it did not record any patent, which could differently have made it very rich. He thought that its discovery was intellectual property of humanity and consequently of only scientific and at all economic interest for itself.

The system of education was transformed by the province of Buenos Aires it-there-have ten years, approximation. What was a system with primary education (obligatory) and secondary (not-obligatory) before continuing studies of university (" the model français") became basic general education (obligatory) and education polimodal (the model " Spanish catalan") although maintaining the system is being re-examined and probably still modified.

There are several museums in the city which include the Museum of the Port, the Museum of Natural history, the Museum of the Art schools and the Museum of Contemporary arts, this last directed by Betiana Gerardi. It is worth the sorrow to visit the museum of the Army, organized by the Commando of V Cuerpo de Ejército, where one can admire a miniaturized re-creation of the original Fortified town, made by César Puliafito, and of the objects of historical interest. That one has also a library with documents of important historical value similar to that of the Salésiens of Don Bosco. It suitable to remember that the civilization of the Patagonie was completed mainly by the soldiers and the priests Salésiens, from where that both have splendid documentation.

The city takes into account two zoos: municipal, the oldest, with a variety of species looked after by permanent veterinary surgeons and personnel who deal some and with other private, in the periphery of the city. Other centers of interest include the Inglés suburbs (“English district”) where lived the British employees and technicians who built the Railroads and ports. The district of Harding Green is suburbs where the directors of port and railroad lived.

Religion

The city has a neo-classic Cathédrale , the Voir Archidiocèse of Bahía Blanca ( Archidioecese Sinus Albi ), which includes/understands a rather vast area. The Archevêque is, since April 2003, SER Monseigneur Guillermo Jose Garlatti ( Archiepiscopus Sinus Albinensis ) whose Pallium was imposed by the Pape Jean-Paul II at the time of a formal Messe of the imposition on the Place Saint-Pierre the June 28th 2003, the day of holy Pierre and holy Paul. The majority of the inhabitants of the city are Catholique S though there are churches Protesting are and a Synagog. There is no Mosquée in Bahía Blanca although there are Musulman S. There is religious tolerance without discrimination by belief, a characteristic generally found everywhere in Argentina.

Structure

The architecture of Bahia Blanca made remember that Europe. Public buildings such as Bank value of Nación, the Chamber of commerce of Bahía Blanca (the Stock Market), the principal Post office, the Library Bernardino Rivadavia, the old building of the local newspaper Nueva Provincia, the town hall, the Vice-chancellorship and of the Departments (Faculties or Schools) university of Universidad LED On, of its " House of Culture" and of municipal Teatro (the theater principal of the city), among others, are splendid, the majority preserved very well. Some show French neo-classic influence clearly (the School of fine art, Paris). Many scrapes-ciels are everywhere, mainly close to the center town. Apartments that one can there find, whose prices are extremely varied, are accepted by people like alternative to live close to almost all downtown, without having much to travel traversing long distances.

Leisures

At the coast, close to the city, there are places of recreation such as " Balneario Maldonado" and " Colón" although the characteristics of the estuary, protected by law like natural reserve, are not ideal like beaches, so that, to find some, the inhabitants of Bahía Blanca must even move towards the south-eastern limit of the estuary, with can-near 100 kilometers of the center town by highway, where Pehuén-Có and Monte Hermoso are located. Both are popular beaches with warm water and almost white sand with a very good tourist organization.

Those which prefer the mountain can find it to approximately 100 km towards north, where a solid mass of hills is whose culminating points are Sierra of Ventana (1100 meters) and Cerro Tres Picos (1230 meters), also an area where tourism is developed.

Sports

Since the Fifties, Bahía was considered the capital city of the Basket-ball of the Argentine. Emanuel Ginóbili (NBA, San Antonio Spurs, Texas) and Juan Ignacio Sánchez, both currently playing, is well-known on the levels national and international and has was members of the Estudiantes de Bahía Blanca. Alberto Will pull up, deceased, and Atilio Fruet, withdrawn, is, among others, also figures known on the levels room and national.

The teams more important of the Football of the city are Olimpo, which played in the first division of Argentina until relegation in 2006, and Villa Miter. The national trainer Alfio Basile of team of the football of Argentina is also a bahiense . One can also play of the golf and the tennis of which enough people are proud.

One also practices there the Rugby, a team even went to France in 2007 (college Pau-montardon 64) to dispute there the international tournament of Rugby junior category in which they finished 4èmes. During the world cup of Rugby 2007 which also proceeded in France, Argentina with finished 3rd, an exploit knowing that they had never arrived at this level of the competition (final small victory) CHEER!!

Health, Publications and Libraries

The rate of illiteracy of the city, like death rate néonatal, is among low in the country.

It has two hospitals of importance in the city. One is provincial-regional. It is l'" Interzonal Hospital Dr. Jose Penna". The other, municipal, is " Municipal Hospital Dr. Leonidas Lucero". Both are centers of tertiary complexity where patients of all the area are sent. The public system of health is free for any legal resident of the nation, and the responsibility for the Province of Buenos Aires and the Town hall. There is a chain of the cabinets of public consultation and free distributed in all the city and the area which work directed and coordinated between the Ministry even through delegate with Bahia Blanca (Shingles Sanitaria I), and the administration of city under the monitoring of the Secretary of health named directly by the Mayor of City. There are also private establishments of health in Bahia Blanca, where one can count on a doctor among 266 inhabitants.

There are a regional local newspaper, Nueva Provincia whose old seat is already quoted, classified scientific newspapers regularly published such as Revista of Asociación Médica De Bahía Blanca and the economic research tasks of the CREEBA (Central Regional of Estudios Económicos Bahía Blanca-Argentina), which is also local publications whose quality and reputation well-known and are consulted by those which deal with the economic affairs and financial. To facilitate the edition of the scientific work and materials of study to the researchers, professors and students, Universidad LED On organized a local center of the publications, EDIUNS, whose editions, while offering books good-markets, are placed at the disposal of the students and the public.

There are also public libraries of which most known and old, called Bibliothèque Rivadavia, has a collection of about 160.000 books which are offered to the readers in the same way as other collections of the newspapers - single in the area, than one can there find.

Twinning

Bahía Blanca is twinned with:

(Alphabetical classification according to the city)

Foreign consulates

The city is sits it several foreign consulates such as the Spaniard, the Italian and the Chilean one. There are also the Honorary Consuls of France and the Netherlands. There are local schools of foreign language like the Asociacion Bahiense de Cultura Inglesa (English), the Alliance Fran1caise (French), the Company Dante Alighieri (Italian) and Goethe-Institute (German), all private although with a group many of students.

External bonds

Nueva Provincia
University of the South
Academia Nacional de Historia: Nueva Historia of Nación Argentina, Planeta, Buenos Aires, 2001
Commando LED V Cuerpo de Ejército: El Fortinero
Rosati H, Palma D, Matte M, Rodríguez a: Expansión Europea, Siglos XIV there XV * Construction of Puerto Belgrano
the Port of Bahía Blanca
Desciption of Patagonie by Thomas Faulkner, 1835, translated in Spagnol
Ferrocarril Transandino LED On
Profertil, producer of urea
Aerolíneas Argentinas
Airports of Argentina
Regional Facultad Bahía Blanca, UTN
Consulate of Spain with Bahía Blanca
Consulate-general of Italy with Bahía Blanca
Honorary Consulate of France with Bahía Blanca
Consulate of Chile with Bahía Blanca
the Town hall of Bahía Blanca
Law of Education of the Province of Buenos Aires
Scientific Newspaper of the Association of the Doctors of Bahía Blanca
Club of Golf Palihue
Dr. Francisco Barring, UNESCO Chief of Biofisique, Molecular Neurobiology and Neurobiology, Institute de Recherche Biochemique, Universidad Nacional LED On Argentinian CONICET
Public library Bernardino Rivadavia
Commando LED V Cuerpo de Ejército
Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas there Censos
" Bahía Blanca." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service.
natural Reserve Bahía Blanca
of Estudios Económicos de Bahía Blanca-Argentina
the Alliance Fran1caise of Bahía Blanca
Short history of the partidos
Province of B.A.
detailed Chart of the province of Buenos Aires

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