Bagdad

This page relates to the year 1830 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Africa

  • March 22nd: The British explorers Richard and John Lander start from Badagry and discover the sources of the Niger.

  • Méhémet Ali names a governor of the Sudan and proclaims viceroy of Egypt.
  • the Côte of Gold becomes British protectorate (fine in 1874).
  • Beginning of the reign of Mutara II Rwogera, Mwami (king) of the Ruanda (v. 1830 - 1853). At the beginning of its reign, Ruanda takes its revenge by exterminating the regiments of the Burundi to the Bataille of Gikoro, close to Butare.

  • Nouvelle war enters the Burundi and the Ruanda

  • Échec of a French intervention the internal quarrels of Madagascar. The Hova destroy the French counters after an awkward step to support against them the chiefs of the Betsimisaraka.

The Maghreb

  • the French put the hand on the legendary treasure of the Casbah, evaluated to 48 million, partially and curiously disappeared during its transfer in France.
  • the inhabitants of Tlemcen request the protection of the Moroccan sultan, which sends his/her father-in-law and cousin Mulay 'Ali ibn Suliman, that it names governor of Tlemcen. Accommodated well, the Morrocans however meet the hostility of the Kouloughlis and the Arabs remained faithful to the Turks. The army of the new governor plunders the opponents, who approach the French.

  • 20 000 Juifs live in Algeria in 1830.

Americas

North America

  • April 6th:
    • Birth of the Church of Jesus-Christ of the Saints of the Last Days, whose members are usually called Mormon, in Fayette in the State of New York, with Joseph Smith like first president.
    • the law of Mexican colonization prohibited immigration with the Texas.
  • May 28th: Indian Removal Act : the president Andrew Jackson makes vote a law off-setting the Indians living in the East of the the Mississippi in the West of this river so that the colonists can occupy their grounds. Seventy thousand Indians will be constrained to move towards the west between 1830 and 1840. Sioux, Fox and Sauks gives up their territories of the Iowa, the Minnesota and the Missouri.
    • the governor of the territories of the Michigan, Lewis Case, publishes an article in the North American Review which justifies the displacement of the Indians.

  • Majority Tory with the Parliament of the High-Canada.

Latin America

  • the Brésil has 42 newspapers.

Asia

  • Johannes van den Bosch becomes governor of the the Indies Dutchwomen (fine in 1834).
  • Expulsion of the last missionaries Jesuits in China.
  • Japan: Vagueness of popular pilgrimages in direction of the sanctuary of Ise, goddess of the sun, symbol of the emperor. Thousands of Japanese on the roads disorganize the production and the trade-circuits.

Oceania & the Pacific

  • Spring: French mission of Oceania.
  • Australia: The British emigration intensifying, the governor Edward Gibbon Wakefield obtains government to form an association equipped with powerful financial means to organize the colonization of the Australia. In has Letter from Sidney , it proposes the substitution of a systematic colonization to the anarchy of the preceding situation, with sale of concession, subsidized and directed emigration, etc
  • 58  000 convicts are unloaded in Australia to be employed by the government or private companies.
  • Arrived of the first British missionaries at the islands Fiji. They belong to the London Missionary society and come from Tahiti and Tonga.

Europe

  • Mars: The chief of the Russian military administration in the Danubian principalities (Moldavie and Valachie), the general count P. Kisseleff reorganizes the political life, economic and social of the two States. Couches of boyards work out organic Reglementations, adopted by Saint-Pétersbourg and Constantinople, then by the Extraordinary general assemblies of Moldavie and Valachie in 1831. They remain in force until in 1859. They introduce the separation of the capacities between an elected prince with life by the Extraordinary general assembly and the Council of six ministers and a civic Parliament chaired by Métropolite. The provincial administration is entrusted to prefects.

  • September:

    • liberal Movements in Saxony, with the Brunswick (7 - September 8th), in Hesse, Rhenish Prussia, encouraged by the Revolution of July in France. Abdication of the sovereigns and liberal reforms in Brunswick and in Hesse. With the Hanover, the students of Göttingen create a militia which imposes to the sovereign a constitution. In Germany of the South, the brought together liberals with Hambach (Palatinat), plead in favor of a German Federal republic and hoist the black, red flag and gold of the Burschenschaft, symbol of the Germany news.
    • Frederic Auguste Guillaume becomes prince de Brunswick.
  • November 8th: Beginning of the reign of Ferdinand II, king of the Deux-Siciles.
  • November 13rd: Giuseppe Mazzini is stopped and imprisoned with Savone. Discharged in 1831, it leaves in exile to Marseilles.
  • November 29th: Insurrection in Poland - the Poles raise themselves against the Russian occupant.
  • December 12th: the Ottoman Empire recognizes the autonomy of the Serbia.
  • December 20th: The Conference of London recognizes the independence of the Belgium.

  • Ciro Menotti founds with Bologna, Parma, Mantoue and in Romagna a series of revolutionary cores with for watchword “independence, union and freedom”.

  • Scission of the Czech nationalists between conservatives (pro-Russian) and radicals (democratic gathered by Matice Ceska).
  • Convocation of the Diet in Hungary.
  • Epidemic of Cholera in Russia (1830 - 1831). Riots with Saint-Pétersbourg and in province.
  • the Russians run up against the resistance of the Imam Chamil to the Daghestan (fine in 1859).

France

See also: 1830 in France

  • March-May: The opposition between the king and the ministry on the one hand, the Parliament and the opinion on the other hand, make assemble the tension. With the Address of the 221 appointed liberal with the king (March 18th), claiming the compliance with the parliamentary rules of the game stated in the Charter, the king retorts by the dissolution of the Parliament, the May 16th. The suspect civils servant of liberal sympathies are revoked.

  • March 18th: Address of the 221 (appointed) noting the dissension of the Parliament with the government.

  • May 16th: “Dissolution of 1830” of the Room by Charles X.
  • June-July: legislative elections, the liberal opposition becomes majority.
  • July 26th: publication of four Ordinances of Saint-Cloud by Charles X, restricting individual freedoms and of the press and dissolving the Room.
  • 27 - 28 - July 29th: Revolution from July in Paris. The “glorious Three”.
  • August 2nd: abdication of Charles X (with the counter-signature of his/her son, the dolphin, “Louis XIX”) in favor of his grandson, the duke of Bordeaux, “Henri V”. The Rooms not recognizing it, the Bourbons decide to be exiled.

Belgium

  • August: Beginning of the Belgian insurrection (1830-1831). Belgian rising against the capacity Dutch leads to the independence of the Belgium.

  • August 25th: The awkward policy of the Dutchmen causes the insurrection of Brussels.
  • September 4th: The movement develops and receives supports it of the Inhabitants of Li2ege.
  • September 20th: The middle-class guard of Brussels, formed of moderated elements, is disarmed by the rioters.
  • 23 - September 26th: Failure strapping of an military intervention with Brussels. In front of the threat of intervention Dutchwoman, radicals and moderate league to push back them (“Four Days”).
  • September 26th: After four days of engagements, the Dutch troops gave up almost the totality of the Belgian territory.
  • September 27th: The Belgian insurrectionists stop the troops Dutchwomen in front of Brussels and push back them to the old border of the Austrian Netherlands.
  • September 29th: Secession of the Belgian provinces.
  • October 4th: Proclamation in Brussels of the independence of the Belgium by a provisional government which convenes a National congress for at the end of November. This Congress will decide to give to Belgium a statute Constitutional monarchy and to exclude from the crown the members of the Maison of Orange-Nassau.
  • December 20th: The Conference of London recognizes the independence of Belgium.

Poland

  • November 18th: The tsar Nicolas Ier of Russia, which wants to intervene against the Belgians with not of the the Holy Alliance, gives the order of mobilization of the Polish troops.
  • November 29th: Beginning of the Insurrection of November (fine in 1831). Risings of patriots Polish are crushed in blood by the Russia.
    • With Warsaw, in the night of the 29 to the November 30th, a small troop of civil conspirators attacks the palate of the Belvédère where resides the Constantin large-duke; against the same moment the juniors by the school of the officers ravelling in the Old city run up against the Russian soldiers. The large-duke flees in confusion, the Polish generals refuse to follow the juniors. Some are put at death, the majority of the Polish troops continuing to obey the orders. The rich districts of the city remain calm, but the popular sector seizes the weapons of the arsenal. Constantin refuses to engage his troops, and in the morning, the young revolutionists are Masters of the capital. The Russian imperial authorities are driven out of Warsaw.
    • the Industry and Minister of Finances Drucki-Lubecki takes the things in hands in order to negotiate with the tsar and to maintain the movement revolutionary in moderate ways: it creates an Administrative counsel. The patriots set up a club, the patriotic Company, of which one of the chiefs is the historian Joachim Lelewel.
  • December 13rd: The Council negotiates with Constantin who agrees to withdraw from Poland the Russian troops. The prince Czartoryski tries on his side to discuss with Saint-Pétersbourg, while the general Josef Chłopicki, Napoleonean ex-officer, proclaims dictator and adopts a position of waiting.
  • December 18th: The Sejm (the Polish Diet) affirms the national character of the insurrection. The tsar announces his intention to reconquer the country militarily.

The United Kingdom

  • Attempt failed to federate associations of workers in a National association for the security of the employment (1830 - 1832).

  • Gibraltar becomes a British colony.

Chronologies sets of themes

Art & culture

See also: 1830 in music, 1830 in literature, 1830 with the theater

Press

  • Ljudevit Gaj (1809 - 1872) publishes a newspaper, the popular Nouvelles illyriennes , which preaches the gathering of all Slavic South within a common State. It reforms then the orthography of the Croatian to bring it closer to the Serbe, offering a literary language common to both people.
  • Kranjska čbelica , first literary review Slovenien.
  • literary Gazette of Delvig (Russia).

Philosophy

  • Hegel publishes the third and last edition of the Encyclopédie of philosophical sciences .
  • Course of positive philosophy , Auguste Count.

Sciences and technology

See also: 1830 in science

Sports

Economy & Company

  • Seven million inhabitants with Java.

  • Thirteen million inhabitants to the the United States. 130  000 freed live in North.
  • 33 million inhabitants in France.

  • Taken again whaling by the French: 15 buildings leave with nearly 500 men to crews, including still 20% from abroad.

  • Extinction of the last Blast furnace with wood of England.

  • dispersed manufactures, competed with by concentrated manufactures, account for the 2/3 more of the British cotton activity.
  • Hitel ( Credit ), work of Széchenyi recommending the dismantling of feudality to support economic development in Hungary. Highly criticized, Széchenyi is devoted to its companies or its construction projects: river regularization with the Door of iron for navigation on the the Danube, creation of a company of steamers, construction of a suspended bridge between Pest and Buda…
  • Mars: The organic Payments of Moldavie and Valachie separate the ground in reserves exploited directly by the owners (a third of the ground) and in tenures reserved to the peasants with the help of twelve days from drudgery per annum. In Valachie, one attends with important clearings on behalf of the peasants and the development of the culture of corn. In Moldavie, the exploitation is done more in the direct form via a farmer.
  • Abolition of the Slavery of Géorgiens and Circassiens in the Russian Empire.
  • In the Republic of Cracow, the drudgery is replaced by a silver royalty.
  • the quantum of imports of Opium by the Westerners in China exceeds that of exports of The and Soie. The money starts to leave China, with harmful effects on the economy and public finances.

Births in 1830

Death in 1830

Beats-smg: 1830 Be-X-old: 1830 Map-bms: 1830 Simple: 1830 Zh-yue: 1830 年

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