Badminton

The badminton is a Sport of racket which opposes either two players (simple) or two pairs (double), placed in two half-grounds separated by a Filet. The players mark points by striking a stealing using a Raquette to make it fall into the half-ground adversary. The exchange finishes as soon as the wheel touches the ground.

The wheel is a projectile with the single aerodynamic properties which give him a trajectory very different from the balls used in the majority of the sports of racket. In particular, the feathers create a Traînée much more important, causing a faster Décélération. The wind having far too much influence on this trajectory, the badminton in competition is always practiced in interior. As a leisure, it can sometimes be practiced in outside with adapted material.

The badminton is a Olympic Sport comprising five disciplines: simple men, simple ladies, double men, double ladies and double mixed. With high-level, it requires an excellent physical condition as well as very good technical qualities and tactics.

History

Practiced by the Chinese some 2000 years ago, one finds images of play of the wheel at the 17th century in paintings of famous artists of the time. One of the ancestors of the badminton is the battledore and shuttlecock practiced in England as of the Moyen-âge, the object of the play being to maintain in the air a shuttlecock (flying) using a battledore (racket or pallet).

As for the current badminton, one tells that one day of 1873, from the returned English officers of the India S being joined together in the castle of the Duke of Beaufort with Badminton (English city of the Gloucestershire), come from there to evoke the Indian play of the “poona”, which was practiced with a racket and a light ball. They are then put at the head to play there. But not having a ball under the hand, they decide to use a stopper of Champagne, to which they attach some feathers. Amused and allured by their lucky find, they decide to make known this play, under the name of the castle where it was born: Badminton. Four years later, they publish the first rules of the game and allot paternity of it, although they do not have in fact invented anything.

Not such a long time ago, this sport passed only for one sport of beach. Since 1934, creation date of the International federation of badminton (BWF), more than 150 countries were affiliated with this federation, on the 5 continents. What quantifies with more than 100 million the number of practitioners on planet. The Olympic committee thus decided to register this discipline with the Olympic Games of Barcelona in 1992, following a demonstration with Seoul, four years before.

The simple one and double Sirs, simple and double the ladies as well as the mixed double are the 5 tests presented to the OJ.

Currently, the best world players are originating in China, of Indonesia, Korea, or Malaysia. In Europe, only two countries compete with the Asian ones: the Denmark and the England.

Evolution in France

At the end of 1940, as it was the case for the Rugby with XIII, the Table tennis, the Jeu of palm and FSGT, the Badminton is prohibited and in 1941 the Federation is dissolved by the mode of Vichy (cf its national Révolution) and is attached to the Federation of tennis. In April 1942, the mode of Vichy destroyed also two other federations amateurs multi-sports and school: UFOLEP and USEP.

Since 1977, the increase in the number of players French is from 7 to 18% per annum. In 10 years, the number of bachelors in France was multiplied by 6. There were 600 clubs for more: 79000 bachelors in 2001; the bar of: 100000 bachelors was crossed at the beginning of 2005 with 1460 clubs.

On the school level, within the framework of the ONES, Badminton with: 110000 candidates is with the 2nd rank of the most practiced individual sports.

The badminton into simple was the 2nd sports activity most applied to the baccalaureat 2004.

According to the French federation of badminton, there is: 114725 bachelors in 2006 against: 51671 in 1996, manpower thus doubled in ten years.

Rules of the badminton

Combinations of play

They are 5:

  • the simple man (SH)
  • the simple lady (SD)
  • double the men (DH)
  • double the ladies (DD)
  • mixed double (DMX)

To gain a match

Previously, the matches were played in two handles (or sets) gaining of 15 points, and 11 points in the case of the simple lady (SD). A player could mark a point only on his service. In the event of equality with 14 (10 for the SD), the player who was joined with the score could then choose to prolong the sleeve up to 17 (13 for the ladies) or to finish in an item (15 for the men and 11 for the women).

Since the general meeting of the International Badminton in May 2006 Federation, the rules changed radically with regard to the counting of the points. Henceforth the match is played in two gaining sets of 21 points, as well for the men as the ladies. It is the same for all the categories of age and in the various tables of plays (DH, DD and DMx). Each exchange gained by a player is entered by a point with its credit. When the two players are with a score of 20-20, the play continues until one of the two adversaries has two points of variation. To 29-29, the first with 30 is declared victorious sleeve.

Stops between the sets

A 2 minutes stop is authorized between each set. At this time the players can receive councils (2 coaches to the maximum can penetrate on the ground, they must leave it 20s before the resumption of the play). A one minute stop during each set when a player (or a pair in double) arrives at 11 points must be respected if a player asks it. The player can constantly receive councils between the exchanges (as long as the wheel is not concerned and with the proviso of not slowing down the match), on behalf of his coach, and of him only, sitted behind him at the edge of the ground.

To mark a point

Each gained exchange is entered by a point in more in the score of the player who gains it even if this one did not have the service. The player takes again the service after having marked the point.

Faults

With the service, the waiter has the right only to one test, and must always be useful in diagonal.

There is fault if it misses the wheel or if it does not respect one of the points of the following payment:

  • the wheel must be struck under the size by the waiter (the size corresponds to an imaginary line at the level of the last floating ribs);
  • at the time of the impact, the stem of the racket must be downwards tilted;

  • the waiter must be in the zone of service without going on the lines;

  • the movement of the racket must be continuous and go forwards.

Concerned, there is fault if:

  • the wheel falls apart from the limits, a wheel falling on the line (even external) is good;
  • the wheel passes through or under the net;
  • the wheel touches the ceiling of the sports hall;
  • the racket or the player touches the net;
  • the wheel is struck in the opposing side;
  • the wheel is struck twice by the same player or the same team;
  • the player voluntarily distracts adversary (cry, gesture, insult, etc).

To note that if the gesture finishes in the unfavourable ground whereas the striking of the wheel was indeed carried in its own ground and that the adversary was not obstructed by this movement, then it does not have fault there.

Limits of the ground

  • Into simple, the players clash on the reduced ground of the two side corridors. With the service, the wheel must, moreover, to fall down in the great square of service diagonally opposed to the waiter, behind the short control line.

  • In double, the teams clash on the totality of the ground. With the service, the wheel must, moreover, to fall down in the small square of service diagonally opposed to the waiter, between the lines control short and long service.

Placement of the players

Into simple

  • the waiter is placed in its zone of right-hand side if its score is even (0 being counted like such).
  • It will be placed in the zone of left if its score is odd.
  • the adversary is placed in the zone diagonally opposite.

In double

  • Contrary to the old rules, it has nothing any more but only one hand there. That means that when team takes the service, there is only one player who is useful. If the exchange is lost, there is not second service but the service returns to the adversary.
  • the service is done according to the score: if the score is null or even, it is the player being in the zone of right-hand side which is useful and if the score is odd, it is that which is in the zone of left which is useful.
  • the players change side of service (right-hand side-left) only when they mark a point on their service and it is the same player who is useful again. When one marks a point by taking again the service with the adversary, everyone preserves its position on the ground. This system makes it possible to the partners alternatively to be used with each change as hand.

Stop of play (Let)

There is let:

  • when the wheel remains suspended on the net after having crossed it, except with the service (which is then fault);
  • when the service is carried out before the receiver is not ready;
  • when the wheel disintegrates concerned;
  • when the wheel cannot be judged;
  • when the waiter and the receiver make both a fault;
  • when an unforeseeable case occurs.

Drawing lot

A drawing lot - the toss - takes place at the beginning of the match. It consists in posing the wheel on the net (in competition a coin is used) and to drop it on the ground the orientation from the stopper designates the winner of the pulling which can then choose between:
  • to serve or receive
  • to choose its half-ground
If it chooses the service, the loser can then choose the half-ground of his choice.

Change of half-ground

The players change half-ground at the end of each handle and in the case of a third handle, as soon as the score is of 11 points for one of the two players. The player who gained the set preserves the service to begin the following sleeve.

The material

Rackets

The rackets are light and are approximately 65 cm long, the head (sieve) measurement approximately 20 cm broad. There exist several shapes of heads (oval or isometric) and several flexibilities. In general, the high level players play with very rigid rackets. The weight of a racket goes from 80g for lightest (70g for one of lightest, Karakal SSL 70 only tallies without rope) to more than 100 G for the metal rackets with an average which ranges between 85 and 95 G. The marks of the most known rackets are: Yonex, Wilson, Black Knight, Techno Pro, Forza, Babolat, Carlton, Victor, Talbot Torro, Winex, Karakal, Head…

Wheels

There exist three types of wheels:

  • the wheel with head and skirt out of plastic is used by the children, the school beginners (not used within a club) or on the beach: very light and resistant, the major disadvantage is that it flies very far.

  • the wheel with head out of cork and plastic skirt, it is the model used for the not classified players: very resistant, ideal for the leisure or the school one but having a curved trajectory, called “parabolic trajectory”.
  • the wheel with head out of cork and skirt in feather: used in competition, more fragile, but having an ideal trajectory. This trajectory is usually called “trajectory parachute”, the wheel going up in straight line then going down almost to the vertical, not having more horizontal speed. The feathers used are goose feathers.
The price of these wheels is function of their quality. A plastic wheel has one lifespan definitely longer than a wheel in feather. The lifespan of the wheel depends on the power of the players: certain sets of very high level use until ten wheels plucks. Since the epizooty of avian flu, the price of the wheels with skirt in goose feathers increased considerably. For wheels of quality, the production costs in China increased by 20 to 25% since 2004.

The ground

The ground of badminton on the whole makes 13,40 meters (6,70 m on both sides of the net) of length and 6,10 meters broad. This ground is divided into corridors and zones of service. The corridors side, valid for the matches of double are 48 cm broad. The basic corridors, nonvalid with the service in double, are 78 cm broad. 2 meters separate the net, in the center of the ground of the first control line.

The zones of service thus have: Into simple: 2,67 m broad for 4,70 m length. In double: 3,15 m broad for 3,93 m length.

Principal blows

  • the service long, short, tightened (“flick”)
  • the Smash, half-smash
  • the Deadened of the right blow (high hand)
  • the Deadened of the right blow (control)
  • the Deadened of the reverse (high hand)
  • the Deadened of the reverse (control)
  • against deadened (to surprise the adversary)
  • the drive
  • the rush, brush
  • the Released of the right blow
  • the Released of the reverse
  • the lob of the right blow
  • the lob of the reverse
  • the overhead
  • the Slice of the right blow
  • the Reverse slice of the right blow
  • the Slice reverse
  • the Reverse slice reverse

See also: Amorce=Voir also the article, Blows with tennis

Major competitions

The major tournaments sanctioned by the BWF (Badminton World Federation) are:

  • the BWF vents: Thomas Cup , Uber Cup , Sudirman Cup and individual championships of the world

  • Super Series : 12 prestigious opens and a final ( Super Series Final ) at the end of the year
  • the Grand Prix Gold : mainly Open in the past 3 or 4 stars

Although not sanctioned by the BWF two events also, even more prestigious, come to be added to the list above:

The Open of France makes from now on left as Super Series, of the most important tournaments, in particular in this year of qualification for the Olympic Games. Here, by order chronolgic, the 12 opens cash for the super series:

  1. Malaysia

  2. Korea
  3. England (AlEngland)
  4. Swiss
  5. Singapore
  6. Indonesia
  7. China (1)
  8. Japan
  9. Denmark
  10. France
  11. China (2)
  12. Hong-Kong
As well as the Final in December.

Classifications

In France

The national classification is composed of the series Elite, has, B, C and D.

Each series is made up of 4 classifications: for example B1, B2, B3, B4 (the best being B1).

Small exception, the classifications of the series “Elite” are Top5, Top10, Top20, Top50 (according to their national row).

The classified as players “Elite” are the best and players NC (Not Classified) are those which begin or which do not dispute a competition.

A player has a specific classification to each discipline (simple men/ladies, double men/ladies and double mixed) and his classifications are often expressed as follows: S/D/Mx. For example: C1/C4/D1.

The classification depends on a number of points entered according to the victories or the defeats. Calculation is rather complex and the classification of the player is revalued in September and in February on the basis of match played at the time of the last 12 months.

In Belgium

In Belgium, one distinguishes four classifications: With, B, C and D; the classification has gathering the players of the highest level.

The classifications B and C are subdivided in B2, B1, C2 and C1.

In tournament, only the classified players of has with C1 have the obligation to play with wheels in feathers. The plastic wheels are used by the classified players C2 and D .

In Luxembourg

In Luxembourg one finds also the four classifications has, B, C and D. Each one of these classifications is subdivided in 2 classes which are named as follows: A00 (the strongest players) A05 B10 B15 C20 C25 D30 D35 (initial classification for a new player). The individual classification of each player is re-examined after each match of national championship. One makes positive points for each match gained against an of the same player or of a higher classification and negative points for match lost against a lower or equal classification. One goes up in the category higher than +12 points and one goes down from classification to -6.

In Quebec

The classification is divided into 4 categories: Elite, has, B and C. It does not have there a subcategory as there exists in France. According to certain criteria, players can be promoted at the end of each season. However, there does not exist any démotion except if the player makes the request of it and that this request is accepted by the federation.

In Switzerland

The national classification includes/understands the categories has, B, C, D and NC (not classified). The categories has with D are subdivided in degrees 1,2 and 3 (e.g. B1, C3). A player has a specific classification to each discipline (simple, double and mixed), but the classification between the best and the least good discipline should not exceed 2 degrees, so that the match is taken into account for the classification. The category has is raised, followed category B, and so on. All the official matches disputed at the time of the last 12 months before the date of evaluation are taken into account.

The classification is established on the basis of point, according to the classification of the adversary, or the average classification of the unfavourable pair. A defeat does not have negative points for consequence. On the other hand, the match counts for the addition of the disputed matches (never lower than 10), except for the defeats against a player or a classified pair two degrees higher or more. The total of the points of a player is, by discipline, the sum of the points of the gained matches divided by the total of the matches taken into account. However, the victories which lower the total of the points are not taken into account.

Large players

> Of simple

> Of double

References

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