Böblingen

Böblingen is a city located in the Federal Republic of Germany in the Land of the Bade-Wurtemberg, approximately 20 km in the south-west of Stuttgart. It is a chief town of district and after Sindelfingen, the second larger town of its district. Its conurbation with Sindelfingen in fact a regional center. The city was classified principal chief town ( Grosse Kreisstadt ) at February 1st 1962.

Geography

Böblingen, built with hillside of a hill, is in the North-East of the plate which forms an arm of the national forest of the Schönbuch. The Black Forest, more in north, is only at one hour of road of Böblingen, and the the Jura souabe at approximately 40 minutes.

Close cities

The following cities, of the east in the west and in the direction of the needles of a watch, touch the suburbs of Böblingen:
Leinfelden-Echterdingen (district of Esslingen) like Schönaich, Holzgerlingen, Ehningen and Sindelfingen (all located in the district of Böblingen).

Districts

Böblingen, in addition to its downtown area, was seen attaching the district of Dagersheim following the regional reform of September 1st 1971. Dagersheim however elects with each election local a local council and a representative at the municipal council of Böblingen. One distinguishes still sometimes and for historical reasons certain small islands from the downtown area, like Tannenberg, Rauher Kapf and Diezenhalde, but their same limits became rather fuzzy nowadays.

Town planning

Böblingen with the city close to Sindelfingen forms an important urban center within the district of Stuttgart. This agglomeration comprises, in addition to Böblingen and its neighbor, the boroughs of Aidlingen, Altdorf-EIB-Böblingen, Ehningen, Gärtringen, Grafenau, Hildrizhausen, Holzgerlingen, Magstadt, Schönaich, Steinenbronn, Waldenbuch (seat of the chocolates Ritter Sport !) and Weil im Schönbuch.

History

Have regard to its recent foundation, the history of Böblingen is hardly provided, but it is nevertheless interesting.

The foundation of the city goes back indeed only to the year 1272, date on which the city became the seat of a branch of the line of the Count Palatines of Tübingen. The plan of the city: an half-oval around the feudal Mound, with the place of the market of lengthened form served by lanes there convergent with right angle, is indebted of these first princes.

Actually, the remainders of a Mammouth testify to the human presence on the site of the city to the Paléolithique (towards 25.000-20 000 front J.C.). Traces of habitat and tombs with Tumulus provide also vestiges of the Bronze Age (towards 1100 av. J.C.) and of the age of iron (late Hallstatt and period of Tène towards 400 av. J.C.). The first written mentions date only from the Middle Ages, towards 1100 a. J. Chr.: „Bebelingen “is given for the name of a chalk-lining Alaman. The final in - ingen of the toponym of Böblingen is typically Germanic besides, while the first part of the toponym comes from a name: “Bobilo”.

As of the XIVe century, the reign of the Count Palatines of Tübingen arrived in the long term: the economic decline forced the branch of Böbligen to yield the city in 1344 (that is to say 1357) to the counts de Wurtemberg. Böblingen was starting from this date the seat of a local bailliage of Wurtemberg, the “ Oberamt ”.

The castle was the center around whose the city developed until 1945. One finds the first mentions of the castle-extremely in 1302, although ceramics vestiges show a local activity between the VIIe century and the IXe century. It is in XVe century that the castle knows its apogee: Böblingen is then the stronghold of the widows of the House of Wurtemberg. Two of these widowed countesses took part in the prosperity of the city: the countess Mathilde de Palatinat, mother of the count Eberhard Bearded the, and Barbara de Gonzague, countess of Mantoue, widow of this same Eberhard. These two women made small town of farmers who was then Böblingen a high-place of humanism and Rebirth in the Holy roman Empire.

But the life with Böblingen was not always pink: May 12th, 1525 the city was the theater of one of the bloodiest episodes of the Guerre of the peasants. In their combat for justice and freedom, 15.000 peasants of Wurtemberg, the Black Forest and Hegau were massacred by the knights of the Ligue of Souabe carried out by George III, “rider edge” of Waldburg. The files of the “national museum of the war of the peasants” of Böblingen preserve many testimonys of this repression.

The city, with a general-purpose production at the beginning of the XIXe century, played a driving role in the Industrial revolution in Germany. The laboratory of Bonz pharmacies was essential during this period like one of the active centers of the chemical synthesis, particularly in the field of opiates, and the workshops of Wagner mechanics, specialized in the hydraulic presses, the weaving looms and the steam engines, were used as window with the manufacturing output of Wurtemberg. The decisive impulse came for industry from Böblingen from the arrival from the Railroad in 1879, which allowed the introduction of new industries.

During the First World War, the authorities inaugurated on August 16th, 1915 the military aerodrome. This choice had an particular importance for the economic development of the city, making in 1925 of the aerodrome of Böblingen the regional airport of Wurtemberg. A pioneer of aviation, Dr. Hans Klemm (1885-1961) decided for this reason to establish in 1926 his workshops (“Leichtflugzeugbau Klemm”) close to the airport. Until the end of the Second world war, this company was the principal employer of Böblingen.

The air attack of the Royal Air Force in the night of the 7 with the October 8th 1943 was more the severely tested of the city during its history, with very many victims; most of the center town, as well as the cathedral, the castle and the Town hall were reduced in ashes. The later Bombardement S made that at the end of the hostilities, approximately 40% of the built inheritance had disappeared, leaving 2.000 people without shelter.

After the monetary reform of June 20th, 1948 the rebuilding was fast. The population tripled in only two decades (1950: 12.600; 1970: 37.500). The installation of American industries innovating like IBM (1949) and Hewlett-Packard (1959) as well as the persistence of many subcontractors who survived the First oil crisis of 1973, allowed a parallel development of the economy and demography.

The population of Böblingen exceeded the 20.000 in 1957, which determined the municipality to postulate for the attribution of the statute of principal city of district, which actually was granted by the government of Bade Wurtemberg on February 1st, 1962. The unification with the agglomeration close to Sindelfingen to the beginning of the year 1970 failed in consequence of the opposition of a majority of the inhabitants. Böblingen organized a regional horticultural festival in 1996, arranging for this occasion of many green areas in the downtown area.

Demography

The figures of population are sometimes estimates, results of census (¹) or abundant data by various administrations (only the Résident S are counted). | valign=" top" | |} ¹ Vcompte of recensement

Monuments

Twinning

Böblingen is twinned at the following cities:

Pontoise, since 1956
Geleen, famous Sittard-Geleen (Netherlands), since 1962
Bergamo (Turkey), since 1967
Glenrothes, in Fife (Scotland), since 1971
Krems year der Donau (Austria), since 1972
Alba (Italy), since 1985
Sömmerda in the ex- GDR, since 1988

See too

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