Aytré

Aytré is a common French, located in the department of the Charente-Maritime and the area Poitou-Charentes. Its inhabitants is called the Aytrésiens and the Aytrésiennes .

Geography

Localization

Aytré is a commune of the agglomeration of La Rochelle, joint and in the south of this one. It is located in edge of the Atlantic Ocean, with approximately 150 kilometers in the south of Nantes and with 185 kilometers in the north of Bordeaux. The commune extends between the point from Coureilles (limit of bay of La Rochelle) and the Pointe from Chay, in the south.

Aytré is with the intersection of the NR 137 (which connects Saint-Malo to Bordeaux while passing by La Rochelle) and of D 939 which connects La Rochelle to Surgères, Saint-Jean-with Angély and Angouleme. The downtown area is crossed by the old main road which constitutes the southern entry of La Rochelle when one comes from Bordeaux, Rochefort or Royan. A by-pass 2 times two ways which circumvents the agglomeration also crosses the commune.

The commune of Aytré was much wider in the past, going to the Maubec channel and to the point of Coureilles (currently the Tiny ones with La Rochelle). The territory comprised to nineteen hamlets. The extension of the large neighbor La Rochelle included with the wire of the centuries many these hamlets, (of which the Tiny ones, Tasdon and Bongraine) in particular in 1216, 1372 and 1590. The territory of Aytré will be definitively fixed in its current forms only in 1858 following the arrival of the railroad and the construction of the first station on the commune.

Localities, hamlets and variations

The Curve, the small Seam, Coat-Meshs, Beautiful-Surface…

Communes bordering

Relief

The commune has a relief of marshy plain and the culminating point is only with 21 meters of altitude.

Geology

The relief of the Charente-Maritime consists of Plaine S and low plates, whose basement Calcaire is composed of layers Sédiment calco-marly surfaces, dating from the era Jurassic superior and having emerged of water to the Crétacé inferior. They were created 160 million years ago, whereas the France was submerged, by the Accrétion of Micro-organisme S on sea-beds, at the time where the Dinosaure S populated planet.

These layers, which are characterized by alternations of beds of marnes and limestones oolitic, are perfectly visible today on the Falaise S which border the Littoral. They highlight thick layers of white rocks alternating with layers of Sable and very friable Vase, being formed during the glacial periods, and with layers containing various corals, being formed during the tropical periods . Some, like the Point of Chay, in the south of the commune of Aytré, contain many Fossile S of marine animals and are a zone of archaeological studies very famous.

Limestone thus formed is largely used as construction material in the traditional houses of the area.

Hydrography

A channel separates the communes from Aytré and Angoulins, in the south. It allows the drainage of the marshes neighborhood. The commune also has a soft lake and marshes.

Climate

General data

Climate of the agglomeration rochelaise

The Climate of the Charente-Maritime east primarily of moderate type, but because of the influence of the Gulf Stream, from the Anticyclone of the Azores, and the moderating Effect of the sea, the department profits from a oceanic, softer Climat and more heat, called oceanic moderate climate.

This Microclimat allows the agglomeration rochelaise more, however located at a degree of Latitude in north that Montreal, with the Quebec, or that the islands Kouriles in Russia, to profit from a rate of exceptional Ensoleillement average, near to that of the Riviera, on the Mediterranean. The sunning is best Atlantic littoral there (2250 hours of sun per annum), and the area is the second sunniest area of France. The Hiver S are soft there (four days of Neige per annum), and the Pluviométrie, moderate (755 mm of Pluie per annum), is especially concentrated over the months of Automne and winter. At the beautiful season, the temperatures are softened by the breaks sea, due to the thermal inertia of the Océan, and which results in a sometimes constant wind which blows coming from the sea the afternoon.

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These climatic specificities - be dry and shine upon, soft and wet winter led to the establishment of a Végétation of the Mediterranean type cohabiting with a more continental or oceanic vegetation. They are also favourable with the Vacances and the Tourisme, and more particularly with the nautical activities, the more so as the Pertuis of Antioche constitutes an international reputation and water level protected remarkably well.

Cyclone of December 1999

The Charente-Maritime is the French department which was hard touched by the cyclone Martin of December 27th 1999. The national records of recorded winds were reached with 198 km/h on island of Oléron (to 25 km of Aytré) and 194 km/h with Royan (to 55 km). The unchained sea caused considerable damage on the littoral aytrésien.

Toponymy

One finds mentions of Aytré at the 9th century under the Roman name Aitriacus , then Aitriaco . Later the name will evolve/move in Naytré and Estrée . The current name will appear only at the 17th century.

Aytré would mean way, road, Roman way. It would come from the strata , imperial way Roman which crossed the territory of the commune.

History

Origins

The site of Aytré was occupied as of antiquity as the ceramics and the Gallo-Roman vestiges discovered with the locality testify some Moulinette like with the point to Coureilles.

The Middle Ages

Aytré belonged to the baronnie of Châtelaillon under the name of the Room of Aytré .

During the War one hundred year old, the kings of France tried many times to reconquer the fortified town of La Rochelle held by the English. The troops of kings de France stationed on the territory of Aytré at the time of the successive seats of 1224, 1226, 1295 and 1345.

In 1572, the catholic borough of Aytré was destroyed by rochelais Protestant.

XVIIème century

In 1604 an epidemic of plague prevails in the borough.

La Rochelle, become Protestant fortified town, was besieged last once of August 1627 at October 1628 by the troops of Louis XIII and Richelieu. This terrible seat saw 15.000 rochelais to perish out of the 20.000 inhabitants. The King made of Aytré his general headquarter and settled with the castle of Réaux while Richelieu was with the Bridge of Pierre. An army of almost 20.000 men stationed then on the territory of the commune, which upset the daily life of its inhabitants. During this period, the church of the borough was transformed into royal vault.

See also: Seat of the La Rochelle (1627-1628)

In 1660 a large bonfire celebrates the peace found in the borough.

In 1680 a boat makes shipwreck on banks of Aytré.

XVIIIème century

In 1703 a waterspout makes many damage in the village.

In 1773 a riot of the hunger bursts in the village. (as with Bordeaux the same year.)

Second world war

At the end of the Second world war, Aytré was found in the pocket of the La Rochelle , bastion of resistance of the German army. Most of the local population was evacuated for the ultimate combat of the release.

A city in constant change

The first economic activity of Aytré was the harvest of salt and fishing. The vine growing became then the main resource until the crisis of the Phylloxéra in 1870.

During the First World War, the Americans assembled with Pallice of the military railway material. Once the signed armistice, the Middeltown Company, an american company, founded in Aytré a factory for the manufacture of coaches and rolling stock, under the name of Charente-native Industrial companies (E.I.C.). The company was bought in 1934 by the Pullman Because Company. During the second world war, the factory was requisitioned by the German army, then repurchased by the group Rothschild. It was taken again in 1956 by the company Brissonneau and Lotz. Alsthom absorbed this company in 1972 and will become Alstom (without H ) in 1998.

This railway industrial site deeply will mark and change the destiny of the agricultural village by transforming it industrial and working downtown.

The urbanization of the commune was done with the detriment of cultivated agricultural surfaces: there remain only two farms today out of the thirty initial ones.

Aytré became thus the second most populated commune agglomeration rochelaise and is placed today in fifth position of the towns of Charente-Maritime, constituting one of the most important industrial poles of the department.

Heraldic

Administration

Municipality

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Canton

Aytré is place chief of canton. The Canton of Aytré is located in the Arrondissement of the La Rochelle and gathers, in addition to Aytré, two other communes: Angoulins and Châtelaillon-Beach.

Intercommunality

Aytré forms part, with 17 other communes of the Aunis of the Communauté of agglomeration of the La Rochelle, created in 1999.

Budget and taxation

The Taxe of dwelling taken by the commune was in 2006 of 13,05%, the Real estate tax on the built properties was of 29,50% and the Professional tax of 17,94%.

Twinning and co-operation

Idea appeared the shortly after the Second world war, the Jumelage of communes seemed being a means of weaving bonds and of establishing close sociocultural relations with its neighbors after the conflict which had just torn the world and Europe. Twinnings relate to today more 15 000 European local government agencies, of which 3 800 distributed on all the France, and with the traditional cultural exchanges and of friendship add aspects of exchanges of know-how, economic partnership, and solidarity.

; The town of Aytré is twinned with:

Demography

Demographic trends

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Population pyramid

Economy

The common one counts 72 companies in industry and 66 in the construction industry. One also finds there 121 trade and 90 services. The agricultural sector is present with three farms and 22 conchylaceous.

Industry

Aytré counted, in 1999, 4744 employment in more than 400 industrial companies, that is to say an increase of 31% in 9 years. The companies are established for the majority in the two industrial and artisanal parks: that of the Coat-Meshs and that of Beautiful-Surface.

Alstom in Aytré carries out the TGV, subways and Tramway (of which the Citadis) for the whole world. (Mexico City, Athens, Cairo, but also Nantes, Grenoble, Lyon, Bordeaux…) The factory employs 1200 worker and is the most important industry of Charente-Maritime. The company induced many other employment in its local subcontractors, in the fields of the Plasturgie, the Machining, tack welding and wiring.

Agriculture

Some oyster culturists is present on the littoral.

Tourism

Activity forsaken a long time by the city with the profit of industry, tourism is on the way to develop thanks to the 3,5 kilometers of sand beaches which the littoral aytrésien proposes. The beach, still relatively little attended and forming a not very deep handle, is very appraisal of the surfers. The beach had been forsaken from its relative distance of the historical center-borough and from its enclavement (the railway La Rochelle - Bordeaux skirting it and cutting it from the city).

Unemployment rate

Unemployment accounted for 11,6% of the credits in 2006 (the regional average being of 10,7% for the Poitou-Charentes).

Culture and inheritance

Culture

The commune has a theater (House Georges Brassens) and a Médiathèque.

Civil inheritance

The Horse of Aytré, sculpture of Christian Renonciat. Cettte sculpture was carried out in 1989

Religious heritage

The church Saint-Etienne of Aytré dates from the 19th century.

Environmental inheritance

The bay of the La Rochelle

The bay of the La Rochelle, which is classified in conchylaceous zone and belongs to the Réseau Natura 2000, is a remarkable site by the quality of its seamen circle and its strong biological productivity. Large marine mammals is present there, such as for example the Grand dolphin, the Marsouin, the black globicéphale, the dolphin of Risso, the common dolphin, the gray Phoque, various marine tortoises of which the Caouanne, the Tortue lute, the green Tortue, the Tortue of Kemp, as well as fish of protected estuaries (Alose and Lamproie). It is also a zone of reproduction for the cuttlefish and the jellyfish Rizostoma pulmo . Benthic fauna, made up mainly of Worm S sailors and Shell S, is as for it relatively poor.

Beach of Aytré

The beach, long, 3,5 kilometers consists of fine sand and form a broad not very deep handle between two headlands limestones.

a station Liselec is present beside the town hall. Liselec is a service of hiring of electric cars in self-service (24h on 24 and 7 days a week) by subscription, making it possible to circulate in all the agglomeration rochelaise using 50 cars distributed out of 7 stations.
6 terminals taxis are distributed on the whole of the commune.
the town of Aytré is connected to a dense network of 150 km cycle tracks of the agglomeration rochelaise. A track also makes it possible to join Rochefort.

Education

The common one counts three nursery schools, three elementary, and two colleges.

Aytré has a council school of music and dance.

The commune also proposes a Recreational center.

Sports

Each year takes place the Semi-marathon of Alstom.

The quarterfinal of the championship of athletic France of Force proceeded in Aytré in February 2003.

Local life

Market

An ecological fair takes place all the third weekend of June. This gone bio gathers 120 exhibitors in the open air, of the conferences, the artists of street, the plays for children and a restoration bio.

Environment

The town of Aytré has a Déchèterie and carries out a collection of waste by recycling.

Personalities related to the commune

Eugene Martin, French racing driver (Formula 1) is deceased in Aytré on October 12th 2006.

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