Avian flu in the European Union

__TOC__

Germany

First wave of the avian flu between October 2005 and August 2006

  • the found greylag gooses dead on October 24th 2005 close to Coblentz do not present any trace of the Virus of the Avian flu, contrary to what had been announced Tuesday, indicates the regional ministry of the Environment of the Rhineland-Palatinat.

  • February 8th 2006: four swans (three Cygnus olor and a Cygnus cygnus ) are found died with Wiek in the north of the island of Rügen (the Baltic). The same day and in the vicinity, in the north of the ïle, one Around the wood pigeons ( Accipiter gentilis ) is found died with Dranske. The H5N1 will be diagnosed in 2 swans (Cygnus olor and Cygnus cygnus) and at around. In the weeks which will follow, of many other birds will be found died and carrying the virus, initially on the island then on the continent in north, then in the south of the country and the center.

  • Saturday February 18th 2006: 40 confirmed cases of avian flu.
  • Monday February 20th 2006: 59 confirmed cases of avian flu.
  • Thursday February 23rd 2006: - 103 wild birds touched since the February 14th, the majority on the Baltic island of Rügen .110 cases are officially confirmed the February 24th 2006 (primarily of the wild swans, whose source is not clear (great migrations or local displacements?). The Minister for agriculture announces a news " grande" communication campaign towards the public.
- False alarm for a duck of breeding of the island of Rügen initially tested positive.
- but new case of duck confirmed carrying (subject to confirmation for Monday) on the Lake Constancy more in the south, close to the Swiss , on German bank, in the Land of the Bade-Wurtemberg.
- the Swiss cantons bordering on Saint-Gall and Thurgovie were not yet informed officially the 24 morning and had not taken any measurement. “There is no reason to panic” (Markus Seiler, assistant veterinary cantonal), but if a duck is found with less than 10 km of Switzerland, the country will take supplementary measures.
  • Friday February 24th 2006: H5N1 is confirmed in the Land of the the Schleswig-Holstein (N-W) near the Denmark, and of the Land of the Mecklembourg-Poméranie, where 110 dead wild birds found and were already tested infected until now, and on 2 wild duck found deads previous days.
  • Tuesday February 28th 2006: a cat found on the island of Rügen was contaminated by H5N1 according to the information given by the media after an official statement of the federal Research institute for animal health. Highly pathogenic virus H5N1 was confirmed on this cat by the German national laboratory Friedrich-Loffler. The cat-like one was found close to bay of Wittow on the Baltic island of Rügen in the north of Allemagne.
    “One knew for a certain time that the cats could be reached by eating infected birds”, pointed out Thomas Mettenleiter, president of the institute. While waiting for an analysis of confirmation, the laboratory required of all the people of the area of Wittow having of the cats to prevent them from circulating outside. If it is confirmed, it will be the first case of cat-like touched in Europe.
    to see the page More: the cat and the influenza.

  • Wednesday the 1st er March 2006: after the discovery Tuesday of the 1st dead cat of the H5N1 on the island of Rügen, German must keep the cats locked up and to keep the dogs leaves some in the affected areas by virus H5N1 of the avian flu. Cats and dogs found died in these zones must be announced to the veterinarian authorities.

- Following the difficulties encountered on the island of Rügen and for better coordinating the fight, the Bundestag wishes to increase its medical and epidemiologic matter competences. Bärbel Höhn (Greens), president of the commission on the agriculture of the Bundestag, estimates that “Bund should have a right of action in Lander” on these questions, which would imply to change the German constitution. Mr. Seehofer, Minister for agriculture, regretted being able to put forth only recommendations. A spokesperson of the minister had announced Monday February 27th 2006 that the ministerial coordination of the plans of crisis was being studied without encroaching on the field of competence of Lander nor to modify the constitution. And the Lands seem indeed immediately to have applied required measurements.
  • Friday March 3rd 2006: whereas the airports must maintain their vigilance as regards avian flu, the south and the west of Germany are touched by strong snowfalls; the areas of the Hand and the Rhine had not received any as much for 15 years. The snow-drifts reach two meters thickness in Bavaria (Southern) and in the Bade-Wurtemberg (S-W) and snow causes in a few hours several hundreds of road accidents, including at least three mortals. Many motorists are blocked in their car whereas the night fall. Snow in the course of the day strongly disturbed the air traffic: more than 430 flights have being cancelled in the day only with the airport of Frankfurt, blocking 10 with 20  000 passengers. The other flights almost all were delayed several hours.
    Certain persons in charge wonders what would occur if a beginning of pandemia occurred under such conditions.
    the authorities of Rügen estimate that the crisis passed. The army will leave the island and the Rotoluve S will be withdrawn Saturdays February 4th announces the presse.
    To date, the breedings and German hen houses seem saved, but the virus was found on more than 140 wild birds, including 115 only on the Baltic island of Rügen. The Land of Mecklembourg-Poméranie Western is more touché.
    Ce day the H5N1 (subject to confirmation) was detected for the first time in a big city, in a duck (in Mannheim, in the S-W of the country), on a Foulque (found died with Wandlitz, to approximately 30 km of the center of Berlin), and on a swan (found in a field with Neuküstrinchen to approximately 60 km in the east of Berlin).
  • Saturday March 4th 2006: a H5 virus is detected in a sixth German Land, the Lower Saxony at a Greylag goose “fallen from the sky in full flight” in a field of the surroundings of Soltau-Fallingbostel according to spokesperson of the food security service and of consumer protection of the Land.
  • Tuesday March 7th 2006: two other cats died, infected by “the most virulent form” of virus H5N1 on the German island of Rügen according to the ministry for Agriculture. Their corpses were found in bay of Wittau, near the place where the first cat infected by the virus in Europe had been discovered the previous week. To date 170 birds were recognized infected in six Lands, including approximately 145 on the island of Rügen, where the first case was located the February 14th 2006.
  • Thursday March 9th 2006: a long pitchfork found dying on March 2nd on the island of Rügen is quite carrying virus H5N1. It was cut down. It is the first long pitchfork found carrying the virus, but that does not modify the fundamental evaluation of epizooty according to Thomas Mettenleiter, the president of the institute which made the analysis.
  • Wednesday March 22nd 2006/Research: With the creation of a " convention for research on the zoonoses" the government announces on March 22nd to have resolved 60 million euro over 4 years for research on the transmissible animal infectious illness with the man (" zoonoses"). The Institute Robert Koch, the Institute Paul Ehrlich and the Institut Friedrich Loeffler (or FLI) are missionnés in urgency to fill the scientific gaps on the H5N1 and more generally on the pandemic risk and the fight plans against this risk. The ministry for Research supports on its side the search for a human vaccine with 20 million euros. And 20 million euros will be assigned to the study of the modes of transmission of the infectious illness of the animal to the man. Made up teams doctors and veterinary surgeons, in partnership with industry will work around a " platform of research on the zoonoses".
  • Friday March 24th 2006: the government announces that a found tube the March 18th 2006 with Marzahn-Hellersdorf (peripheral district of Berlin) was infected by the H5N1.
  • Monday March 27th 2006: the Berlin capital is put in surveillance zone by precaution following the loss of information on the place of discovered tube carrying the virus (the address noted on the bag in which the dead bird was locked up corresponds to the address of people which says to have found a geai and not a tube).

  • Wednesday April 5th 2006: The regional ministry of the social Affairs of Saxony announced the presence of virus H5N1 of the avian flu, for the first time, in a poultry breeding after the publication of the analyzes carried out by the veterinary National institute in Rheims.

- the ministry had announced before that the 15.000 poultries of this breeding would be cut down by prevention.
  • Saturday April 22nd 2006: The German Minister for Agriculture, Horst Seehofer, announced Friday to want to prolong for one unlimited duration enfermement poultries in Germany, following an expertise considering always high the risk of contamination by the avian flu.
- a confinement measure of the poultries, already applied between October and December at the time of the passage of the migratory birds towards the south, had entered again into force in February following the discovery of dead birds carrying the H5N1 on the island of Rügen.
- It must be re-examined at the end of April. Plus of 300 wild birds infected by the dangerous virus of the avian flu was found died .

  • Thursday August 3rd 2006/the young black swan died in the zoo of Dresden died of the H5N1. The other birds placed in quarantine does not seem not reached, nor curiously his/her parents. According to the GOOSE, H5N1 was confirmed on August 3rd, 2006. The sequencing makes on August 4th, 2006 showed a highly pathogenic profile of the sequence of amino-acids on the level of the Zone of cleavage of protein ha.

The vaccination of the birds of the zoo is authorized, but no animal had still been vaccinated. Measurements: control wild animals tanks of the disease-causing agent; control displacements inside the country; tracking; zoning

The second vagueness of the avian flu since June 2007

More than one about fifty wild birds carrying the H5N1 were found (deaths) from June with the beginning of August in Germany, of which in Bavaria, Thuringe and in Saxony, with;
  • Saturday June 23rd 2007: Seven dead birds around two Bavaria Lakes close to the municipality of Nuremberg; all carriers of the H5N1 HP. Panels were installed Saturday around the lakes.
  • Tuesday June 26th 2007: A new hearth of H5N1 is detected in a small town close to Leipzig with the discovery of 3 dead swans.
  • In July and at the beginning of August 2007, of the dead wild birds was found carrying the H5N1. Does Bavaria (Southern of Germany) seem more touched (better monitoring? or prevalence indeed more important?).
  • Tuesday July 3rd 2007: The ministry for the health of Thuringe indicates that a black grèbe dead in the surroundings of Kelbra close to Erfurt was quite carrying virus H5N1.
  • Monday August 6th 2007, In Bavaria, 3 ducks are found died, also carrying the H5N1 HP in the lake Speichersee (interactive chart + air image) close to Munich in the North-East to the regional capital. Information was not given (local police source with the press) only at the time of the installation of a safety zone; closed area of one kilometer and observation of three kilometers). This lake has a function of tank, hydroelectric production and attracts many fishermen. Its western end touches the boxing ring external of Munich and a North-South railway. 14 other birds were found died in the zone (without knowledge to date of the causes of their death, according to the German press).

  • Saturday August 25th 2007: Ducks are found died in an enclosure of a breeding with Wachenroth (Bavaria) (the analyzes will confirm the H5N1); Nearly 170.000 poultries are cut down) after dead birds were found in two others enclosed instead of one, in the farm close to the German city of Erlangen. Ducks carrying the H5N1 could possibly have been sold before the discovery, according to the local veterinarian authority (Ottmar Fick) quoted by the press.

  • Monday September 10th 2007: the H5N1 in Bavaria continues to be propagated in ducks of breeding, with two new announced hearths and approximately 205.000 ducks shot down around Nittenauen (South-Bavaria).

Austria

First wave of the avian flu between February and March 2006

  • Monday 13 and February 14th 2006: two swans found died in a tank in the district of Graz-Umgebung with Mellach, were confirmed positive with the H5N1 the February 18th 2006.

  • Sunday February 19th 2006: the worldwide is classified in “zone at the risk”, which implies the containment of the poultries in enclosure, measurements of biosecurity reinforced and the prohibition of the markets of birds, in accordance with the legislation of the EU. Protection zones and of monitoring were established around the tank.
  • Monday February 20th 2006: the country confirms with GOOSE that other suspicions are raised in the federal provinces of Steiermark (Hartberg district), Niederösterreich (Korneuburg district), Vienna, and that protection zones and of monitoring were established around all the places where suspect wild birds were found.

  • Friday March 3rd 2006: six new cases of H5N1 are detected in the west and the south of Austria (what changes to 29 the total of the cases discovered in Austria).

  • Monday March 6th 2006: Following a research of the H5N1 in some cats of the refuge for animals of Noah's Ark to Graz in the Land of Styrie, mountainous region of the south of the country, where the first avian hearth of the country was identified the February 14th 2006, virus H5N1 was again detected there, this time on 3 cats (still alive) of which two according to the analyzes seem to be naturally removed from the virus, without to have developed the disease even announces a spokesperson of the Federal agency of food safety (Old) the evening. It is a new data which can have a great ecoepidemiologic importance.
Note:: It is in this same refuge that 2 hens had been found carrying virus H5N1 the February 22nd 2006 (first contaminated poultries of the EU). The ministry for Health had then allotted the contamination of these hens in the vicinity of an wild swan discovered the February 10th (start date of the event = February 13rd according to bulletin GOOSE, concerning two swans (ftp://ftp.oie.int/infos_san_archives/fr/2006/fr_060223v19n08.pdf) with Mellach, in the suburbs of Graz. This swan had been transported in the refuge and it proved infected by H5N1.
Environ 170 cats and nearly 200 dogs are also sheltered in the refuge, in enclosures closed but close to the cages of the birds. In February, three ducks of the refuge had also been tested positive with the H5N1 HP. No poultry stockbreeder not having declared the disease in the surroundings, the veterinarian authorities had concluded with a “case isolated” from transmission from the virus from an wild bird to volailles.
the refuge was closed and its 170 cats placed in quarantine at the medical college veterinary surgeon the university Vienna, in Nickelsdorf to Low-Austria (is) where they all will be examined. In spite of this case of contamination, the containment of the cats in the zones close to declared hearths of avian flu is not considered by the ministry for Health according to its door parole.
Peter Wagner, person in charge of the veterinary services of Styrie estimates that the contamination of the cats could have been done via food or of the fientes.
the GOOSE recalled on March 1st 2006 (http://www.oie.int/fr/press/fr_060301.htm) that in 2004 in zoological gardens of Bangkok more than 40 tigers died and much other patients, after being nourished with whole chicken carcasses “most probably infected by H5N1  ”.
Les tigers could be infected by inhaling viruses present on the feathers or the skin or by ingestion of droppings or viruses present in the intestines, or by licking the babines.
“other fatalities " normaux" H5N1 were reported in domestic cats in Asia” adds GOOSE and the cats are “known to be likely virus H5N1” and that “Under experimental conditions the transmission of cat-with-cat of virus H5N1 was also shown”. The GOOSE does not think that the virus evolved/moved to be more transmissible with the cat or other mammals, but that the discovery of a cat with Rügen translates simply a high degree of vigilance and a good monitoring system into Europe.
As the European Center for the control of the diseases (European Center for Disease Control ESDC), the GOOSE recommends however to the owners of cat, to consult a veterinary surgeon in the event of grippaux symptoms in cats which could be driven in freedom in zones where virus H5N1 was detected.
  • Some reactions to the problem of the cats touched by a H5N1 in Austria:
* Wednesday March 8th 2006 Horst Seehofer, federal minister for Agriculture estimates that the cat infected and died cats means that the passage of the virus on mammal is not a single case and that the avian flu “approaches human clearly”, but one learns the same day as the three cats which had been contaminated by the virus in a refuge the previous weekend in Austria seem to be themselves disencumbered about it. The cats could thus at least under certain conditions of defending themselves against the virus and of getting rid some. They were not a priori in direct contact with the infected birds. Perhaps did they react well because the amount which infected them was weaker, or because they profited from better conditions that the two cats of Rügen which were cold talk outside, unless it is not about variable less pathogenic of the virus?
Remark : “ It there forever have clinical description of an infection by virus H5N1 in the cat under the natural conditions in the Asian countries where the infection is perennial ”, could one read at the beginning of 2006 pennies the feather of Jeanne Brugère-Picoux, pr. at the National school veterinary of Houses-Alfort (auteure of the Point on the bird influenza , the Dispatch veterinary surgeon , technical supplement n° 97 and Avian flu: good questions, the true answers , Milan Actu, 6,50 euros.
  • Thursday March 9th 2006: like many journalists, Michel de Pracontal (NouvelObs in line, Week of the Thursday, March 9, 2006 - n°2157 (http://www.nouvelobs.com/articles/p2157/a296955.html) estimates that “In the future, there are few chances that the cats, small or large, play a part more than anecdotic in the evolution of the virus. He would be more worrying to discover a pig contaminated by the H5N1: this animal is sensitive at the same time to the bird flus and human, and can provide the occasion of a “restocking” from where a stock adapted to the man would emerge”. However in experiments, it was shown that the cat can be infected by the man by viruses of seasonal flu. If it is sensitive to the H5N1, one can as fear as it can be used as crucible with a viral recombination.
the German SPA already collected hundreds of abandoned cats. The media relay the message of health authorities such as AFSSA (Agency French of Public health of Food) or the Swiss OIV which affirms that the risk that a cat transmits the virus to the man is considered “null at negligible” (Afssa) or that the risk whom the cats are infected is null in the zones where the H5N1 was not found or that it there forever have of case proven of contamination of a man by a cat…
  • Sunday March 12th 2006: on the initiative of the federal Room of the veterinary surgeons and Agency for health and the food (OLD), after the discovery of cats carrying the virus in Styrie, in the south of Austria, like in Germany, a test H5N1 is proposed to the owners of cats for 100 to 120 euros starting from saliva taken by the veterinary surgeon, with one returned into 1 week.
  • Friday March 31st 2006: an eighth case of carrying wild duck to the H5N1 is confirmed in the Land of the Vorarlberg. It had been found in Hard on the Austrian side of the Lac of Constancy (the city was already in protection zone), close to the Suisse.

Belgium

the virus is not announced in the country, but the Belgian Royal League for the alert Protection of the Birds on the fact that these last weeks, of tens of birds of prey were found shot down or poisoned in all Belgium. Preparing the period of reproduction of pheasants and another partridge, many hunters and gamekeepers try to make the vacuum on the territory with regard to the predatory natural ones.
ornithological associations make the same report in manner cyclic. The first the summer, whereas game the last lâchers of breeding (pheasants, partridge) legal are operated; the second in end of the winter, at the dawn of the period of reproduction for small game. Many hunters did not include/understand yet the essential function of the raptors which eat the sick animals in priority and thus contribute to the good health of the wild populations. They want to kill all the predatory potentials in order to “hold” game with the only hunters.
the February 17th, in Howardries (southern of Turned), a case out of wooden thrown over a barrier in a site contained the corpses of several pigeons, a hen and… of two poisoned adjustable nozzles. One of it still had the soft food in its nozzle.
Three days later, the February 20th, the Center of revalidation for handicapped birds (CROH) of Wéris (Durbuy) recovered another Adjustable nozzle wounded by bullets. She had been recovered in a field with a few meters of a hut of hunting. The bird died.
the February 22nd, the CROH of Héron (close to Andenne) recovered a tube poisoned in Aldicarbe, a remainder of chopped poisoned always fixed in the nozzle.
In Brussels even, these 3 last weeks, 3 Adjustable nozzles were found poisoned in forest of Look after and in Watermael-Boitsfort. Idem in Flanders with the February 10th, royal Milan found poisoned with Neerpelt (northern of Limbourg) and other raptors (tubes, sparrowhawks, goshawks) in other provinces.
the Belgian Royal League for the Protection of the Birds constituted civil part in the majority of these businesses. Association continues to denounce these cruel and illegal practices which sully and discredit the world of hunting.
the birds poisoned (illegally) can be confused with dead birds of avian flu or hide them.

  • Abandonments (as in Germany and locally in France) of tens of domestic birds and breeding, released illegally in nature (communicated February 23rd 2006):

the Belgian Royal League for the Protection of Birds (LRBPO) worries (…) Taken of panic, many owners of canaries, parakeets and other parrots voluntarily their birds in nature release, making run of the serious risks not only to their old protected, but also to all the balance of our avifauna.
the February 22nd, an unconscious and frightened owner is observed with the accesses of the Mellaerts ponds, in Woluwé-St-Pierre, whereas it released canaries and parakeets. Similar cases were observed a little everywhere and reported with the association which recalls that in addition to these birds have little chance to survive (they will die quickly of cold and/or hunger), those which will manage to be left there can disturb the ecosystems (ex: parakeets with collar released voluntarily by the former managers of Meli Park, in Heysel, multiplied quickly and in a worrying way, but one finds also parakeets young person-widows, Alexandre parakeets, ducks mandarins, tortoises with red cheeks, ouettes of the Nile, squirrels of Korea, tamias striped, merry frogs, clamping plate buffaloes which now occupy the ecological niches of one or more our indigenous species (in the United Kingdom, the American gray squirrels slackened in the gardens quickly caused the quasi-disappearance of the natural russet-red squirrel). *Fausse alarm: a Belgian returning of China and having had contacts with poultries is neat for grippaux symptoms, but without respiratory distress, which lets think that it is not a question of the H5N1, which will be confirmed the following days.
Nevertheless by precaution, while waiting for the results, the health authorities identified the people with whom the patient was in close contact.
*Mercredi March 8th 2006: the Belgian medical bottom will compensate the companies victims for the H5N1 if it appeared in Belgium says the Belgian minister for the Public health, Rudy Demotte, in committee Public health of the Room. 50% of the compensations will be financed by Europe announces it.
*Dimanche March 12th 2006 If the H5N1 appears in Belgium, AFSCA plans to prohibit chicken manures and of the derivative products, the transport of cloven-hoofed animals, the horses, the manure, the litters and eggs coming from a farm also activates in poultry breeding.

Bulgaria

  • 1 case of avian flu confirmed to the February 20th 2006

  • Thursday July 20th 2006: a suspicion of avian flu relates to poultries in the farmyards of two farms of the village of Slanchogled, in the south of Bulgaria, not far from Djebel, on the basis of sample analyzed by a laboratory of Sofia. The demolition of all the poultries was ordered as well as the destruction of the products and avicolous by-products of the area, with compensations promised to the stockbreeders. Bulgaria blocks its exports (10 000 T of poultry meat and 60.000 eggs approximately are annually exported towards the Germany and the Suisse).
  • Wednesday August 8th 2006. According to the news agency Sofia , the virus which killed out of the poultries of the village of Slanchogled in July 2006 in the area of Kurdzhali (Southern) is inoffensive for the man. It is what the laboratory concluded from Weybridge, subject to confirmation following the tests of culture on egg. These poultries carried at the same time a virus grippal and a virus of the Maladie of Newcastle specified Tuesday, August 7, 2006 the Bulgarian ministry of Agriculture. The sub-type is confirmed, but it would be neither about H5 nor of most dangerous H7 famous for the man. By precaution, more than 1.000 poultries had been cut down in Slanchogled and the villages located in a radius of 3 kilometers around site will be in quarantine from July 21st to Thursday, August 10, 2006 (21 days).
  • Friday August 18th 2006: The Bulgarian Minister for Agriculture, Nihat Kabil, confirms that the hens which one has fears that they died of H5N1 in July 2006 were actually cases of Maladie of Newcastle (of which the symptoms are identical to those of the H5N1), according to the analyzes of the laboratory of Weybridge. The Bulgarian and European laboratories had concluded with a combination from virus from the disease from Newcastle and an avian flu slightly pathogenic.

Cyprus

  • Monday January 30th 2006: an dead bird is carrying virus H5N1 in the northern part of the country.

Denmark

  • Sunday March 12th 2006: a tube is found died close to the shore of Svinoe, Close to Naestved, to 70 km in the south of Copenhagen.

  • Wednesday March 15th 2006: H5 is confirmed for the tube. A protection zone and of safety is founded by precaution in the south-west of the island of the Zeeland (the Baltic).
  • Thursday March 16th 2006: according to the food and veterinary research institute Danish, the tube was quite carrying the H5N1. The reference laboratory of the EU must still confirm this analysis.
  • Friday March 17th 2006: in 9 wild swans found died on the island of Aeroe to approximately 170 km with the S-W of Copenhagen, one detects a H5 virus. A protection zone is installation on the island.
- Chart of the island
- Satellite image
  • Monday March 20th 2006: the country confirms that 9 swans were carrying a virus H5N1 HP (subject to a confirmation by the laboratory reference for the EU).
  • Tuesday March 28th 2006: the tube found dead the March 14th carried the H5N1 well confirms the reference laboratory of the EU. It is the 1st case confirmed in the country. 11 other cases were detected since, which justified the establishment of zones of forty and of monitoring
  • Monday May 15th the Danish authorities confirmed at the European commission a hearth avian flu in a poultry breeding deprived in Fyn. Two hens and a peacock in this breeding approximately cash 1000 birds were found carrying the virus.
It is the first time that the H5N1 is discovered in Denmark in a private small animal breeding.
  • Two cases in game breeding are detected in July 2006 ;
- Wednesday July 5th 2006: an avian hearth is suspecté with Loevel (County of Viborg) in the Couvoir of a breeding hunting (of game; ducks mallards and pheasants), like domestic geese of various species, and various species of birds of ornaments).
L' breeding contained 19.779 birds (which all were destroyed. The positive diagnosis will be confirmed by PCR on Wednesday, July 19, 2006; the sequence of amino-acids on the level of the zone of cliavage reveals a profile considered to be slightly pathogenic.
- Wednesday July 19th 2006: 15 days after the case of Loevel, a new hearth is announced to Illebolle (Counted Funen) also in a game breeding a little smaller containing a little more than 7.000 ducks (which all were destroyed). It is still about a virus little pathogène.
La source of the viruses is classified " unknown factor or incertaine" for OIE.
Les Mesures were: medical demolition; setting in interdict of the exploitation reached; control displacements inside the country; zoning; disinfection of the infected establishments. vaccination remains prohibited in the pays.
La destruction of the animals was completed on July 12th, 2006 with Viborg and on July 20th, 2006 with Funen.
- Friday July 28th 2006, the veterinarian authorities approved the disinfection of the exploitation reached with Funen, but one for the breeding of Viborg where work was to continue.
  • Thursday August 10th 2006; The country informs the GOOSE that he considers that hearths of avian flu detected on its territory (beginning: May 16th, 2006, announced the 18) closed .sont, no new highly pathogenic virus not having been detected out of the exploitation reached in the protection zones and monitoring by the clinical examinations and/or laboratory. The destruction of the animals was completed on May 18th, 2006 and the disinfection of the exploitation reached on May 29th, 2006. The zone of restriction was raised on June 30th, 2006.

Spain

  • Friday July 7th 2006: the Spanish ministry of Agriculture announces that analyzes in laboratory confirmed a first case of the highly pathogenic virus H5N1 of the avian flu. The first information given by the press diverges, some evoking a grèbe and others a Canard (later information will confirm that it was about a crested Grèbe found in the marshes of the Natural park of Salburua, close to Vitoria-Gasteiz, in the autonomous Communauté of the Country-Basque in the North-West of Spain.

- a protection zone of a radius of three kilometers was established around the place of discovered corpse.
- Another zone, known as of monitoring, a radius of 10 km, was established, in accordance with the regulations of the GOOSE.
- Inside these zones, the transit of birds of farmyard was prohibited like the concentration of birds and hunting for the wild birds .
Cette zone is rather close to bay of Saint-Sebastien, where the influenza improperly known as " espagnole" seem to have started in Spain in 1918. The Spanish government and Europe published only very little information on this case during the tourist period of July 2006. It seems that the authorities waited one week, time to make two analyzes of confirmations in laboratory to announce the case and to set up measurements. The membership of the European Union forced Spain to immediately inform Europe and to as quickly take as possible adequate measures as regards Biosécurité. The regional government Basque justifies this time of information and action in the press (El Pays) by the reason which it doubted the reliability of the first tests carried out by the Neiker laboratory and which it did not want to alarm the public. All the experts are however unanimous on the importance of promptitude to inform and act in the event of beginning of strongly contagious epidemic or zoonose. The European CDC (European Center of prevention and control of the diseases or CEPCM), located at Stockholm cannot work out relevant strategy without being immediately informed of this types of case).
In Spain at that time, the poultries raised near wetlands were to already be locked up. July 7th, 2006, the area of Madrid imposed the containment of all the poultries, even far away from the wetlands, and other areas were on the point of making in the same way. But this regulation is not always respected or is not quickly respected.
  • Wednesday August 9th 2006: alarm Avian flu is officially raised to Salburua and the Forty finished in the safety zone around the natural park. The 234 analyzes made in July 2006 on wild birds or in captivity in this zone did not reveal any new case of H5N1 HP. This isolated case is not explained.

Recall : The crested grèbe is small migrating often sedentary, moving towards the littoral when it freezes in winter.

Finland

  • May 2006: Several hundreds of pigeons and crested plovers (but also more than one score of swans, whereas other water birds seem saved) died since Easter on the small island of Jurmo (archipelago of Turku, Finland). Postal service having refused to transport corpses of birds, and the official veterinary surgeon having intervened tardily because of freezing, the islanders incinerated the corpses which they found on their properties. The authorities seem to be worried only after the announced death of swans.

This mortality could be due to pesticides, or cold, but it worries the experts (cf in particular the H5N1 which strongly touched Denmark a few months ago.)
  • Friday February 9th 2007: Finland orders, for the second consecutive year, the containment of the poultries of at the beginning of March with the end of May after the reappearance of virus H5N1 in Europe.

France

First wave of the avian flu between February and May 2006

  • Saturday February 11th 2006: the weather is cold in the area. Several ducks are found died on a cold pond of the commune of Joyeux in the Dombes. ONCFS of Birieux, defendant, sends a technician of the environment (Gerard Racine) of the Réseau SAGIR which finds 7 dead birds, all of the ducks pochards of which 4 partially were consumed by the predatory ones (crows?). It brings back them to the veterinary laboratory of Borough.

  • Monday February 13rd 2006, the media state that examinations are in hand to determine if eight other migratory birds found dead Tuesday on beaches of Capbreton (Landes), are carrying the Avian flu.
  • No sign of avian flu for the eleven dead starlings found Tuesday February 7th with the foot of a tree with Mâcon, according to the prefecture of Saône-et-Loire.
  • Suspicion of Avian flu on three patients hospitalized with the island of the Meeting after a stay in Thailand, where they had visited an ornithological park.
  • Of the tests practiced on ten people, having travelled in a touched country, is all negative, according to the National Sanitary Surveillance Institute (InVS).
  • Wednesday February 15th 2006: A H5 virus is detected on one of the 7 analyzed birds and autopsies. The samples are sent in urgency to the laboratory of the French of public health and food agency (AFSSA) of Ploufragan (Brittany).
  • Friday February 17th 2006: in middle of afternoon, the prefect of the Ain is informed that it was indeed the H5N1.
the France Presse Agency disseminates information. In end of the afternoon the media are in Joyeux. A safety zone around the village is quickly implemented by the prefecture. The poultries are confined.
  • Thursday February 23rd 2006: the prefect of Ain Michel Fuzeau confirms a second case of avian flu (also a duck Milouin, discovered one week before close to the water level of Bouvent with Bourg. The prefect activates the device envisaged.
In the afternoon, of the escapes evokes an abnormal mortality in turkeys of an industrial breeding with Versailleux. The prefect will confirm information with 18:30. 11  000 turkeys will have to be euthanasiées by precaution, without awaiting confirmation of the diagnosis.
In the morning, France learns by the media its 1st highly pathogenic case of avian flu to H5N1 in an industrial breeding from turkeys, in the village of Versailleux (Ain) (258 inhabitants).
On 11  000 turkeys enclosed in the buildings, 400 died in a few hours with the symptoms of the influenza aviaire.
This breeding is contiguous with the commune of Merry, and it is built in edge of the pond of Hatter, to a few hundred meters of the place where the first wild duck infected by the H5N1 was discovered, in the middle of the area of the ponds to 37 km of Lyon and 30 km of borough in Bresse.
In accordance with the recommendations and principles of FAO and GOOSE, the European Union and the National plan, an emergency plan was started by the prefecture: after the stockbreeders announced an abnormal mortality, the exploitation was isolated, a protection zone of 3 km and perimeter of monitoring of 7 km was established. All the animals were cut down by precaution before the end of after midday without awaiting the results of the analyzes, under the authority of the prefect of Ain Michel Fuzeau. Eleven stoppings of gendarmes blocked all the input-output in the perimeter. And close to the close ornithological park (closed for the circumstance), the gendarmes have as of the following day inspected the cars to check that they did not transport poultries.
11  000 corpses were transported Friday the 24th by trucks and under escort of gendarmes with Viriat (Ain) where they were incinerated.
the stockbreeders were taken charges some by the doctors with the hospital with Borough-in-Bresse, which gave them a preventive medication ( Tamiflu ), like to the veterinary surgeon with the exploitation and to an electrician having worked on the site.
After one 1st analysis in Borough-in-Bresse, of the taking away made by the DSV were sent to Ploufragan by plane.
the 1st minister had promised Thursday the 23rd the results of the test " in next the heures".
the morning, D. Bussereau (Minister for Agriculture) indicates on television (France 2) that the turkeys died of a H5 virus, specifying that it did not have " yet; the elements complets" to know if it acted well of the virus has H5N1 HP.
Moreover, 15 other dead birds, whose swans, are being analyzed in Ain according to the media. The prefect points out that all the inhabitants must declare in town hall all the birds which they have on their premises inside or outside, confined.
At the beginning of afternoon, four new hearths are confirmed (subject to complementary analyzes) with fifteen dead swans with Versailleux, Birieux, Marlieux, Villars-les-Dombes, and Sandrans.
France takes a decree prohibiting the importation of the products containing poultry or feathers starting from the contaminated countries.
- One suspects a H5N1 on an dead swan close to Millau (source: prefecture, DSV of Aveyron, February 21st 2006).
- In another department (Lozere) one inquires after the discovery Wednesday February 22nd 2006 of 6 hens including 5 died, the twisted neck, and alive - on a rest area along the trunk road 9, to about thirty kilometers of the prefecture (Mende). They were deposited in a escarpé place, which since was disinfected in a zone where no breeding is.
Recall: To give up animals died in nature is in France liable to infringment and in the event of presence of the H5N1, this act could be requalified in offense.
This day, after the discovery of five suspect new cases (5 swans) of which some around the commune of Versailleux, 1/3 of the department of Ain is classified in “surveillance zone”,
160 communes must install foot baths in the protection zones and of monitoring, and confine all the low-courses.
All the holders of birds or poultries that it is of farmyard, ornament, game of breeding, etc “are held to make known itself in the town halls”.
Friday the 24th morning, an explanation suggested is that wild duck droppings could have contaminated the loose straw, assumption announced by the agency of communication working for the Federation of poultry industries (TRUSTED).
Rem : the straw was stored with the shelter, but the rollers were deposited on the ground before being returned manually. The straws now generally returned or packed, it is able to find there animals dead killed by the reaping-machines threshing-machines, of which birds which nested in the fields. Straw perhaps so attended by mice or rats.
  • Saturday February 25th 2006: the virus HAS H5N1 HP (Highly pathogenic) was officially confirmed in the night of the 24 to the 25, a few hours before the opening of the living room of Agriculture. It is the 1st case in a French breeding and the EU. It is judged all the more alarming as it has followed only of some days 1st discovered of wild duck touched, and that he relates to a breeding which was to be confined “since the beginning of the week”, according to the press. An investigation was open to try to include how the virus entered the breeding.
"What worries us it is that the breeding is in the perimeter of protection which we had set up for the first canard" carrier of the virus H5N1' (whose case was revealed saturdays February 18th), commented on D. Bussereau.
Comment these animals were contaminated? Jeanne BRUGÈRE-PICOUX (School veterinary of Alfort) points out that the turkeys are more sensitive than hens to the avian flu and than the contamination can also be done by the shoes (in the Netherlands in 2003, of the confined breedings seem to be contaminated by soldiers which did not carry boots and their shoes in foot baths did not disinfect). One second assumption posed by the stockbreeder is that journalize could have brought droppings under their shoes. They did not enter the hangar of breeding, but they passed in front.
  • Sunday February 26th 2006: Suspicions at the Franco-Belgian border . While running on the road of Houplines, between Bizet and Houplines, Belgian side, a jogger counts four corpses of raptors and a died male pheasant, not far from Deûle, river which locally made the border enter Belgium and France. While returning at his place, he prevents the prefecture of the North, which takes note which it cannot intervene but that it will inform the Belgian authorities. The following day, the jogger finds the corpses which were not collected, and again Thursday evening, of which one was partly eaten by an animal. Saturday the Voice of North explains why the police force of Warneton is occupied after being contacted by journalists. This anecdote shows the importance of contacts followed between frontier departments, areas and countries.
One week afterwards, not of news of the analyzes (if they are made).
  • Tuesday February 28th 2006: the ministry for Agriculture confirms the presence of the H5N1 on an wild swan found dead the February 21st on the territory of the commune of Monthieux. This virus presents a strong relationship with that detected the February 18th to Joyeux. The protection measures and of monitoring usual were installation.
  • Fine February 2006: census of all the breedings of birds or people who have birds or poultries.
Of many inhabitants will only receive the mail of their town hall 1st or second week of Mars. *la protection zone and of monitoring passes from 170 communes to nearly 300, covering all Dombes by touching on four departments all the sites where wild birds and the breeding (turkeys) were contaminated by the H5N1 HP.
* “In the immediate future and under the terms of the precaution principle, it is requested from the owners of cats not to let them digress in the zones or virus H5N1 was detected” required Dominique de Villepin at the time of her monthly press conference.
* the press relays the concerns as for the first economic impacts: The restrictions on French exports of avicolous products on behalf of 43 countries touch 14% of total poultry meat exports and 10% of those of living poultry, according to the ministry for the Foreign trade. Except EU, the percentage of exports concerned goes up to 33% for the poultry meats and 44% for living poultry. For the products " treaties thermiquement" , whose foie gras, the figures are of 2% from total flows and 14% towards the countries except EU. The ministry announced Tuesday evening that 43 countries had decided to impose a total or partial embargo on their French importations of poultry and of derivative products because of the crisis of the avian flu. None is member of the EU. *Onze new cases of wild birds are recognized infected by avian virus H5N1 (a héron, a duck and nine swans) according to the ministry for Agriculture.
*Selon the Nouvel Obs, the customs carried out fine 2005 several visits of illegal warehouses in Seine-Saint-Denis, the Valley-of-Marne and years the Val-d'Oise where they are seized a large volume of poultries illegally imported of China via Rotterdam and/or Antwerp. *Un Virus H5 is detected on the littoral of the Pas-de-Calais in the north of France. After H5 alarm in a turkey farming, the prefecture of the Department of the Pas-de-Calais announces that a H5 virus a priori " slightly pathogène" was found on new Mouette S and a Goéland died in Dannes not far from the Autoroute A16 between the port of Étaples and that of Boulogne-sur-Mer. While being based on the first analyzes of the national laboratory of Ploufragan (Brittany) the prefecture ensures that " it is the avian flu, but it is not that which is very pathogenic, the H5N1" virus; .
- ornithologists note that all the sites French concerned are sites where the birds are likely to suffer from lead poisoning following the ingestion of lead shot, which can weaken their immunity. Dannes was also known for its cement factory and its discharge which fed from the thousands of gulls and seagulls. The ornithologists also remember a mortality of 15  000 with 30  000 gulls approximately 10 years before on this sector, allotted to a rare form of botulism, usually prevailing in the circumpolar zones.
This sector is also located just at the north of the commune of Étaples where certain experts estimate that a precursor of the virus pandemic of 1918 could have been born or to develop (assumption quoted in the book “pandemia, the great threat”, of Pr Bricaire and Derenne, page 163).
*Suspicions in North: a French jogger found 4 to 5 died raptors with Houpline Belgian side. The prefecture would have warned Belgium, but the corpses were not collected quickly (Of the articles evoke also many birds poisoned by the Belgian hunters in this season, so that they do not eat high and slackened game).
* Cats and dogs :
the AFSSA recommends to the owners to keep the " control effectif" of their animal in the zones where birds were infected. It estimates in an official statement that " the risk of infection of the cat is nul" in the zones free from birds infected by the virus.
In the infected zones, " any abnormal mortality of cats must be the subject of an investigation veterinary surgeon approfondie".
It moreover is recommended in the affected areas not to leave near the exploitations of corpses of animals, organic waste or any food likely to attract the wandering cats and other wandering or wild domestic carnivores.
- State education disadvises to the teachers of natural science to dissect and observe Pelottes of rejection, to use believed eggs, to observe feathers of birds. *Le containment of the Cat S and the Chien S is imposed in the zones touched by the virus. It is a first in France.
a decree of the Minister for agriculture (OJ of Saturday March 4th 2006) stipulates that in Dombes (Ain) and until new order “the cats must be locked up and dogs held with the fastener or locked up”. The dogs can circulate on the public highway “held leaves some or under the direct control of their Master”.
the dogs and cats can be transported out of cage, closed basket or inside a vehicle.
In the zones free from birds infected by the virus, the risk of infection of the cat is considered to be null according to the AFSSA specifies the ministry for agriculture. The ministry requires of the owners “not to give up the pets, as one saw these last days” and is not necessary to touch the dead dogs and found cats but to inform the departmental veterinary services of them.
Pas-de-Calais: After an false alarm in a turkey farming, the prefecture announces this time that a H5 virus a priori " slightly pathogène" was found on new Mouette S and a dead Goéland Friday March 3rd 2006 on the littoral with Dannes not far from the French Autoroute A16 between the port of Étaples and that of Boulogne-sur-Mer. While being based on the first analyzes of the national laboratory of Ploufragan, the prefecture ensures that " it is the avian flu, but it is not that which is very pathogenic, virus H5N1 " . the AFSSA confirms the H5N1 HP in an wild duck found dead the February 28th 2006 on the territory of the commune of Prévessin-Moëns (Ain). And the DSV fears that a tube found dead with Saint-Marcel-in-Dombes is also carrying the virus.
a swan carrying H5N1 is found with Saint-Miter-the-Ramparts in the Rhone delta,
PROVENCE IS TOUCHEE , confirms the laboratory of Ploufragan:
Le H5N1 HP is confirmed on an wild swan found died by walkers on the banks of the pond of Will be able, a site of walk, but especially of hunting for the woodcock and ducks, the North-East of the Lafarge cement factory, Saint-Miter-the-Ramparts (5.500 inhabitants) close to the pond of Berre to 40 km to Marseilles, 50 km of Aix-en-Provence and 40 km of Arles, in the department of the Rhone delta in the Camargue (area Provence-Alp-Coast of Azure).
La lucky find dates from the February 25th 2006 (and not of the February 28th like initially announced by the ministry for Agriculture). Two other found swans the previous days are in the course of autopsy, with nearly ten of other animals according to DSV.
This sector is located under one of the 2 large corridors of avian migration which connect Africa to Europe.
about fifteen breedings and bird sellings are installed there, now included in the surveillance zone of the 10 km. Three breedings (confined and not touched by the virus to date) of which one shelters 2  700 layers, 2nd raising pheasants (6  000) and partridges and the third of hens and ducks is them located in the central zone of 3 km rayon.
It is the first very urban and very industrial zone touched in France, and it is the first industrial park with being touched in Europe. It will be more difficult to control since one finds in the new perimeter of monitoring in addition to Saint-Miter-the-Ramparts, the town of Martigues (43  490 inhabitants), Istres (39  500 inhabitants), Fos-sur-Mer (14  500 inhabitants) and Port-de-Bouc (16  686 inhabitants), is close to 120  000 inhabitants served by a dense highway network and the airport and the seaplane base “Marseilles-Provence” of well-known Marignane for its tanker planes…
the cats must be confined and the dogs held in laisse.
the zone tourist, but also very industrial and locally is very polluted, with harbor terminals tanker, methane tanker and ore tanker, a wearing of goods, a steelworks ensuring the quarter of the French production of steel (SOLLAC), of the oil refineries (Esso, Shell), of the chemical plants (Elf Atochem) and steel constructions offshore oil rig (Eiffel), of and the incineration storage units of products chemical, a cement factory, without speaking about the oil terminals among a total of approximately 400 entreprises.
*Réactions
One teaches that the living room of agriculture knew drops in number of visits of 20%, to
the minister engaged so that the promised assistances are in the farmers as of Monday, March 6.
Xavier Bertrand (Minister for Health) has advertisement the creation of a commission of evaluation of the system of health monitoring, to determine if this one can be improved, after criticisms addressed to the government on its management of the medical crisis with the Meeting.
* Whereas a twelfth infected swan is confirmed in the French department of Ain, in the area of the 1000 ponds (Dombes), Dick Thompson, spokesperson WHO on the influenza, answers the press that it estimates that the risk of a transmission of the H5N1 to the man remains very weak coming from a bird, and more still coming from another animal like the cat, but that the transmission risk of the Cat towards Homme" cannot be excluded in the actual position from knowledge. This same day, Reinhard Kurth, of the German Institute of health Robert Koch supposes that the dead cat could be infected by the Asian form of the virus, and announces also an abnormal number of dead cats announced in Iraq the previous weeks. * New case of avian flu in Ain close to the Swiss border .
*Le March 6th, 2006, an defense association of the cats, “With the small happiness of the cats” fears that the town hall of Port-de-Bouc does not want to collect all the wandering cats the March 7th to put them as a fourrière and the euthanasier in the eight days”. The town hall could not be united specifies the press (http://www.tageblatt.lu).
*Le mayor of Fos-sur-Mer required of the industrialists of the commune to help it to recover the many wandering cats of the zone and to lead them in the municipal refuge, where it specified, they will not be killed. The DSV sent to analyze samples of 47 dead birds since ten jours.
* A little more in north, In a letter addressed to its fellow-citizens owners of poultry, the mayor of Saint-Baudille-of-the-Turn (Isere) believes good to call, in the name of the " prévention" avian flu, with " eradication of a certain number of species of vultures or carnivores sauvages" , quoting shovel-mixes foxes, long pitchforks, weasels, corbels, magpies, tubes and other raptors sedentary… (http://www.action-nature.info/actu.htm)
*Nombre ornithologists worry that certain elected officials or governments asked the hunters to eliminate the migrating ones, and that others propose to drain the wetlands to prevent the birds from being posed. Bird's nests nesting close to the man, like those of the rustic Swallow (Hirundo rustica) or of the white Stork (Ciconia ciconia) were destroyed. None of these decisions would make it possible to limit the progression of the influenza, they could even support it note according to the site ornithomedia http://www.ornithomedia.com/magazine/mag_art283_1.htm. several ONG are moved by what the mayor of Saint-Baudille-of-the-Turn, in Isere requested from the hunters of the commune of éradiquer the foxes, long pitchforks, weasels, fitchets, corbels, sedentary magpies, tubes and other raptors (although protected), with the reason that they could beings vector of the virus of the avian flu H5N1. For ASPAS (Association of safeguard and protection of the wild animals), certain mayors also asked their inhabitants to destroy the nests of swallows (what is prohibited) under pretext which they would be, they also, sensitive to avian epizooty… *L' AFSSA prepares a new opinion on the vaccination of the poultries, analyzing the risks and the measures to be taken with the glance evolution of the situation.
* Burgundy: with Direction, in the Yonne, towards 8:00 of the morning, the police officers warned by a resident shoot at 3 ducks perched on a dead goose. Two ducks are recovered for analyzes, third is lost. * Fox and dog … according to Jeanne Brugère-Picoux, they are not sensitive to the virus influenza H5N1 in the actual position of our knowledge (…) The dogs are held leaves some, not by risk for this species but to prevent that they move a dead animal. She recalls that no wild bird was found died carrying virus H5N1 in Africa. The contamination of Nigeria would be related to fraudulent poultry imports or chicks or one day old ducklings of China and/or Turkey. * Whereas 46 countries out-EU issued a total or partial embargo on the French poultry, an official statement published following a meeting on the poultry consumption chaired by the 1st minister, announces that the Government will ask the foreign purchasers to agree to regionalize the embargo with the only products at the risk resulting from the only affected departments by the virus and only when the virus is present in breedings.
That was already made with the Netherlands in 2003, but for a considered virus much less dangerous, and the confidence of the purchasers requires a strict control of flows in the country. * Reaction of FNSEA: Luc Guyau, the president of the permanent Parliament of the rooms of agriculture (APCA) announces to envisage " cells of day before " in the Rooms of agriculture concerned with the zoonose, to react in the event of difficulty: relations with the farmers, the public authorities, the media and the general public.
the Rooms will carry out technico-economic files for measuring the impact of the crisis and will accompany the programs by promotion of the avicolous products.
  • Tuesday March 14th 2006: the Département of Ain is confronted with impossibility of thus marketing its poultry the demolition of the animals concerns until 950  000 poultries.
  • Friday March 17th 2006:
Whereas swans and ducks and other birds continue to die potentially of the avian flu in Ain, DSV and the ministry for Agriculture announce that the administration ceased counting the new cases. “They any more are not collected and if they are collected they any more are not analyzed. The analyzes are too expensive, one limits them to geese, the tubes or with will hérons”, declared Thursday Catherine Dupuy with the medical Grouping of defense (authority joining together professional, veterinary and civils servant). The town councilors and the population or the discoverers of corpses of birds do not have returns, not even on a héron discovered more than 8 days front.
- In the Pas-de-Calais or other departments where several suspect cases were discovered, the administration either did not reveal the type of germ which killed certain possibly died birds of avian plague.
- Moreover, after having received the support of the State for a campaign d' demolitions for destruction (or “withdrawal”), the 135 stockbreeders, located in the central zone are, after the 21 lawful days, authorized to market their production, whereas wild birds continue to die in their environment. They can nevertheless continue to destroy their poultries, while being refunded by a compensation fund of 3 million euros. The destruction is done in the same slaughter-houses of the area as those which provide the food dies - note the French newspaper Le Figaro. For the international day without meat, the collective antispecist of Paris (http://antispesite.free.fr) announces that it will deposit “corpses of animals” in front of the CIV (Information center of the meats) with which it reproaches for encouraging with the meat consumption, without objective information (“ according to the CIV, not to eat animals is a dangerous restrictive mode, thesis which goes against many scientific studies as well as the experiment of million vegetarians throughout the world ”) and without taking into ethical account “ of the suffering of these animals, crushed, asphyxiated or gauzes alive ” “ At which time honestly does admit he not granting any value (if not commercial) to the animals? ” With the service of which is it? Its only answer to the avian flu: “Eat chicken, eat chicken! ”.
  • Tuesday March 21st 2006: the State confirms that the crested grèbe (Podiceps cristatus) presented like wild duck by many newspapers, found dead the March 15th 2006 in Ain was quite carrying the H5N1. It had been found with Divonne-the-Baths close to Switzerland, not far from Prévessin-Moëns where the corpse of a wild duck carrying the H5N1 had been found the February 28th 2006. The taking away were transmitted the March 17th by the veterinary departmental laboratory of Ain to the laboratory of Ploufragan. Protection zones (3 km) and of monitoring (10 km) envisaged were installation, overflowing on the Swiss territory whose authorities were prevented.
  • Friday March 24th 2006:
- the surveillance zone installation around the breeding touched by the avian flu in the area of the Dombes will be removed starting from the March 27th 2006.
- France as well as the remainder of the European Union prohibit the imports of living poultry and poultry meat of Israel , where several poultry breedings were contaminated by virus H5N1.
  • Monday March 27th 2006: the surveillance zone of Dombes is raised.
  • Tuesday March 28th 2006: INAO granted " with title exceptionnel" , and in a nonrenewable way, an exemption for the maintenance of the name of controlled origin " Poultry of Bresse" (only label pure AOC poultry in EU), in spite of the confinement measures. The Interprofessional committee of the Poultry of Bresse considers that is authorized food cereals, vegetable fibers, mineral and vitamins in substitution of the external grassy course supply.
  • Thursday March 30th 2006: The national reference laboratory of AFSSA, with Ploufragan (Coast-with Armor), confirmed the presence of the virus H5N1 on five collected swans last week in edge of four ponds of the Dombes in the Ain .

  • Monday April 3rd 2006: as from this day, the stockbreeders poultries of the Territoire of Belfort must also be confined.

This department was the only one in Burgundy and Franche-Comté not to be concerned by these measurements.
  • Saturday April 22nd 2006: beginning of a déconfinement in the Bresse following the number decreasing of animals found died in the area.
- preventive measure of bird influenza in Ain, which showed its effectiveness since only one breeding was touched to date, is permanently adapted to the evolution of the sanitary situation in this department.
- Ain remains the only French department today where perimeters of protection are still in place.
- the recent discovery of two infected swans watch which there are necessary to remain vigilant and to maintain measurements of biosecurity in the infected zones. Taking into account the medical stakes, only of the objective elements and an epidemiologic analysis justify the adaptation of the preventive measures.
- Since January 1st, 2006, more 14.000 wild birds dead were examined in France, 64 of them appeared positive with the highly pathogenic virus H5N1, including 63 in Ain and one in the Mouths of the Rhone .
- a exercise, prepared by the General secretary of national defense (SGDN), will proceed April 24th and 25th. The objective of this exercise in room is to test the capacity of reaction of the central services of the State if the virus has (H5N1) would become, by change, transmissible between human.
- This exercise of staff will proceed in two one half-day sequences each one, with the aim of make play the structures of crisis management in their most operational configuration and according to the governmental play of prevention and fight “Pandemia grippale” of January 6th, 2006.
- the first sequence (situation 5A/5B of the plan Pandemia grippale) will be centered on the implementation of intended measures to slow down the epidemic on the national territory.
- the second sequence (situation 6 of the plan Pandemia grippale) will be centered on the management of the extension of a pandemia on the national territory.
  • Monday April 24th 2006: The protection zone around Versailleux, reduced Wednesday with four communes, was increased with eight
- This measurement makes following the discovery of two new swans victims of the H5N1 in the sector , announced the prefecture of Ain. The birds were found died this week with Saint-Paul-with-Varax, in the marshes of Dombes.
- the pond is located not far from other ponds where the last cases of wild birds victims of the virus had been collected indicated the prefecture.
- Consequently, the prefect of Ain took a decree which comes to delimit a new protection zone which comprises from now on eight communes: Lapeyrouse, Plantay, Marlieux, Saint-Andre-the-Bouchoux, Saint-Germain-on-Renon, Saint-Paul-with-Varax, Versailleux and Villars-les-Dombes.
  • Wednesday April 26th 2006: a new case of avian flu H5N1 was confirmed in an dead swan found on April 18th in edge of a pond of Ain, department more touched by the virus in France .
- the animal touched in Ain was discovered in the protection zone installation after the discovery of swans contaminated by the virus of the avian flu and the first case of breeding touched of the European Union.
- the dead swan was found in edge of the Rouland pond to Villars-les-Dombes, a sector already concerned with similar cases , and thus does not modify of anything the delimitation protection zones and of monitoring already in place , explained the prefecture of Ain.
- However, the theoretical lifting of these measurements is pushed back 31 days, provided no other case is revealed by then , specified the prefecture.

France, after May 2006

  • Six months after the appearance of the H5N1 in the Dombes, tourism fell as a frequentation from 20 to 30% in July, according to the ODT (Regional office of tourism), but the image of the area remains good (survey Ipsos June 2006) ordered by the department of Ain, which at the beginning of August launched an advertizing campaign and promotional offers to attract the holiday makers in Dombes. The camp-sites however estimate to have had “one correct season”. They are the restorers who suffered, in spring seems he.

A decree (of August 4th, 2006, OJ of August 17th, 2006) of the Ministry for agriculture raises the last exceptional measures of containment which were still in force 64 communes of Dombes (Ain). The stockbreeders must continue to apply the normal instructions of Biovigilance.

  • August 2006: With Beuvry in the Department of Pas-de-Calais, of the swans and dead ducks were located by the population, and were announced to the Town hall. The first case of dead swan, in the water station of Beuvry, was quoted by the newspapers North-Flash and the Voice of the North (which specifies that nobody came to analyze the carcass of the swan, in the edition of Béthune, of August 6th, 2006). The mortalities are a priori allotted to bacteria (one could suspect the botulism, because this event made following one period of high temperatures, in an area where the eutrophication of surface waters is current, and whereas a clearing out of the channel was in hand.

  • Monday December 18th 2006: No avian flu in Haute-Marne following the analyzes carried out if chickens of breedings were found died in exploitations of Sarrey at the beginning of the month.

The second vagueness of the avian flu since July 2007

  • Tuesday July 3rd 2007: first case detected in France since April 2006, this time in full period of school holidays and estival. The population learns that the virus H5N1 killed three swans well (found died on a pond of the commune of Assenoncourt in the Moselle , between Nancy and Strasbourg, between the pond of Lindre and the pond of stock, both large Wetlands of this sector). The security measures are reinforced, in particular in the large breeding nearest (15.000 table fowls confined in the hangards). A safety zone was set up. The commune is surrounded by ten ponds, of which forest (managed by the ONF) and the area known as " étangs" in account 134.
The Moselle is then again touched by the discovery of dead wild birds of virus H5N1;

  • Sunday, July 29: Two swans are found died with Diane-Capelle in the Moselle, on the pond of Stock, to 10 km of the pond where three swans had died of the H5N1 at the beginning of this month. One will learn Tuesday July 31st 2007 qu ' they were well infected by the H5N1.

  • Wednesday August 8th 2007: four ducks (Mallards) are been discovered deads (virus H5N1 HP will confirm the analyzes) on this same pond of Stock.

on August 14th, 2007, is 7 days after, the precise prefecture in an official statement that the four ducks were quite carrying virus H5N1. An order of the prefect defines a perimeter of control of 1 km around this pond, and a widened perimeter of observation including 35 communes, prolonged until September 8th, 2007. The other protection measures remain unchanged In particular (, the gatherings and exposures of birds are prohibited, just like hunting and to release it game in the zone. Dogs and cats must finally be obliged to leaves or locked up “to prevent that they come into contact with possible wild birds”).

Greece

First wave of the avian flu between January and March 2006

  • January 30th 2006: to Paralia-Katerini a fisherman brings back an dead swan found at sea close to the coast, envoy at the national reference laboratory.

  • January 31st 2006: with Stavros, one finds a swan found dead on the coast, which is sent to the national reference laboratory.

  • 2006 : in Néi Epivatès, another swan found died on the coast, also sent to the national reference laboratory.

In the 3 preceding cases, the swans according to the Greek veterinarian authorities would come all from a group arrived towards the January 10th, probably come from the north pushed by the cold.
  • February 3rd 2006: a fisherman at sea finds an dead swan close to the village of Asprovalta. The same day, the coastal authorities at sea detect another swan found dead by a fisherman close to Thessalonique. The 2 swans are analyzed by the national reference laboratory.
  • February 9th 2006, the veterinarian authorities of Thessalonique start epidemiologic research in all the prefecture and apply measurements of biosecurity to the breedings of the poultries, establishments of birds in captivity and animaleries and with farmyard in villages of all the prefecture.
  • February 10th 2006: a swan (Cygnus olor) is found died on the coast of the village of Polychrono (H5N1 confirmed the February 17th 2006).
  • February 20th 2006: on this date, 5 cases of avian flu are confirmed.
  • Wednesday February 22nd 2006: 7 suspect swans (carrying H5) were discovered in the north of the country (areas of Chalcidique, Thessalonique, Pellas and Pierias). Another swan found died in Chalcidique, envoy at the Community Laboratory of reference WHO to London appeared positive with the virus has H5N1 HP).
    Annonce Wednesday evening, of seven new cases of avian flu on wild swans, changing to 16 the total of the Greek cases confirmed since 2005 (all the wild birds).
  • Saturday February 25th 2006:
Six swans found died in the prefectures of Evros, Xanthi and Imathia in North and the North-East are positive in H5.
the press announces that 21 years an Afghan immigrant, coming from Turkey, was hospitalized on an island in the east of the country, for symptoms close to those of the avian flu. Four new cases of infection with the H5N1 in Greece.

  • Friday March 3rd 2006: 3 new wild swans are found died carrying the H5N1, changing to 22 the total of the cases in the country.

  • Saturday March 11th 2006: Four new cases of infection to virus H5N1 of the avian flu on dead swans, changing to 30 the number of wild birds victims of the highly pathogenic stock in the country . For the time being, no case of the disease was detected in breedings.

Greece, after March 2006

  • Friday October 20th 2006: 4 illegal immigrants coming from India with symptoms of avian flu were hospitalized on the Greek island of Syros, of the results of the examinations should be announced towards the end of the day.

  • Monday November 20th 2006: A wild goose is victim of the virus H5, it was found in the department of Fthiotida. After informbeing informed, the competent services of the EU gave the instruction to apply measurements envisaged to the national plan and Community.

Hungary

First wave of the avian flu between February and June 2006

  • Saturday February 4th 2006, 5 swans tubers found were died in the village of Nagybaracska (county of Bács-Kiskun) and 2 others, also died the same day with Csátalja in the same county. A H5 virus was confirmed on February 21st, 2006 by the central veterinary Institute of Budapest, and the 20 and February 27th, the Laboratoire of Weybridge confirmed H5N1, according to the report/ratio sent the February 28th and on March 1st 2006 by the veterinary services to GOOSE.

  • Tuesday February 21st 2006: the press announces that Hungary becomes the seventh country of the EU touched by a stock H5N1 HP, found on the corpses of three swans (whereas the H5N1 is not confirmed yet by Weybridge).
- corpses of several pigeons found in the south of the country.
- the corpse of another swan, found in the North-West was tested negative.
  • Of the tests is in hand on another swan shot down in Croatia but recorded in Hungary.
  • Tuesday February 28th 2006: an avian H5 virus was detected on an wild swan near Budapest (according to the newspaper the East it Jour).

  • Thursday March 16th 2006; The pharmaceutical laboratory Hungarian Omnivest, based with Bilsborosjeno, close to Budapest confirms to have created a vaccine against the H5N1 for the Man. It was approved by the pharmaceutical National institute (OGYI) and will be the subject of a production in the country, with destination in particular of those which will work in contact or near birds infected by the H5N1. The 1st Hungarian minister estimates that it would take only 8 weeks for the country to produce a new vaccine if the H5N1 transferred.

- Hungary and the Russia announce that they will build a factory of production of vaccine anti avian flu in the area of Ural Chelyabinsk (southern of Russia).

  • Friday June 9th 2006: On some samples of 2300 suddenly dead poultries the previous days in an industrial breeding with Kiskunmajsa (County of Vats-Kiskun, South), a virus of the H5 type is found in these poultries whereas no case had never been detected in the poultry in the country, nor none in the wildlife since March 2006, after more than 60 dead wild birds had been tested positive with the H5N1 in this country from February in March 2006. The laboratory referent of the WHO of Weybridge confirms that it is indeed the H5N1 saturdays June 17th 2006: it is the 1st case of H5N1 confirmed in breeding in the country. (Source: national veterinary service). 450.000 other poultries (geese and ducks mainly) had been cut down on suspicion before even the confirmation of the H5N1.

The second vagueness of the avian flu since January 2007

  • Wednesday January 27th 2007: Hungary probably declares with the European commission a “highly pathogenic” hearth of H5Nx in the area of Csongrád (close to the Serb border, in the South-east of the country), in a breeding of 3000 Oie S, close to the province where hearths of H5N1 had been noted semi-2006 (geese and ducks, which can possibly be healthy carriers). The 1st analyzes of January 24th, 2006 showed a H5Nx virus, on standby precise details of reference laboratory WHO of Weybridge (Great Britain). On suspicion euthanasiées geese of which and a protection zone installed around the site (with obligatory containment and poultries and prohibition of transport). It is the 1st hearth in the EU since August 2006, where the H5N1 had been found in a bird of the zoo of Dresden.
    La close Serbia immediately prohibited (Wednesday the 27th) the importation of poultry of Hungary. Are prohibited this day and until new order " the importation and the transit by Serbia of poultries and avian products coming from Hongrie".

The zone where the avian flu was detected is contiguous in Serbia.
Des veterinary experts of the EU discussed in Brussels on January 28th, 2007 the measures to be taken. Not very front, the OAV had noted that Hungary had not applied yet the standards and European laws in term of food safety, and it should be noted that the USA and Canada did not accept the poultry imports of Hungary and Brazil.
Le February 14th, 2006, the English authorities estimated that the genome of the H5N1 “ English ” of the hearth discovered on February 3rd, 2007 in turkey an industrial breeding (159 000 birds) of Suffolk and the genome of the H5N1 “ Hungarian ” was so close that one could conclude with a contamination starting from the Hungarian case. The diffusion of the virus by birds at this distance seeming very improbable, the most probable assumption is an importation by meats of Hungary in the United Kingdom, without infringement or violation of the medical standards discovered in transport. Other vectors of contamination are not nevertheless yet isolated. Budapest does not confirm any assumption, but it seems that the English producer imported many Hungarian poultries starting from this zone.

Italy

  • Beginning February 2006: tests in progress with Agrigente, in the south of the Sicily, on eight died found chickens and a héron, " still alive but agonisant".

  • February 14th 2006: Italy confirms with GOOSE the reappearance avian flu in the country, this time with a sub-type H5N1 confirmed by tests made of the 6 with the February 10th 2006 on birds touched since the 2006, found in Pizzo Calabro (February 6th, 2006, in Calabria), in Torre Columena (February 5th 2006, in the area of Pouilles), with Marina di Melilli (February 2nd 2006 Province of Syracuse in Sicily), Giarre and Mascali (3 dead birds starting from the 2006, in the sicilian Province of Catane).
  • 10 cases of avian flu confirmed to the February 20th 2006
  • a report/ratio of the February 21st 2006 confirms new hearths where 11 birds of various species were touched in Pouilles, in Sicily and Ombrie of the 12 to the February 19th 2006: swan tuber (Cygnus olor), hen sultana (Porphyrio porphyrio), adjustable nozzle (Buteo buteo), duck mallard (Anas platyrhyncos).

Netherlands

Recall : In 2003, the country had been very touched by an epizooty (H7N7) which had devastated the breedings. The sanitary services had carried out the demolition of more than 25 million poultries, that is to say a quarter of the avicolous population of the time.

  • August 1st 2006: A H7Nx Virus of the avian flu slightly pathogenic was detected during a routine control in the Netherlands in a poultry breeding of Voorthuizen (Center) not far from great natural reserve Hoge Veluwe.

the breeding was insulated, like 5 firm neighbors in a radius of 1 km. The poultries will undoubtedly be killed.
It is an alternative much less pathogenic than that of the H7N7 which had dramatically touched the Netherlands in 2003, leading to the demolition of more than 25 million poultries (1/4 of the poultries of the country at the time) and which one thinks that it had also killed a veterinary surgeon.
(Source: Dutch ministry of Agriculture).

  • Tuesday, August 1, 2006: a H7Nx virus (less pathogenic than that of 2003) was discovered during a routine control in an industrial breeding, in Voorthuizen. The breeding was isolated, like 5 farms located in a radius of 1 km. The poultries will be probably killed, although they did not show symptoms to date. Analyzes of the dangerosity of the virus are in hand.

  • Monday, August 21, 2006; The tests did not confirm the H5N1 in the 2 owls died in the zoo of Rotterdam at the beginning of August (results awaited for on August 25th).
  • Tuesday, August 22, 2006: because of the beginning of the migrations, and after semi-2006 detection of a virus H7N7 in the country, the Netherlands (2nd producing poultry European after France) impose that all the poultries, geese and other birds are locked up, or at least separate wild birds by a fine netting. (25.000 chickens were killed in the infected farm and 130 farms are still temporarily insulated to limit a contagion to other poultries). The poultries vaccinated against the H5N1 will be able to remain outside after September 1st. (But the majority of the farmers had preferred not to vaccinate fearing refusal of importation on behalf of purchasing countries and/or because of the possible health hazards). The stock of detected H7N7 is less dangerous than that which decimated the breedings of the Netherlands in 2003 and the Man does not threaten (except change making the virus more dangerous).

Poland

  • Mid-February 2006: the general confinement of all the poultries becomes obligatory, even for the private individuals, but not the census.

  • Saturday March 4th 2006: a found dead swan with Torun (200  000 inhabitants) on the banks of the the Vistula in the north of the country in end of the week is the first case (subject to confirmation) of infection by virus H5N1. An crisis cell is installation at Torun as well as a safety zone of 3 km around the place where the corpse was found.

  • Monday March 6th 2006: the H5N1 is confirmed making of Poland the 9th touched country of the European Union.

the boulevards of the banks of the Vistula are closed and on the axes of exit of Torun, four Rotoluve S of disinfection were installed and at least five others will follow.
Four avicolous companies are located in the area, of which one in the infected zone.
a census of the poultries in the small farmers of the area is started.
the authorities remind the stockbreeders to lock up their birds, but according to the veterinary services number of them balk to do it.

  • Saturday March 11th 2006: The virus was diagnosed in an dead swan found close to a water pumping station in the town of Kostrzyn, then a goose was discovered in the port of Swinoujscie, with approximately 155 kilometers upstream of Kostrzyn.

And two other dead swans of a H5 virus is found with Bydgoszcz, in the North-West of the town of Torun ().
the pumping station of Kostrzyn is at the edge of one of most beautiful and greater wetlands European, supplied with the Warta river before it is thrown in Odra (Oder) which joined the Baltic. It is a point of stage and life for many migrating water birds. It is one of the zones of wintering in Poland of the Cygne singer ( Cygnus cygnus )
Carte on the distribution of the swan in Europe: http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/nature/directive/cygnus_cygnus_en.htm

  • Friday March 17th 2006: The tests confirmed that the two swans found died with Kostrzyn (province of Kujawsko-Pomorskie (N/N-E) were infected by a virus HAS H5N1 HP.

Of the measures of precaution was taken in the city, of which establishment of a security zone of a radius of 3 km around the place of discovered infected swans.
  • Monday March 20th 2006: the tests confirm the H5N1 HP on the dead swan with Bydgoszcz, according to the ministry for Agriculture. It is the third case in this city.
- Another dead swan with Kostrzyn (W) was also tested positive with virus H5N1 (tenth case in 15 days in the country, since the 1st case the March 5th 2006). The Polish Minister for Agriculture, Krzysztof Jurgiel request with the Ministers for the Agriculture of the EU in Brussels a reinforcement of the economic aid to the avicolous, producing stockbreeders and product sellers containing poultry.

  • June 15th 2006 in Paris, at the time of the conference Avian flu, planetary urgency , Philippe Vannier (AFSSA) explained why in Poland, it nearly 60 swan S took there. Some died, but of others antibodies had (i.e. they contracted the disease and cured) or carried the virus and did not die about it. The virus was detected front, during or after the clinical signs. The swan could thus also be carrying asymptomatic.

Portugal

  • No trace of Avian flu on 3.000 dead found birds these last weeks.

Romania

(No human case declared at June 24th, 2006)

  • the Virus H5N1 is initially detected the October 7th 2005 on wild birds died in the delta of the the Danube.

  • Monday February 20th 2006: 31 cases of avian flu are confirmed to date.
  • Wednesday February 22nd 2006: The H5N1 HP is confirmed on a pigeon found died in a field with a few km of Topraisar where an avian hearth had been discovered 8 days earlier, the February 14th 2006 in an isolated region of the department of Constanta (SE Romania).
    Rem: the pigeon was species hitherto famous far from sensitive to the H5N1).
  • Saturday February 25th 2006: The monitoring is made difficult by a weather so unfavourable that it justified the prohibition of navigation on the Canal Black Danube-Sea the 25 at midday.
  • Friday March 3rd 2006: H5N1 is confirmed on hens, in the village of Morteni, quarantined. The euthanasia of 3000 poultries approximately begins in the course of the day.
  • Saturday March 4th 2006: Poultries die in family exploitations of the village of Borcea (valley of the the Danube). Approximately 100.000 poultries will be cut down by précaution.
    Le county of Dimbovita confirms that two domestic birds died of the H5N1 in one of its villages.
  • Sunday March 5th 2006: a goose found dead the previous week downtown full with Buzau to 170 km in the North-East of Bucharest (made announced with the press on March 3rd) was quite carrying the H5N1. It is the 1st time that a big city is touched in this country. Hitherto, the 40 touched localities were villages.
  • Sunday March 12th 2006: The town of Cernavoda (south-eastern), site of the single nuclear plant of Romania, will be placed in quarantine as of the following day announce the media, following the confirmation of an avian hearth of H5N1.
To date, more than 300.000 poultries in some 11.000 breedings was officially sacrificed in Romania since the discovery of the first case, without tangible results.
  • Monday March 13rd 2006: The affected area by the virus extends. The Prime Minister Calin Popescu-Tariceanu and Gheorghe Flutur, Ministre for Agriculture show local laxism, which would be in the beginning new hearths; G Flutur requires the setting-up of units of inspections in the rural areas. According to him, at the beginning of March 2006, the country had already spent 20 million euros (+ 24 million dollars) to slow down the zoonose and to compensate the farmers since the virus appeared, in the delta for the Danube in October 2005.
  • Friday April 21st 2006: The authorities announce (wrongly) to have éradiqué the last hearth of avian flu, more than six months after the discovery of the first case of this disease in the country, in the delta of the Danube. On the whole about fifty hearths were listed in Romania, and more than 350.000 poultries were cut down since the discovery of the virus on birds of farmyard, on October 7th, 2005 .

  • Friday May 12th 2006: In spite of more than 15 € million to fight against this plague, and less than 15 days after the Rumanian minister for Agriculture estimated to have éradiqué the virus of the last hearth with Deleni (Dpt de Constanta (South-eastern of the country), one of more touched by the H5N1), the Rumanian media announce new hearths of avian H5 detected at about fifty dead fowls à Hurezu (Center-Romania), in 2 family farms and an industrial breeding (Drakom, or Drakom Silva) of 350.000 chickens.
    Drakom is located at Codlea, in Transylvania close to the famous Château of Bran which inspired the history of Dracula.
    Les breedings concerned is miss in quarantine as of on May 13rd, 2006. 2000 poultries are on suspicion killed from May 13rd to 14th 2006.
    C' officially 1st is discovered virus in industrial breedings since its discovery in Romania eight month before.

  • Sunday May 14th 2006: Romania confirms the 2 hearths of H5N1 of Făgăraş and Codlea.
    According to Ion Agafitei, the president of the ANSVSA (the Health authority Rumanian veterinary surgeon), it is the industrial poultry breeder Drakom de Codlea who disseminated the virus by selling contaminated poultries to several stockbreeders of Fagaras.
    Environ a million birds will be euthanasias in these 3 hearths.

  • Tuesday May 16th 2006: the Minister for Agriculture announces the law-suit and the dismissal of several veterinary persons in charge who authorized the industrialist to be continued to raise and sell chickens whereas the H5N1 was suspecté in the company and in violation of the rules and normal procedures. It is learned that Drakom would have sold its suspect or sick poultries without opinion nor veterinary certificate, knowing that these poultries likely to be infected by virus H5N1. And this, while at the same time - according to witnesses quoted by the media - an abnormal mortality already the breeding decimated one week before the public is informed by it, with nearly 4.000 dead fowls from May 7th to 12th. Besides
    the Rumanian TV (Antena 1) has its side found in a pit dug near the breeding, under bags plastic a mass grave of thousands of poultries in putrefaction.

Drakom would have delivered poultries in the super ones or hypermarkets of Galati (is), Prahova (center), Vrancea (northern), but also with Bucharest (southern), where the authorities seized several tons of meat on May 15th, 2006 in hypermarkets, of which those of Franco-Belgian Cora.
Le Minister for Health announces a distribution of Tamiflu to the inhabitants of the zones concerned.
- May 16th, 2006: Human case? A 25 year old woman has been suspectée for Sunday to be sick H5N1, after being hospitalized with the symptoms of an avian flu. Coming from Sita Buzaului (center), a village where a hearth of H5N1 is also suspecté, It was transferred to Bucharest.
Recall: In the country, 53 hearths of H5N1 HP were detected, having justified the euthanasia of more than 420.000 poultries since the 1st confirmation of the H5N1 on October 7th, 2005 in the Delta of the Danube (south-eastern).

Environ 13.000 people are placed in quarantine at them in Bucharest.

  • Monday May 22nd 2006; The French-speaking media are curiously discrete the situation of the country whereas their Rumanian and anglophone counterparts inform their public that approximately 13.000 people were placed in quarantine at them in Bucharest, under the monitoring of military troops and of the police force charged to maintain the order in forty streets isolated in the district from Luica, following the discovery of poultries touched by the H5N1 in these districts.
Adrian Inimaroiu, mayor of the fourth district in the south of the capital announces that the residents are consigned to residence and the companies closed for one period of forty which should last of one to 3 weeks. The Inimaroiu mayor invited the residents to remain calm. “Approximately 40 streets were blocked” in the district of Luica. “Approximately 2.500 birds of this sector will be cut down as quickly as possible,” he added.
a district of suburb-north was also blocked and quarantined Sunday evening, including/understanding a dozen streets. Only the medical emergency could enter or leave these zones kept by the police force and the army.
Rem 1 : The agricultural profession has required for several months with the EU to impose restriction only in the affected regions in the Member States. But in Romania epizooty was spread like a powder trail, with Friday, June 2, 2006 121 avian hearths located in only 15 days (since May 14th), carried with 125 on June 7th. The EU thus imposed at the beginning of June an embargo on the nonprotected poultries and derivative products for the totality of the Rumanian territory, hoping that contaminated poultries did not already leave the country.
Rem 2 : the Internet explodes in Romania (+ 11,22% between April and May 2006), for nearly 6 million connected (= + 22,39% in 5mois). Source: www.hotnews.ro. (LPJ) - Thursday, June 8, 2006.
  • Thursday May 25th 2006, the Minister for agriculture announces a deceleration of epizooty with only according to him 2 new hearths.
  • Friday May 26th 2006: The minister corrects himself and recognizes that the virus gains ground, with 75 confirmed hearths! (including 4 in Bucharest), on 83 possible. They are 20 hearths moreover than the day before! 13 districts are touched, that is to say more than the 55 hearths of all the autumn 2005, which were especially located the SE of the country. Whereas forty were raised in one the 2 districts affected by the avian flu. Two new districts of the capital are touched. 35 other sites are the subject of analyzes after abnormal mortalities of birds of breedings, in approximately 10 departments. The medical National authority veterinary surgeon evokes like " possible causes; A displacement towards the center of the country of the way borrowed by the migratory birds, which passed traditionally by the Delta of the Danube (SE)”, but how to explain whereas the adjoining countries seem unscathed. L `“the absence of minimal measurements of bio-safety” in the industrial breeding of Codlea would be responsible for the departure of epizooty. May 26th, the local mediums affirm that the Government to know the real situation has to call upon the secret services which would have affirmed that breedings of Transylvania had imported chickens of Hungary and Slovakia with the virus, while being ridiculed by confusing turkeys and chickens. The 1st Hungarian minister Popescu Calin disputes the assumption highly that its country can be with the source of the virus which sévitr in Romania, recalling that Hungary is not touched by the virus. Like his Bulgarian colleague, it comes to prohibit the Rumanian importations of poultry.
  • Tuesday May 30th 2006, the country announces “ drastic measurements ” against the breedings not respecting the standards of bio-safety, while estimating that there is no medical safeguard clause making it possible to delay adhesion in the EU, but Guido Podesta (pdt of the Joint committee parliamentary Union European-Romania, does not divide this opinion (LPJ, Thursday the 1st er June 2006). The " safety alimentaire" is indeed one of the weak points pointed by a report/ratio of the European commission made public on May 16th, 2006.
  • June 1st 2006: 2 new hearths are detected in Mandra (Brasov) and Saratel (Ialomita), and others are confirmed in the capital (sectors 1,2,4 and 5 of Bucharest, detected a few front days). Approximately 100 farmyards have being isolated in the only capital. 116 indexed hearths, without announced human case.
  • Friday June 2nd 2006: Romania had required of the EU in March 2006 a special help of 500.000 € (purchase of equipment), plan specifying the destination of this money is studied by the Commission. The assistance is not acquired and if it is granted, it is likely to be spent only after several weeks.
121 avian hearths located in 15 days (since May 14th, 2006) justifies that the EU imposes an embargo on the nonprotected poultries and derivative products for the totality of the Rumanian territory, hoping that contaminated poultries did not already leave the country.
Romania required of the EU in March 2006 a special help of 500.000 euros (purchase of equipment).
a plan specifying the destination of this money is studied by the Commission. The assistance is not acquired yet, and if it is granted, it is likely to be spent only after several weeks.
  • Monday June 5th 2006: A sub-commission of Rumanian parliamentary inquiry studies if the preventive measures and of fight against the avian flu were applied in Romania. His report/ratio was awaited for on June 20th.
  • Monday, June 5, 2006 (announced the 6) New avian hearth announced Monday to Clinceni (department of Ilfov (southern)) increasing the number of these hearths with 125. The H5N1 is confirmed in 17 departments of the Center, the East and the North-East of Romania: Brasov, Vrancea, Buzau, Bacau, Covasna, Valcea, Sibiu, Prahova, Neamt, Wall, Ilfov, Alba, Arges, Gorj, Iasi, Ialomita, Giurgiu and in Bucharest.
  • Wednesday June 7th 2006: The government in prey with a political crisis. It plans to reduce the number of secretariats of State and government agencies of a third approximately, and negotiates with the USA an agreement on the installation requirements of American bases on the Rumanian ground, whereas the media let plane a doubt about the use potential of the country by planes transferring from the American prisoners (the agreement will be ratified on Tuesday, June 20 at the Parliament, after agreement of the plenum of the Senate). Twenty-nine people in same time are sought by justice for their responsibility supposed in the propagation for the H5N1 in the country and Oana Marinescu, spokesperson governmental advertisement that from June 2nd to 4th 2006, 623 producers of meat were controlled, with 200 infringements justifying of the fines and 127 T of seized poultry meat or prohibited sale. Vasila Dardala, owner of the breeding Drakom Silva de Codlea and Florin Macovei, owner of the company Patiprod de Codlea are stopped. They risk 15 years of prison. The director of medical National association veterinary and his assistant are dismissed by the 1st minister.
  • Saturday June 17th 2006: the press not to evoke anything of what occurs against the avian flu, but one knows that the XV of France of Rugby prepare in Romania since Thursday afternoon in Bucharest, with training sessions at the Cotroceni stage. The Rumanian team will be beaten Saturday, June 17, 2006. Italy wants to withdraw its troops of Iraq (which knew some cases of H5N1), forcing Romania to modify its military device of support to the American troops, which rested on a common basis (the Mitica Camp of the Nassiryah zone) divided with the Italian soldiers.
  • Thursday June 22nd 2006 Whereas the heat wave keep silent in Tchéquie, it is the rain season which gave torrential downpours in Romania in several departments. Rivers whose Tibes in north left their bed and the important floods to Galati (is) and in Bistrita Nasaud (northern) 9 left died and 6 missings, as well as extensive damage. Water shut off the current, the telephone and blocked roads. Houses and hen houses were flooded or crumbled, and in the area of Arad (Western), 90 localities and of the hundreds of farms were submerged. In the department of Bistritza-Nasaud, more than 170 heads of cattle were carried by the risings and of many villages had to be evacuated (nearly 1000 people)… with which impacts for the H5N1?.
Voilà of the situations which the exercises had not taken into account, not more than the fact that a report/ratio of the Court of Auditors European (June 2006) on the use of the European funds by Romania and Bulgaria in 2005, for a sample of projects resulting from the European program Phare intended to help the Central European countries and Eastern to prepare their entry in the EU is hardly more reassuring: it does not quote a case of fraud or of corruption, but one reads there that “In more half of the audited investment plans, the goods had not been assigned to the use which was intended to them or had been it only partly only”, with many delays of realization. : These countries are likely to see private agricultural assistances until they wait.
According to a study of the foundation OZONE on self medication in Romania, the 3/4 of the Roumanians do not consult a doctor; at least 70% of Rumanian take drugs without taking the advice of a doctor, in particular to empirically treat the headaches, the evils of throat and the virus diseases respiratory.
  • Wednesday August 2nd 2006: The Rumanian press evokes the closing of the last hearth of avian flu of Romania, in Codlea, but “ the avian one is extinct, the danger remains ”, points out the newspaper Adevarul.
    Le H5N1 would have in nine months cost 200 d'€ million approximately the country. 900.000 poultries were sacrificed. The avicolous sector lost 70 d'€ million of October 2005 in July 2006 (date of confirmation of a 2nd hearth of H5N1 with Maliuc starting from 2 samples (out of 1 swan and 1 hen) and sent to London, on October 15th, 2005. The sector of tourism crumbled and is in retreat compared to the adjoining countries, which involved the resignation of the chief of the ANT (National authority for tourism). The ministry for transport spent approximately 40 d'€ million, only for the désinfection.
    La Rumanian Société of alert ornithology on the migration of the wild birds which starts in this moment and on and risks it reappearance of the avian flu on the ways of migration.
  • At the end of August 2006 “ it is still too early to say if the situation stabilized ”. The South of the Balkans and the the Caucasus are judged “ high-risk ” for the H5N1 according to Juan Lubroth (chief of the System FAO of prevention of the transborder animal diseases), because the migratory birds côtoient a rural and family avicolous production there, “ little concerned with the biosecurity and of the rigorous inspections ”.

the United Kingdom

First wave of the avian flu between October 2005 and April 2006

  • Sunday October 23rd 2005: The virus H5N1 according to the press and the health authorities would have been discovered on a parrot died in one these 52 private centers which in the United Kingdom hold a license authorizing the detention of exotic birds in quarantine. This parrot was imported Surinam (South America), but one will learn a few weeks later that there was confusion, this parrot whose samples had been mixed with those of other dead birds, the H5N1, would have died of other thing.

  • the minister of environment, relayed by the press announces that a Virus H5 of the Avian flu was detected on certain of a group of 32 small songbirds died in quarantine in an airport before mid-October 2005 (later, one will speak about 53 dead birds). Additional tests must determine if it is indeed a stock of H5N1 HP.

  • November 15th 2005: A certain confusion reigns: whereas the persons in charge and employees of the center of forty refuse to answer the questions of the media, at the request of DEFRA according to them, the authorities medical and the British ministry of the Environment announce that there was an error concerning the parrot. He would not have died of the H5N1. On the other hand 53 Canari S mesias ( Leiothrix argentauris ) imported of Taiwan died well of H5N1 in this same center of forty belonging to the company Pegasus Birds, in the Essex (West Horndon, Nr.Brentwood, Essex, South-east of England, near a river and of ten ponds and ponds likely to accommodate migratory birds).
    Par a curious coincidence, this center is next to the slaughter-house or the foot-and-mouth disease was discovered in 2001 noted Daily Mail and Guardian the October 25th 2005. According to the British press, the owner had several times to make with complaints or justice, with in 1997 a serious judgment for the fraud of VAT. In 1997, the center was burglarized by robbers who by opening about thirty cages allowed hundreds of exotic birds to escape note also Daily News.
    Le virus did not leave the center, and it did not touch other species, the the United Kingdom thus preserves its statute of country not infected, insists the ministry.
    Les 53 dead birds were included in a batch of 186 arrived birds of Taiwan the September 28th 2005. This batch contained 101 canaries mesias but also 85 Mainate S and Grive S of China, which them were not touched by the H5N 1, pas more than 148 parrots introduced into the same center of Pegasus Birds the September 16th 2005, although they were close to the arrived batch of Taiwan twelve days later. Curiously, the four chickens living permanently in the buildings of the company were not touched either, whereas this species is famous particularly sensitive. (They however were euthanasias and incinerated the October 21st 2005, by precaution, like all the still alive birds in the hangars after the appearance of the H5N1 in October 2005, with the result that other tests could not be made).
    De this episode, some deduced that this variable of the virus had difficulties in infect all the species of birds and that it was still not very contagious, as long as it did not transfer. Others (veterinary in particular) required that the conditions of animal forty in the country be revised. For example, one should never make cohabit in quarantine the imported birds of different continents. Debby Reynolds (veterinary as a chief of the government) announced that the payments of forty would quickly be re-examined, after an evaluation report announced for December 2005. (they were it?).
    Selon the RSPCA, they are approximately 250  000 exotic birds which are imported each year in the United Kingdom.

  • December 3rd 2005: the Laboratoire of Weybridge (laboratory reference WHO) announces that the sequence of Amino-acid characterizing the site of cleavage of the Hémagglutinine of the bird flu H5N1 insulated in Turkey, Romania and on the airport site of forty in the Essex shows all the three highly pathogenic characteristics of virus.

- the sequence for a/Q-cagebird/England/1219/05 virus detected in the airport zone of forty is: PPRERRRKRGLF. This sequence presents a typical reason for the avian grippaux viruses highly pathogenic (HPAI).
- the reason for a/turkey/Turkey isolate of the virus H5N1 (Türkiye) /05 and A/chicken/Romania/05 is: PQGERRRKKRGLF, which also corresponds to a highly pathogenic virus.
(source: http://www. Defra .gov.uk/)

  • Tuesday February 28th 2006: Pr David King, principal adviser scientific of the government, known as until it waits the H5N1 expresses in the United Kingdom in the wildlife or domestic, and which it could persist there at least five years. The United Kingdom could then have to vaccinate the poultry, “although the vaccine is not very a good thing” it specified.

  • Thursday April 6th 2006: The presence of virus H5N1 on a found swan died in Scotland was confirmed by analyzes in the area of Fife, in the north of Edinburgh.

the British authorities stated that they would establish in Scotland a zone at the risk of 2.500 km ² in which the stockbreeders will have to keep their poultries inside.
There exists in this zone 175 breedings adding up some 3,1 million poultries, of which 260  000 high in the open air, specified the authorities.
the United Kingdom is the 14th country of the European Union touched by the highly pathogenic virus of the avian flu .

  • Saturday April 22nd 2006: the authorities announced that the zone of forty installation in Scotland after the discovery a swan reached of the virus of the avian flu was going to be raised in the night of Friday and Saturday at midnight local time . The most virulent stock of avian flu H5N1 had been detected on a dead wild swan found on March 29th.

The second vagueness of the avian flu since February 2007

  • Saturday February 3rd 2007: the stock H5N1 of the avian flu was detected at a thousand of turkeys died in a breeding close to Lowestoft (county of Suffolk, with approximately 210km in the North-East of London) announced the British veterinary services.

  • Friday February 9th 2007: turkeys present in three hangars established in the immediate surroundings of the initial hearth were tested positive with virus H5N1 and were killed.
Moreover, the medical investigation now tends to show that the infectious source seems to come from Hungary whereas the thesis of the bird becomes less obvious.

Slovakia

  • Thursday February 23rd 2006: A falcon and a grèbe found close to Bratislava, for which the H5N1 HP was detected for the 1st time in this country.

(confirmed the 24 by the laboratory of reference WHO)

Slovenia

  • Tuesday October 25th 2005: the tests carried out on an dead swan in the North-East of the country, at the border with the Croatia, prove to be negative.

  • Saturday February 11th 2006: one found in the Podravska area, on the Fleuve Drave (Drava), close to Maribor, a swan tuber ( Cygnus olor ) dead which was tested positive with a H5 virus.
    L' GOOSE is prevented the following day.
  • Monday February 20th 2006: According to the press, a case of avian flu is confirmed.
  • Friday February 24th 2006: New hearths are announced with GOOSE with 6 dead birds; five swans tubers ( Cygnus olor ) and an ashy héron ( Ardea cinerea ) all announced in the area of the Drave river in the communes of Spodnji, Duplek, Dogoše, Zrkovci, Starše and Maribor.
  • Confirmation of the H5N1 HP the February 23rd 2006 for a gray héron found as Slovenia with Maribor in the North-East of Slovenia, with 15 km of the Austrian border.

Sweden

  • Tuesday February 28th 2006, the veterinarian authorities announce that a stock " highly pathogène" avian flu was detected in wild ducks, without specifying if it is indeed the H5N1 HP (Highly pathogenic). Final results of analyzes are awaited around the March 9th.

  • Monday March 6th 2006: the Government announces that eight new birds (ducks) found be positive with a H5 virus the 4 and March 5th 2006, among 31 wild birds found died along the littoral of south-east (Baltic), close to Oskarshamn where two ducks had been found died and carrying the H5N1 Tuesday, February 28. Subject to confirmation of the H5N1, Sweden would be 9th or 10th country touched in the European Union.

  • Wednesday March 8th 2006: 4 wild duck found deads in Sweden well were carrying the H5N1, including 3 tufted ducks ( Aythya fuligula ).

They are plungers being able to eat up to 7 m basic of bivalvular molluscs, the watery invertebrates, small fish and shellfish in seed complement grazed on the ground (cereals). Their nest is often close to those of gulls or seagulls and they attend on the occasion marine water. The 3 corpses were found in Oxelösund, to 100 km in the south of Stockholm on coast-Is.
the other corpse was that of a fuligule milouinan ( Aythya marila or Greater Scaup for the english-speaking) found with Karlskrona (south-eastern coast). This species generally spends the winter at sea. This plunger goes down up to 6 m basic where he eats in particular molluscs but he is omnivorous.
These two species are nicheurs of the boreal zone in summer.
These new cases change to ten the number of birds in which one found the form highly pathogenic of the virus in Sweden (on 14 carriers of a H5 virus). One still awaits the analyzes of two died tufted ducks with Oskarshamn (south-eastern coast).

  • Friday March 17th 2006: A second case of H5 HP (Highly pathogenic) is confirmed in an avicolous breeding of approximately 500 ducks and 150 pheasants (euthanasias).

- the official statement at the European commission speaks about a H5N1 HP detected on an dead duck, not far from the town of Oskarshamn (east coast), commune already classified in surveillance zone after a first a case in the wild birds on February 28th, 2006. (On standby of confirmation of a suspecté H5N1, by the laboratory of Weybridge. The surveillance measures and bio-safety are reinforced.)
- the virus curiously does not seem to be found only on one duck, but of poultry for slaughter will be tested.
- If there is confirmation, it would be the second case in a European breeding after that of Ain (France).
- In both cases, they are confined breedings, located in a zone already supervised following the detection of wild birds killed by the H5N1.
  • Monday March 20th 2006: whereas many dead birds were found in 4 areas of the south of the country since the end of February, of which certain carriers of H5N1. It is now the capital which is touched. Two dead swans were found in the center of Stockholm, one on a small island and the other on a cold lake. They are carrying a H5 virus which leaves suspecter a H5N1 HP. The ministry for Agriculture did not want to establish areas closed in the city with the reason which the corpses are very few, but a reinforced surveillance is planned for one week. The ministry estimates that the disease comes from the south, and that its diffusion towards north was slowed down by one winter unusually long which slowed down the increase of the migratory birds.

  • Monday March 27th 2006: the country announces discovered of a wild Vison (of Europe or more probably of America) found in Sölvesborg (SE). Subject to confirmation by complementary tests, it is carrying the avian H5N1 HP. It is known that the family of mustélidés is sensitive to the H5N1, but it is the first mammal killed by the virus found in Sweden. It is supposed that it was contaminated by eating an sick bird or died. A protection zone was already places from there in this area following the discovery of two dead birds found close to Solvesborg. Source: Margareta Tervel, ministry for agriculture.

- tens of birds carrying the H5N1 were discovered since the confirmation of the first case two weeks ago. In all the cases, it was about a highly pathogenic stock of the H5N1.

Czech Republic

  • on March 27th, 2006, the Minister for agriculture, Jan Mladek announces a suspicion of avian flu in a swan found died in the evening with Hluboká nad Vltavou in Bohemia of the south, with 150 km of Prague and with 10 km of České Budějovice. (Source: Jan Mladek, Minister for Agriculture).

- Two groups of ponds are located at the west and the east of the city which is crossed by the Vltava. The city is served by a close aerodrome.
- the country counts approximately 700 industrial breedings and of the hundreds of thousands of hen houses. The thaw makes it possible the swans to go up towards north, coming in particular from Austria.
  • on March 29th, 2006, the authorities agricultural and veterinary announce that the reference laboratory of the EU with Weybridge confirmed the H5N1 HP in the dead swan with Hluboká nad Vltavou.
- Another dead swan and carrying the H5N1 was found to 3 or 4 km of the precedent.
  • on April 2nd, 2006, three other swans are found died, of a H5 virus, also in the province of Bohemia of the south.
  • on April 4th, 2006, a sixth swan carrying H5 is found died, close to Ceske Budejovice, in Bohemia of the South, area where died four had been found other swan.
- the first case of infection to virus H5N1 was confirmed by the tests on a swan discovered on March 20th, 2006 close to Hluboká nad Vltavou. The same day, a second swan carrying the pathogenic stock H5 had been found in České Budějovice, and a third swan carrying the H5 virus located Thursday with Hluboká.
  • on April 26th, 2006, virus H5N1 was confirmed on twelve wild swans. No Czech poultry breeding is touched by the disease.
- the twelve swans died of virus H5N1. They had been discovered in a relatively restricted ray limited to the Bohemia of the South.
  • on June 21st, 2007, sub-type H5N1 of the avian flu is confirmed following the death of several hundreds of turkeys in a breeding of a farm of Tisova.
  • on June 27th, 2007, the Czech veterinary service has just confirmed that a new hearth of avian flu was discovered near the turkey farming already contaminated.
  • on June 29th, 2007, the presence of virus H5N1 was confirmed on an wild swan discovered dead Wednesday close to Lednice (south-eastern of the Czech Republic).

See too

External bonds

  • National Sanitary Surveillance Institute

  • Network Sentinels INSERM U707
  • Blog on the influenza

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