Avestique

The avestic is a Indo-Iranian Langue antiquated and that of the old crowned book of the Iranians zoroastriens, the Avesta . It is a relationship of the Vieux Persian.

The language of the Avesta

This text presents many similarities with the vedic texts Indian of the Rig Veda, because the Indians and the Iranians come from the same cultural and religious stocks. However, the two texts are rather different: as much vedic grammar is well-known, as much avestic grammar is relatively difficult to include/understand, because of the bad conditions of transmission of this crowned book.

The avestic language is thus especially that of a crowned book and an author, Zoroastre. It appears in two grindings:

  • the gāthique one, the language of the gāthās , left oldest the Avesta , going back to Zoroastre, the oldest language and nearest to the vedic, that one can make go back to thousand-year-old IIe before the Christian era. It is highly flexional and very antiquated, with the manner of the védique one, which explains the difficulties of interpretation that one can meet with the translation;
  • the avestic recent one, used for the major part of the Avesta , of which there exists a version known as “artificial”, more recent but which imitates in manner archaïsante the language of formerly. The avestic recent one goes back to VIIIe century before the Christian era, avestic the recent artificial one is posterior for him. If the first version is probably the evolution of the gāthique one, the second was so to speak never spoken: it is a purely liturgical language used by the priests whereas the people did not speak avestic any more.

The indianist Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron is first has to give a French translation of the Avesta in 1771.

Writing

Avestic is written only tardily (in the neighborhoods of Ve or Life century of the Christian era, under Sassanides, but oldest Manuscrit that it remains us dates only from XIIIe century), and this by means of a Alphabet derived from the pahlavī, which notes in a way phonetic (and nonphonological) the least details of the pronunciation. It from right to left is written. To consult Alphabet avestic for other details.

One transcribes the avestique one by means of a traditional Latin notation complexes when it is more question of Translittération than of real transcription, in which the most notable fact is the representation of the Fricative S exits of the Spirantisation of a aspired Occlusive by means of Greek letters.

The alphabet used for the transliteration comprises the following letters:

Vowel S:

has ā ə E ē O ō å ą I ī U ū
Consonant S:
K G γ X xv č T D δ θ p B β F
ŋ ŋv ń N m there v R S Z š Z H

Others

See too

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