Auxonne

Auxonne ( Aussonne decides) is a common French, located in the department of the Coast-with Or and the area Burgundy. Its inhabitants are Auxonnais and Auxonnaises.

Geography

Communes bordering

History

Origins

The modern historians agree to question the veracity of the assertions contained in the Chronique of Bèze ( of the name of the monastery founded by Amalgaire in first half of the 7th century ), concerning the term “ Assona ” to indicate Auxonne in first half of VIIe century.

The first three notarial acts where the name of Auxonne appears go back to 1172, 1173 and 1178.

The two first are associated with the person of the count Etienne II of Auxonne († 1173), the third is a bubble of the pope Alexandre III. The act of 1173 is a donation made by the count with the monastery of Saint-Alive-with-Vergy , and the pontifical act of 1178, a confirmation of all the possessions of the priory of Saint-Alive, which included/understood the town of Auxonne.

The rights of the monks on Auxonne went up around 870; date from the establishment of their monastery in the pagus (County) of Amaous , (or Amous), in Burgundy jurane, (, called later the County of Burgundy, then the Franche-Comté), with six miles of the Saone, on grounds belonging to Agilmar, bishop of Clermont. The place took the name which it kept still today Saint-Alive-in-Amaous . (Between Auxonne and Dole). The monks remained in Amaous only one score of years; the Norman ones of Astings destroyed the monastery when they invaded Burgundy. The count Manassès built a new monastery to them (towards 895-896), in franque Burgundy, in the county of Beaune, on the slopes of the mountain of Vergy. During their stay in Amaous they would have cleared the area, and install huts of fishermen at the edge of the Saone. According to an assumption put forth by certain historians, these huts would have been the germ of the future town of Auxonne. Installed on the field distant from Vergy, far from their grounds difficult to defend, the monks of Saint-Alive undoubtedly tested the need for inféoder (with Guillaume IV, count de Vienne and of Mâcon, († 1155) their fields in Amaous to withdraw them from covetousnesses and to preserve their rights and properties. According to this second assumption, this feudal would have established in edge of the Saone, a new city which took the name of Auxonne. Auxonne was thus in the pagus of Amaous.

Since the division of the Treated of Verdun of 843, which placed Amaous in the batch of Lothaire and in spite of the complicated divisions which followed, this county concerned the mobility of the count de Bourgogne. (I.e. of future the Franche-Comté).

Fastening with the duchy of Burgundy

In 1172, the city had taken importance: the count Etienne II of Auxonne, of the branch junior by Burgundy-County, wire of Guillaume IV, had settled there. Its successor, Etienne III, count d' Auxonne († 1241), wire of the precedent, chief of the branch junior by Burgundy-County, rich person fields Master, ambitious, powerful, and supported by the first families of the country, nourished some claims to supplant the elder branch. It worked there openly. In 1197, benefitting from disorders which have occurred in Germany, Etienne III, fidelity with Othon Ier entreated, († January 14th 1201), and carried the homage of Auxonne to the duke of Burgundy Eudes III, while guaranteeing the rights of Saint-Alive of Vergy. In return, Eudes III was committed helping it in its fight against the palatine one. Auxonne escaped mobility comtale.

In 1237, with the head of the County, weak Othon III, († June 19th 1248), successor and wire of Othon de Méranie († May 6th 1234); this was the awaited moment? June 15th of this same year, under the terms of an agreement of exchange concluded with Midsummer's Day de Losne between Jean de Chalon, (1190 - † September 30th, 1267), main character of the agreement, wire of Etienne III for a long time associated with the businesses with her father and heir to Beatrice to Trawl-net (1170 (n.s.) † April 7th 1227), her mother, Etienne III itself and Hugues IV, duke of Burgundy, the town of Auxonne and all that Etienne III had in the basin of the Saone, were yielded to the duke of Burgundy against the baronnie the Saline ones and ten positions strategic of first importance in County. While entering under the domination of the dukes of Burgundy, Auxonne became a head of bridge of the duchy on Eastern bank of the Saone, out of ground of Empire, and escaped the Germanic influence. The fastening of Auxonne to the duchy of Burgundy gave him a statute of frontier town between duchy and Comté of Burgundy, between French influence and Germanic influence which will determine the destinies of the city for the following centuries.

Auxonne under the Valois dukes

With the shelter behind its ramparts which it did not cease strengthening, the fortified town was a base of first importance for launching military operations: it is since Auxonne that Eudes IV, in 1336, drew aside the threat of the barons comtois entered in dissidence whereas he was their legitimate sovereign since his marriage with Jeanne de France, heiress of the County. Between 1364 and 1369 is with the turn of Philippe Bold the to fight, since Auxonne, against barons comtois, truck drivers of the Tards-Come companies and . In this beginning of the 15th century, with the civil war which devastated France, the war ground unceasingly around the walls, obliging the city to remain continuously in alarm. Between 1434 and 1444, new threat, that of the Flayers this time: Auxonnais took care of the ramparts while the frightening army rabble devastated the countryside. As if such an amount of misfortune were not enough, two fires at five years of interval, the March 7th, 1419 and on September 15th, 1424, devastated the city.

1444 had to be waited until, to find one period of peace which lasted until the advent of Charles Bold the in 1467.

In 1468, following the treaty of Fibula, the tension was revived between the king of France and the duke of Burgundy Charles Bold the; at once, the city was activated to give its defenses in order. In 1471, it contributed its share to the fight against the army of Dauphine, sent by Louis XI which penetrated in the duchy. The adventurous policy of their impetuous duke had finally led his dynasty to its loss. With died the duke, on January 5th 1477, Louis XI seized without delay the duchy which practically did not oppose resistance. The royal army returned in Dijon on February 1st, 1477.

Fastening with the kingdom of France

The particular status of the grounds of in addition to-Saone which were not a field of the crown given in prerogative, did not stop Louis XI in his conquest. But Comtois were raised, followed by Auxonnais. After 2 years of resistance vis-a-vis the invader, after the carnage of of May 25th 1479 Pares, left without support by Marie of Burgundy, Auxonne supported the seat of the royal army ordered by Charles d' Amboise during a dozen days, before opening its doors, on June 4th, 1477, with the French invader. The city, attached to the crown of France, was going to share the destinies of the royalty.

In fine policy, Louis XI, at the same time as it solemnly confirmed the maintenance of all the privileges of the city in order to make sure fidelity of his new subjects, hastened of to build, at the expenses of all the province, the powerful fortress which always dominates place of Iliote, in order to guard itself against any attempt at rebellion. Fourteen years later, the treated of Senlis (May 23rd, 1493), signed between Charles VIII and Maximilien separated the two Burgundies again; Auxonne became again French head of bridge on the Impériale bank. The wars of Italy revived the tensions on the side of the Empire. Again the ramparts were consolidated and the construction of the door of County carried out (1503). January 14th, 1526, the treaty of Madrid signed after the defeat of Pavia, between François Ier and Charles Quint, the king of France was constrained to give up, inter alia territories, Burgundy, and the county of Auxonne. The States of Burgundy, joined together on June 8th, 1526 refused to separate from the crown of France. In response, the Emperor wanted to conquer the county of Auxonne. In front of the walls of the city, Lannoy, ordering imperial armies, found a resistance so sharp on behalf of all the inhabitants whom it had to give up.

The city definitively lost its situation of place-border with the conquest of the County under Louis XIV, but remained an important place, whose still the parking testifies to the 511e regiment of the train.

The town of Auxonne remained famous because of the two stays that there made a young lieutenant as a second with the regiment of Fère named Napoleon Bonaparte which was to thereafter make known its name through all Europe. The Bonaparte district preserves the room which it occupied at the time of one of its stays. One can also see in the small museum which is installed in a tower of the castle, its square, its foil and objects that it offered at the time of its stay, like one of his hats.

Napoleon Bonaparte at the Royal Artillery School with Auxonne

See also: Napoleon Bonaparte at the Royal Artillery School with Auxonne

Heraldic

Administration

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The canton of Auxonne and its sixteen communes

The town of Auxonne is the chief town of its canton, of which it is the most populated commune. It belongs to the district of Dijon, the department of Gold Coast and the Burgundy area.

Demography

In addition, at the time of the census of 1999, the Total population, including the double accounts, was of 7.785 inhabitants.

Table of the Demographic trends

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Economy

The city has an antenna of the Chamber of commerce and industry of Dijon.

Inheritance

Religious heritage

The Church Notre Dame : The construction of the principal part lasted all the 13th century, initially the nave towards 1200, then the chorus, the apse and the absidioles between 1200 and 1250. The construction of the doors dates from the beginning of the 14th century. The side chapels were high with. Towards 1516, under the direction of Loys Master, architect of the church Saint Michel in Dijon, one began the construction of the gate, surmounted of two turns unequal heights. In 1525, the Jacquemart (disappeared today) is installed in its tower. In 1858, a campaign repair is organized, under the aegis of the municipality and is carried out by Phal Blando, architect of the city. This countryside includes/understands two side gates, the installation of the hurled, pyramidal and octagonal bell-tower, slightly bored, called twisted Clocher. Its arrow of Ardoise rises with 33 meters above its platform, that is to say 11 meters higher than the precedent. The church is also remarkable for the waste-gas mains and the statues (in particular of the prophets) which embellish outside.

Inside, several elements are notable :

  • the Virgin with the Grape , statue allotted to Claus de Werve of the school of Claus Sluter, chief of incomparable work of the Burgundian medieval sculpture of the medium 15th century,
  • ''' the Virgin with the Child ''', Statue of the 15th century,
  • ''' Holy Antoine ''' hermit, Polychrome statue of the end of the 15th century,
  • Christ of Pity , statue of the beginning of the 16th century,
  • ''' the Organ ''', bequeathed by Jehannotte Magrée in 1410. They were altered in 1615 and 1789 per François Callinet. They were also restored at the end of the 20th century,
  • a Pulpit to preach 16th century made out of red stone of Sampans,
  • ''' a Lectern ''' eagle in Bronze,
  • Polychrome a of the 15th century representing the hunting of Saint Hubert.

Military inheritance

  • the Castle of Auxonne : one of the three castles (with Beaune and Dijon) built under Louis XI after the defeat of Charles Bold the and completed under its successors after the conquest of the Duchy of Burgundy, and the only one which is still upright in spite of later transformations. Built in the south-western angle of the city, the castle comprises a body of barracks going back to Louis XII and François Ier which perhaps constitutes the oldest building of barracks built to this use in France. The castle has 5 turns of angles connected by thick curtains: two coupled towers of the Mills, the tower of Beauregard, the tower of the Foot of hind, the tower of Chesne (demolished today) and the Notre-Dame tower. The latter is most massive, with three arched levels, its 20 meters diameter, its 22 meters height and its thick walls of 6 meters at the base.
  • the Ramparts : The fortifications are mentioned in the charter of 1229: they were at that time simple ground ramparts, bordered of a surmounted ditch of piles and spines. As of first half of the 14th century, at the price of thousand sacrifices of the population, the city was equipped with the wall belt which it consolidated until the intervention of the count d' Apremont in 1673. This medieval enclosure covered a perimeter of 2600 meters and included/understood 23 turns and small towers and a strengthened bridge. The face of the Saone, very difficult to build, was undertook starting from 1411. The wall made the pride of the duke of Burgundy Philippe the Good, which declared in letters patent of December 23rd, 1424: “the place of our town of Auxonne very beautiful, strong and is very well closed walls and ditches” . In 1479, while becoming Master of Burgundy, Louis XI built a castle fortress adapted to the progress of artillery with the appearance of the metal ball. Auxonne, placed in a strategic position of frontier town had to support continual wars with the Comté become ground of Empire since the Traité of Senlis in 1493. The medieval ramparts were the object of care and continual reinforcements: at the 16th century, with Louis XII and François Ier. With Louis XIV and the wars of conquest of the County, the strategic interest of the city led the king to put the city “in a position not to fear the attacks of the enemy” . In 1673, it is François of the Mound-Villebret, count d' Apremont , of tourangelle origin which of it was charged. It destroyed about the medieval enclosure to set up a defense system at Vauban of which a part remains still today. D' Apremont died in 1678 and it is Vauban which succeeded to him to ensure the completion of work. It drew up a splendid project which supplemented the work of the count d' Apremont, but the signature of the treaty of Nimègues in 1678 made him lose its interest and this project was never carried out.

  • the Door of County : In the east of the city, this superb example of military architecture dating from the reign of Louis XII watch a program comparable with that which decorated the door of help of the castle of Dijon disappeared today. One will notice on the outside of the door the ecu of France, supported by two angels, and the royal pigs-épics, symbols.

  • the Tower of Belvoir (or Belvoir turn). On the 23 lathes of the medieval enclosure, it susbsite today only three turns and out of these three lathes, the Belvoir tower is the only one which was not the subject of notable modifications.
  • the royal Door of the 17th century (1667 - 1717) For the medieval period, the northern entry of the city was controlled by the door of Flammerans. At the time of the reinforcement of the fortifications of the city with which was charged in 1673, the count d' Apremont, engineer of the place, this last made build the Royal Door to replace the door of Flammerans. He entrusted, before having to go away, the realization of Philippe work d' Anglart " Architect and building contractor of Roy". On his return, the count d' Apremont not being satisfied with completed work made start again work. The death of the count, occurred in 1678 stopped work and it is Vauban which ensured completion in 1699 of it. The stage of the central house was added only in 1717. Side city, the central body is flanked of share in other of two perfectly identical houses, covered of one roof to the Mansart. The opening of the door, towards the countryside is surmounted by a trophy of weapons.
  • the Tower of the Sign on which one can see a salamander, emblem of François Ier.
  • the Artillery Arsenal of the 17th century being initially used to provide mountings of gun. It was built by Vauban between 1689 and 1693. It preserved its original plan with now three buildings of which one is used now as markets.
  • the Statue of Lieutenant Napoleon Bonaparte , out of bronze, by François Jouffroy, inaugurated in December 1857 in the center of the place of weapons. Bonaparte is represented under its features of youth in the costume of artillery officer. The base is decorated of four different Bas-relief S (Bonaparte with the Vault of the Lifting, Bonaparte to the bridge of Arcole, ceremony of the sacring of Napoleon and a meeting with the Council of State).
  • the Barracks , out of pink stone of Moissey, in which Bonaparte occupied successively two rooms. They from now on are occupied by the 511e regiment of the train.

Some turns in images


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