Auvers-sur-Oise

Auvers-sur-Oise is a common French, located in the department of the Val-d'Oise and the area Île-de-France. Its inhabitants names Auversois and Auversoises.

It owes its international repute to the painters Paysagiste S and especially impressionist, Charles-François Daubigny, Paul Cézanne, Jean-Baptiste Corot, Camille Pissarro and Vincent van Gogh which came to draw their inspiration here. It is one of the only places in the world where the majority of the sites are found which they immortalisés. Vincent van Gogh painted seventy of its fabrics there, during the last months of its life.

Geography

The borough is stretched on seven kilometers length on Right Bank of the Oise, between the river and the cliffs limestones which dominate it and which supported a habitat troglodytic. This length also supported the birth of various hamlets with their specificities now attenuated by the progressive urbanization of the commune.

Auvers-sur-Oise is bordering on: Pontoise and Ennery in the west, Hérouville, Nesles-the-Valley and Valmondois in north, Butry-on-Oise, Mériel and Méry-on-Oise in the east, and Saint-Ouen-the Alms in the south.

: 1280,93 hectares of the city (river included) are divided into 977,54 hectares of arable lands located on the 3/4 septentrional ones of the commune (either 76% of entire surface), 226,43 hectares of built urban space (or 18%) and 76,96 hectares of urban space not built (or 6%). The urban screen along Oise is made up in very strong majority of houses, primarily of and 20th centuries. It should be noted that a suburban district is located on the plate, to a few hundred meters of the borough.

Localities and variations

  • Valhermeil (of Valley Hermer , name of the owner of the places at the beginning of the 12th century)

  • Chaponval
  • the Valleys
  • Montcel (Monselle, of Monsellus , small mountain)
  • Cordeville (of Corbeville)

Industrial geology and risks

The Géologie of the commune is that of the French Vexin, constitutive of the Paris basin and characterized by its sedimentary nature .

The basement includes/understands several types of superimposed rocks. The first is the white Craie campanienne, oldest, going back to approximately 80 million years and approximately eighty meters thickness, which levels in the funds of valleys. It is surmounted by a layer Calcaire Montien (65 million years), stone to build vexinoise par excellence, then by the layers of Argile and Sable of the Yprésien, whose clays of the Sparnacien, thick from five to fifteen meters, their impermeable character causes the appearance of lines of sources and returns the funds of marshy valleys. This layer is surmounted by the sand of the Cuisien, from ten to thirty meters thicknesses.

Then the important calcareous mass of the Lutétien is, a thickness from twenty to forty meters, which constitutes the base of the plate of Vexin. Its presence explains the existence of karstic phenomena . The layers of the Bartonien which succeed to him (40 million years) see to alternate the sandstone and Auversien sands it, then the limestone of Saint-Ouen, and finally sands of the Marinésien, thick from five to thirty meters. The sedimentary layers are notched by the valley of the Oise.

Auvers is the commune where the geological stage of the Auversien was defined to which it gave its name (tertiary era, period of the Eocene higher, is approximately 40 million years).

The commune includes/understands a site listed on the database of the ministry for ecology relating to the sites and grounds polluted (or potentially polluted) calling an action of the public authorities, with preventive measure or curative (BASOL). This site, old a Works gas in activity of 1904 with 1933, is the property of Gaz de France and constitutes according to the studies only one place at the weak risk of pollution. The common one counts on the other hand thirty small industrial sites, current or old, potentially polluted (old workshops, service station or Décharge S for example).

Natural hydrography and risks

The communal territory is crossed by a single river, the Oise. The river is born in Belgium, crosses 139 communes along its 341,1 kilometers to France before throwing in the the Conflans-Holy-Honorine Seine with , with a few kilometers downstream from Auvers. The center of the village is at the outlet of the gully of the Valleys , notch of two kilometers approximately length in the plate of Vexin moving towards the course of Oise, but this one is nothing any more but one dry valley.

The geographical location of Auvers-sur-Oise makes the commune particularly vulnerable to natural risks: the commune is subjected at the risk of movement of ground on the totality of cliff constituting the escarpment of the plate of Vexin which dominates the alluvial plain and the village. More important, the alluvial plain is at the high risk of Inondation consecutive to a Crue of Oise, in particular between the course of the river and the railway then the secondary road 4 in Valhermeil. This risk justified the installation of a prevention plan against the risks of flood (PR), put into force in July 1998 by order of the prefect. It relates to in the Val-d'Oise the twenty-two bordering communes of Oise. This plan determines four zones, priority on the local plans of town planning (RAINED) of the communes concerned: a red zone delimited according to the risings of 1926 and 1995, a restricted parking zone where the urbanization is strongly regulated, a green zone, remained not built and in front of remaining it and an orange zone, being used as field of storage and expansion of raw (the plain between Asnières-on-Oise and Noisy-on-Oise and the plain of Champagne-on-Oise upstream, the meander of Cergy - Neuville downstream, which should allow the storage of 2,5 million m of water).

The commune is fed out of water by the station of treatment of Méry-on-Oise, managed by the company Veolia Environnement. Drinking water in Auvers-sur-Oise east of very bacteriological good quality, containing few Nitrates, being little fluorinated and become relatively little Calcareous since the installation of the Nanofiltration in 1999 with the factory of distribution. Distributed water is of surface origin, coming from the filtration of water of the Oise.

Communication network

The most important ways which cross the commune are two secondary roads.

The secondary Road 928 connects Saint-Denis (Département of the Seine-Saint-Denis) to the south with Hérouville on the plate of the French Vexin to about thirty kilometers in north. It follows a north-western direction permanently and crosses successively Villetaneuse and Mourning-the-Bars before forming the communal limit between Montmorency and Enghien-the-Baths, then crosses several other communes of the Vallée of Montmorency before crossing the Oise between Méry-on-Oise and Auvers-sur-Oise on the bridge of Auvers.

The secondary Road 4 connects Pontoise to Persan while skirting Right Bank of Oise. It crosses the commune over all its length of west in is and constitutes the backbone of its urban screen. The road moves then towards the communes upstream of Oise, Butry-on-Oise, Valmondois, Parmain, Champagne-on-Oise.

Auvers is also crossed by the line of Railroad of Pontoise to Creil since 1846. The commune comprises a cycle track, arranged along part of D 928 of the castle of Léry in direction of Hérouville on approximately a kilometer and half.

These various terrestrial infrastructures have an impact relatively limited in sound term of Pollution according to the regulation. The principal ones sees road are classified of category 3, or 4 in the center, of moderate level. On the other hand, the railway is classified of level 2 (high), but it in fact is used essentially only for one diurnal passenger traffic of local service road to the density of circulation rather low (radial connection Transilien Pontoise with Creil).

Climate

Auvers-sur-Oise as all the Île-de-France is subjected to a degraded oceanic Climat. It intramurally is different from the climate of Paris by a variation in temperature of a few degrees, particularly notable at daybreak, and which tends to be accentuated with the passing of years. This variation, of 2°C on average but which can reach 8°C by one night clear and a weak Vent, is explained by the urban density which increases the temperature in the middle of the agglomeration. The annual average temperature is of 11°C, the month more the cold is January with +4°C; the hottest months are July and August with +19°C (average day laborer).

Housing

Auvers-sur-Oise counted: 2779 residences of which: 2530 main homes in 1999. In 1999,91,0% of the residences auversoises are main homes and 3,6% of the second home. The Middle Age of the park Immobilier is slightly more important than the regional tendency, a strong majority of the residences being former to 1975: constructions former to 1949 accounted for 36,3% of the park compared with 33,7% for the regional average francilienne. But 28,7% of the main homes went back to 1949 with 1974, against 37,8% in Île-de-France. Recent constructions are however more present than the average of the area, signs of a real policy of construction of new housing: in 1999, 15,1% of the main homes dated from 1990 or afterwards against 9,1% in Île-de-France.

Auvers-sur-Oise is a commune very mainly suburban cash nevertheless some small multifamily apartments, and especially made up owners. 91,0% of the residences are main homes, distributed with 89,0% in houses and 11,0% in apartments (respectively 26,9% and 73,1% in the area). The rate of property is high: 80,0% of the inhabitants are owners of their housing, against 16,4% which are only tenants (respectively 44,3% and 51,1% in the area).

Auvers-sur-Oise is subjected to the legislative obligation of construction of 20% of social housing under the terms of the law n°2000-1208 of December 13rd, 2000 relating to solidarity and the renewal urban. With 65 residences HLM of the park in 1999 (23,4% in the area) is 2,6%, the commune is far respecting the provisions of the law. One can note moreover that the number of vacant housings was relatively weak in 1999 with 5,0% of the park against 8,1% on average regional.

Very mainly composed of houses, the dwellings are characterized by their important surface: a strong majority counts four parts and more (71,1%). The residences of three parts (17,4%) follow, then 2 parts (8,9%). The small residences of a part remain very minority, constituting only 2,5% of the park. The commune thus has residences rather in conformity with the tendencies franciliennes but nevertheless a clear underrepresentation of small surfaces due to the very small proportion of multifamily apartments.

Heraldic

History

Origins

The origin of the name of the commune comes either from Alvers , Celtic name of origin indicating its geographical location, or of the Gallic patronym Arvernus , or of the two words are (in front of) and vern (Aulne).

Inhabited since the time mérovingienne as the discovery of many burials attests it, the place is quoted for the first time in a charter of the beginning of the 9th century. In this charter of January 832, the Hilduin abbot divides the grounds between the monks and itself. Charles-the-Bald person confirms this division in a charter of the September 19th 862 with Compiegne, and the existence of a bridge with Auvers is mentioned. This bridge was destroyed in 862 by the Normands, then rebuilt on order of Charles-the-Bald person, then destroyed finally again at the time of the attack of Pontoise and the long seat of Paris by Norman the in November 885. At that time, the village is possession of the counts of the Vexin. The king of France Philippe I {{er}} inherits it at the end of the 11th century. At that time, only the part ranging between Valhermeil and the Valleys were inhabited.

Auvers belonged thus to the 12th century with Louis VI the Large which, in 1131, gave the church to the Saint-Vincent abbey of Senlis which preserved it until in 1790. With died from the king in 1137, its widow, Alix or Adele of Savoy, was withdrawn in Auvers in the royal manor located behind the church. The village, thereafter, was yielded to Richard of Vernon by the king Philippe-Auguste in exchange of the Châtellenie of Vernon and of the field of Longueville before becoming again the property of powerful the Abbaye of Saint-Denis by the means of several successive donations of at the beginning of the 18th century. The village entered the royal field finally definitively.

During the War One hundred Year old, Auvers undergoes the same fate as all the French Vexin: the strong castles being able to be used as refuges with the enemy are destroyed on order of Gasce de Bonconvilliers, military governor of Pontoise - one can suppose that the castle seigneurial of Vernon with Auvers underwent this same fate - and the villages are deserted by their inhabitants fleeing to take refuge with Pontoise or Isle-Adam before the arrival of the English, effective in 1356, who plunder and ransack then the entire country.

A register of the abbey of Saint-Denis gone back to 1499 with 1501 brings some precise details on the village: this one does not count whereas wine growers, except a wet cooper and Tisserand. In 1523, adventurers and detached plunderers of the English army of Picardy try to take Pontoise. In June 1525, of the Italian plunderers and French who was escaped with the defeat of Pavia spreads in Vexin. They kill out of the peasants and burn the farms before attacking Pontoise and being finally pushed back.

During the years 1580, the oldest parochial books indicate a population of approximately: 1800 hearts. At the time of the wars of religion, the village undergoes, like all the French Vexin, a new period as difficult as the Guerre One hundred Year old. Pontoise is declared for the Ligue, Henri III and Henri de Navarre besieges the city in thus 1589, accompanied German mercenaries who devastate all the area with the passage. In 1590, the new garrison of Pontoise regularly turns into to exits against the castle of Isle-Adam; delivered to them same at that time, it plunder the village in order to ensure their subsistence. At the end of 1592, the country is bloodless: the governor is obliged to force the inhabitants of Vexin to pay their sizes and taxes. To that is added several natural disasters, a catastrophic flood in October 1564, an epidemic in 1583, and a hurricane of hail on June 11th 1593.

Following the disastrous wars, the Abbaye of Saint-Denis is seen forced to yield grounds to reduce its debt: that of Auvers is sold to a Burgundian gentleman, Jean-François de Berbisy on June 3rd 1599 for the sum of six thousand ecus gold.

XVIIe and XVIIIe centuries

The winter 1607 - 1608 was particularly rigorous for two months: the majority of the cattle did not survive it. Two other intense periods of cold had the same consequences in 1768 and 1774. November 15th, 1615, the lord, the prior and the inhabitants of the village are assembled as habit with the sound of the bell in front of the door of the church. Within sight of plunderings and devastations, they decide to continue the fortification of the church and the cemetery joint to the hotel seigneurial in order to constitute a retirement for the inhabitants, the animals and the grains.

An epidemic of Peste burst in Auvers in spring 1637. It took again the year which followed whereas Pontoise underwent the great plague. One raised sixty-seven death in the year. According to Pihan of Forest, Auvers counted in 1728 two hundred - seventy-four fires, is eight hundreds - thirty-three inhabitants. More reliable figures undoubtedly resulting from the personal registers of the priory give in May 1780 mille-quatre-cent-quarante inhabitants on the whole, divided as follows: hundred thirty-two with the church, ninety-five with the Valleys, fifty-eight street Fixes, ninety-five street Roger, two hundreds street Boucher, twenty-two in Ormetel, fifty-two with Vaissenots, cent-quatorze street Rémy, eighty sixteen in Remys, thirty-six in Fours, eighty-three with the Liking, quatre-vingt-onze with Chaponval, hundred fifty-two in Valhermeil, seventy-nine in Moncel, forty in Cordeville, a hundred and four twenty-four with Butry and nine in Claibois.

Another calamity melts on the country: Auvers is located between Pontoise and Isle-Adam, is in the center of huntings of prince de Conti. This one thus wishes ardently to acquire it in order to remove this barrier with its pleasure. It obtains from the king in 1743, after a long insistence, the concession of hunting on a purely conservatory basis: the country is then ruined by the proliferation of game. May 2nd 1779, the sale contract is finally signed, but prince de Conti having died in 1776, it is his son who carries out acquisition so much coveted. But it preserves only four years the seigniory, reassigning it in October 1783 with Sir, brother of Louis XVI and future Louis XVIII.

XIXe century

The great epidemic of Cholera which also prevails in Paris in 1832 striking Auvers, primarily west of the commune: one counts there twenty-three death for only May. The displacement of the Cemetery, then located around the church, is considered for medical reasons, but remains without continuation for lack of means. The cholera made its return in again 1849 and 1854.

In 1843, the commune takes the name of Auvers-sur-Oise.

June 14th 1846, is inaugurated the railway line of Paris to Lille, creating a direct relationship towards the station of North and Paris at a rate of four to five daily relations in approximately an hour of course. This new line, opened to the travellers on June 20th, and its Locomotive S with vapor brings Parisian avid outings in the country and of canoeing. The station, as well as the Station of Chaponval (inaugurated in 1886), is served today by the Transilien. In 1860, the painter Charles-François Daubigny moors his boat-workshop, Botin , on the banks of Oise to the foot of the village. Very quickly, his/her friends painters come to visit him.

The commune undergoes several risings of the Oise causing of extensive damage in December 1836, February 1859 (rising of more than three meters) and January 1861.

Following the disaster of Sedan in 1871, the authorities force to destroy the bridges on Oise in order to delay to the maximum the Prussian troops: the railway bridge of Chaponval is mined on September 15th then the road bridge as of the following day. As of on September 18th, the 6th division of cavalry and the 3rd division of infantry Prussians are with Pontoise. The troops do not camp in Auvers but frequently come to proceed to requisitions, primarily of agricultural produce (oats, straw, hay), but sometimes also of attachments, situation made even more difficult by the rigor of the winter 1870-1871. The return of the troops in Prussia caused the passage of many troops and the occupation of the village from March 18th to June 7th, 1870.

In the night from December 26th to 27th 1887, the bridge of Auvers, rebuilt fourteen years before, collapses brutally without apparent reason, probably used by the many stone carriages. This situation then imposes to the inhabitants long turnings by Butry or Pontoise during two years.

Vincent van Gogh arrives at Auvers in May 1890, invited by the doctor Paul Gachet in order to follow a therapy there. The July 26th 1890, it tries to give itself death in full field before dying three days later the July 29th 1890 in its room of the Ravoux inn.

The XXe century

In September 1914, the avant-gardes of the German army are seen in Auvers, but they definitively turn back at the time of the First battle of the Marne.

During the 20th century, Auvers-sur-Oise experienced a suburban development like the majority of the common neighbors of the valley of the Oise, the essence of the strip of land of approximately 500 meters of average width, limited on a side by Oise and other by cliff of the plate of the Vexin is thus largely urbanized at the end of the 20th century. This rather progressive and respectful thickening having been site, the common preserve thus in the state near total of the sites painted by the impressionists. These sites as well as the tombs of the Van Gogh brothers attracted the tourists since more than one century; but no important tourist installation having been implemented, this tourism limited enough only benefitted well little with the commune and its area.

The municipality, helped by the General advice of the Val-d'Oise implemented at the beginning of the Années 1990 a vigorous tourist, consistent development plan in a reinforcement of the services of the tourist office, the restoration and the opening to the public of the Ravoux inn, place of stay and death of Vincent van Gogh, the restoration and the creation of a course spectacle at the time of the impressionists to the castle of Léry, the opening of a small private museum devoted to the wormwood, mythical drink of the Belle Time, and more recently, the repurchase by the General advice and the opening in 2003 of the house of the Doctor Gachet. This development was accompanied by a dynamics cultural policy, having strongly increased the cultural offer of the commune throughout the year.

The municipality also arranged urban space by creating circulations known as “soft”, isolated from the motor vehicle traffic, connecting between them the various remarkable sites of the city to the banks of Oise. These circulations were moreover the object fleurissement collective, the residents being invited to sow and maintain the pavements and sides with the assistance the municipality. A nautical halt was also installed along the river to benefit from river tourism.

This policy bore its fruits, propelling the commune in less than ten years among the most visited Île-de-France with approximately: 300000 visitors per annum, attracting many foreign tourists, American and Japanese in particular, attracted, with the example of Barbizon, by this village of the painters. In same time, the plate of Vexin painted by the impressionist , whose northern three-quarter of the commune is a component, was protected, in complement of the old classification of the site, by creation in 1995 of the Regional natural park of French Vexin whose commune is member founder.

XXIe century

With the 21e century, the municipality continues its policy by encouraging the creation of an offer of housing bound for the tourists (hotels and rooms of hosts) still largely insufficient in the French Vexin. She must also better channel tourist flows, the parking of the bus of tourism in particular, in order to avoid the increase in the harmful effects for the inhabitants of the commune.

June 17th 2003, an immense operation of police force is implemented, involving the arrest of more than 150 people to the European seat of the National council of Iranian resistance (NCIR), dominated by the Organization of the moudjahidin of the Iranian people (OMPI, main movement of opposition armed to the mode with Teheran). But the Court of Appeal of Paris ordered in less than two weeks the release of the imprisoned Iranian opponents.

Auvers and painters

Vincent van Gogh in a letter with his/her Théo brother describes the village thus: Here one is far enough from Paris so that it is the true countryside, but how much nevertheless changed since Daubigny. But not changed in an unpleasant way, there are many villas and various dwellings modern and middle-class very smiling shone upon, and flowered. That in an almost fatty campaign, just at this time of the development of a new company in the old woman, does not have anything unpleasant; there is much wellbeing in the air. Calm with the Puvis de Chavannes I see there or believe in it to see, not factories, but of the beautiful greenery in abundance and good order. (Letter of May 25th, 1890)

Auvers, modest district rural of Ile-de-France, played an important role in the world history of painting, that of the landscape designers of the school of Barbizon then in the Impressionnisme primarily.

As of 1857, the painter landscape designer Charles-François Daubigny regularly attends Auvers which it paints starting from his boat, the botin , or of the island of Are worth, on the Oise between Auvers and Méry. In love with nature, for him, “the landscapes are increasingly more beautiful when they are seen medium of a river” and it regularly leaves to the oar to traverse Oise, or the the Seine downstream, sometimes for several days or several weeks, bringing back like trophies of many fabrics of all formats. In 1860, it is made build a house with Auvers in the district of the Valleys, decorated by its care and helped with his/her son and his friends of which the painter Camille Corot.

In 1872, the doctor Paul Gachet buys a house with Auvers so that his wife, patient, “breathe of the good air”; doctor of its state, it preserves his cabinet and his customers at Paris, of which the mother of Camille Pissarro which it looks after as well as the children of the painter, in Auvers. He is also painter amateur and engraver under the pseudonym of Paul van Ryssel (the name of its birthplace - Lille - in Flemish). Friend of Daubigny and Corot, it accommodates until the end of his life the artists in his house, from of which Paul Cézanne, or Camille Pissarro, which comes to visit him as a neighbor, of its house of Pontoise. Large collector of art, he remains an inevitable actor of the Histoire of art of the end of the 19th century.

Paul Cézanne comes “to learn how to paint” in company of Pissarro, it to this end settles in Auvers during all the year 1873 and the first months of 1874. The painter learns how in Auvers to work with patience, to clear up his pallet, but its slowness handicaps it and he always does not manage to finish his fabrics. Its rate/rhythm of work is not compatible with the impressionist fast key which seizes the moment, its fabrics like the house of Doctor Gachet (1873, Musée of Orsay), were declared “constructivists” by the history of Article It finds then its native Provence, but the happy memory of this stay makes it return during the summers 1877 and 1881.

Victor Vignon (Villers-Cotterêts, 1847 - Meulan, 1909) which took part in the last four impressionist living rooms paints in Auvers and Pontoise in company of Pissarro, Cézanne and Guillaumin. He is also a close relation of Doctor Gachet and To wall, and very estimated Van Gogh brothers. Frederic Cordey, a friend of Renoir, also painted in Auvers with the latter and exposed to the living room of 1877. It remains then with Éragny, but this painter falls very quickly into the lapse of memory.

On Tuesday, May 20 1890 at eleven o'clock in the morning, Doctor Gachet receives a painter then unknown of the public, recommended by his/her brother: Vincent van Gogh. This one is at the top of its control artistic and painted with frenzy more than seventy fabrics in two months. In addition to an art with his apogee, Vincent describes in his works the life of a small commune of the French Vexin at the end of the 19th century, his country life, his architecture. Of a great expressive force, its pallet darkens nevertheless little by little expressing the evil of living which torments it, its life “being attacked with the root even”. Undoubtedly exhausted nervously by its work, and feeling guilty to be the financial responsibility of his brother, it draws a blow from revolver in full field on July 26th before being brought back to the Ravoux inn where it remains; it there dies three days later and is buried in the cemetery of the village.

Eugene Mürer (Mills, 1846 - Auvers-sur-Oise, 1909) is pastrycook-restorer Boulevard Voltaire, with Paris. But he is also writer and collector of Article Ami of Pissarro, Cézanne, Renoir, Sisley, Guillaumin and Vignon, he buys their fabrics at prices defying any competition. In 1878, it is made build a house, street of the Furnace with Auvers and installs a gallery there where its a hundred and twenty impressionist fabrics are exposed, which are unfortunately dispersed then because of a disagreement with his/her Marie sister. It puts itself at painting and exposes at Ambroise Vollard in 1898.

Norbert Gœneutte (Paris, 1854, Auvers-sur-Oise, 1894) painter close to the impressionists - without to have ever taken part in any of their living rooms - was especially expressed in the Gravure. Friend of Renoir, Cordey, To wall and of Doctor Gachet, this last makes it come in Auvers in 1891 in order to look after his chest complaint which worsens. Primarily portraitist of women, it paints between two engravings of the Aquarelle S and small fabrics of outdoor to the acute angles and the astonishing colors. He is buried with the cemetery of Auvers.

Later, other painters continue to attend Auvers: the Douanier Rousseau then Maurice de Vlaminck, which comes to go in the steps of Van Gogh that he admires, comes to draw their inspiration there. During the Years 1930, another large admiror of Van Gogh, Otto Freundlich (Stolp, Germany, 1878 - Concentration camp of Lublin - Maidanek, Poland, 1943) German painter and Jewish of Poméranie attends Auvers assiduously. His/her partner Jeanine Kosnik-Kloss is buried besides vis-a-vis the tomb of the Van Gogh brothers. The painter occupies a workshop of the Bateau-Lavoir in Paris in 1908 where it becomes acquainted with Apollinaire, Braque, Picasso and Juan Gris. Restorer of the stained glasses of the Cathedral of Chartres in 1914, his “new man”, sculpture of 1912 is placed as a cover for the catalog Nazi of “degenerated art”. The artist taken refuge in the the Eastern Pyrenees finally is stopped in 1943 and is off-set. The Musée Tavet-Delacour of Pontoise preserves an important donation of the artist. With the 21e century, several galleries perpetuate the stay of artists in the village, in particular along the street of Montcel.

Administration

August 1st 1948, 17% of the territory of Auvers-sur-Oise was detached and became the new commune of Butry-on-Oise.

Auvers-sur-Oise is the chief town of the Canton of Valley-of-Sausseron the. The commune is member of the Communauté of communes of the Valley of Oise and the impressionists, created on November 25th 2004 and whose president is Jean-Pierre Pernot, Maire of Méry-on-Oise, commune which lodges the seat of the community. It gathers: 25255 inhabitants (in 1999) of six perish-urban communes out of two banks of Oise. The small rural communes of the canton formed as of 2002 a distinct community, the Communauté of communes of the Valley of Sausseron, except for Frouville remained outwards, which federates 12 communes (including four of the Canton of Navy) and: 8477 inhabitants (in 1999).

Auvers belongs to the First district of the Val-d'Oise, whose deputy is, since 1993, Philippe Houillon (UMP), also mayor of Pontoise since 2001. The Municipal council is composed of the mayor and twenty-eight city council men (of which eights are associated with the mayor).

The common one belongs to the jurisdiction of authority and great authority as well as trade of Pontoise.

Political tendencies

Politically, Auvers-sur-Oise is a commune oscillating between right-hand side and left according to the elections. The socialist mayor Jean-Pierre Béquet was constantly re-elected since 1989, on the other hand, the line arrives at the head at certain consultations.

With the presidential election of 2002, the first turn saw arriving at the head Jacques Chirac with 18,7%, followed Jean-Marie Le Pen and Lionel Jospin with 16,6% each one, then No5el Mamère with 6,9%, Francois Bayrou with 6,8%, Jean-Pierre Chevènement with 6,7%, Arlette Laguiller with 5,3% no other candidate not exceeding the threshold of the 5%. With the second turn, the voters voted to 84,9% for Jacques Chirac against 15,1% for Jean-Marie Le Pen with a rate of abstention from 15,0%, result close to the national tendencies (respectively 82,21% and 17,79%; abstention 20,29%) with however a lower rate of abstention.

With the referendum on the constitutional treaty for Europe of May 29th, 2005, Auversois approved with a small majority the European Constitution, with 51,93% of Yes compared with 48,07% of Not with a rate of abstention from 21,82% (whole France: Not to 54,67%; Yes to 45,33%). These figures are contrary with the departmental tendency of the Val-d'Oise (Not to 53,47%; Yes to 46,53%) but close to the results franciliens (Yes 53,99%; Not 46,01%).

With the presidential election of 2007, the first turn saw arriving at the head Nicolas Sarkozy with 33,61%, followed by Ségolène Royal with 26,33%, Francois Bayrou with 20,33%, Jean-Marie Le Pen with 8,12%, finally Olivier Besancenot with 3,08%, no other candidate not exceeding the threshold of the 2%. The second turn saw arriving at the head Nicolas Sarkozy with 53,42% compared with 46,58% for Ségolène Royal, which is in the French average (national result: respectively 53,06 and 46,94%).

Mayors of Auvers-sur-Oise

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Budget and taxation

the Primitive Budget adopted on March 29th, 2007 balanced as well in receipts as in expenditure. It was distributed as follows:
  • Expenditure and receipts of investment: : 3274097 euros
  • Expenditure and receipts of operation: : 6577656 euros
  • Total: : 9851753 euros

With a rate of tax of dwelling of 16,81% in 2006, tax pressure for the private individuals in Auvers-sur-Oise east in the high average of the department. This rate increased by 1,5 point since 2001. The departmental rate of the Val-d'Oise was fixed in 2006 to 5,88% of the rental value. As comparison, this rate (trade-union share included) was of 15,29% with Pontoise and only 7,92% with Saint-Ouen-the Alms, which profits from important incomes in Professional tax which had with the presence of a vast zone of activity.

Twinning

Demography

After one long period of stagnation, the population of Auvers-sur-Oise knew a progressive increase starting from the Années 1880. This one was clearly accentuated during the Années 1960 with the expansion of the Paris and its suburbs which reached the commune and involved the construction of many houses, and once again during the Années 1990.

Demographic table of the 20th century

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BarData= bar: 1901 text: 1901 bar: 1911 text: 1911 bar: 1921 text: 1921 bar: 1931 text: 1931 bar: 1946 text: 1946 bar: 1954 text: 1954 bar: 1962 text: 1962 bar: 1968 text: 1968 bar: 1975 text: 1975 bar: 1982 text: 1982 bar: 1990 text: 1990 bar: 1999 text: 1999

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bar: 1901 from: 0 till: 2402 bar: 1911 from: 0 till: 2681 bar: 1921 from: 0 till: 2961 bar: 1931 from: 0 till: 3240 bar: 1946 from: 0 till: 3345 bar: 1954 from: 0 till: 3172 bar: 1962 from: 0 till: 3772 bar: 1968 from: 0 till: 5124 bar: 1975 from: 0 till: 5808 bar: 1982 from: 0 till: 5722 bar: 1990 from: 0 till: 6129 bar: 1999 from: 0 till: 6820

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bar: 1901 At: 2402 fontsize: S text: 2.402 shift: (- 8,5) bar: 1911 At: 2681 fontsize: S text: 2.681 shift: (- 10,5) bar: 1921 At: 2961 fontsize: S text: 2.961 shift: (- 10,5) bar: 1931 At: 3240 fontsize: S text: 3.240 shift: (- 10,5) bar: 1946 At: 3345 fontsize: S text: 3.345 shift: (- 10,5) bar: 1954 At: 3172 fontsize: S text: 3.172 shift: (- 10,5) bar: 1962 At: 3772 fontsize: S text: 3.772 shift: (- 10,5) bar: 1968 At: 5124 fontsize: S text: 5.124 shift: (- 10,5) bar: 1975 At: 5808 fontsize: S text: 5.808 shift: (- 10,5) bar: 1982 At: 5722 fontsize: S text: 5.722 shift: (- 10,5) bar: 1990 At: 6129 fontsize: S text: 6.129 shift: (- 10,5) bar: 1999 At: 6820 fontsize: S text: 6.820 shift: (- 10,5)

TextData= fontsize: S pos: (30,20) text: source INSEE

Population pyramid

The population pyramid of Auvers-sur-Oise shows slow a demographic ageing of the commune between 1990 and 1999.

Contrary to the area Ile-de-France as a whole, Auvers-sur-Oise sees the share of the children (less than 15 years) decreasing with an increase of 2 points between the two Recensement S of 1990 and 1999. These values remain nevertheless close on behalf of less than fifteen years in the area (20,3% of the men and 20,1% of the women in Auvers-sur-Oise against respectively 19,9% and 17,9% in the area). But the share from the 15 to 30 years remains weaker than the regional tendency, and it moved back since 1990. The share from the 45 to 59 years on the other hand strongly increased in the city, more still than the regional total tendency. The section of more than 60 is as for it completely in conformity with the area, as well in proportion as in progression.

Economy

Auvers-sur-Oise has some trade and an average surfaces commercial in the center but any large surface nor zone of economic activity. The common one remains primarily residential, the fabrics economic especially consists of some small companies. Thanks to the memory of the painters, Vincent van Gogh in particular, Auvers constitute the first tourist center of attraction of the Val-d'Oise with approximately: 300000 annual visitors: the castle of Auvers is visited by close to: 70000 people per annum and the Tourist office accommodates close to: 40000 visitors each year. Nevertheless tourism benefits relatively little the commune, which has only two hotels, a camp-site (way of Bellerive) and very few tourist shops, which contributes nevertheless to preserve the authenticity of it and avoids the drifts of tourism of mass.

In 1999, only 13,8% of the Auversois credits having an employment worked in the commune, quantifies to retreat of 20,6% since 1990, and 17,3% of the credits worked out of the Val-d'Oise. The majority of the credits work in the agglomeration of Cergy-Pontoise, or for some in the department of the Hauts-de-Seine or with Paris. The private car is largely privileged for residence-work displacements, representing 70,3% of the means of transports, consequence of the mediocrity of the service road of the commune by public transport.

Unemployment rate was of 7,9% in 1999 (national average: 12,9% in 1999) and of 7,3% in 2004. The average revenue by household is definitely higher than the national average than approximately: 25080€ per annum (national average: : 15027€ per annum).

Sociology

The executives and intellectual professions on-are slightly represented with a rate of 22,7% in 1999 (against 13,1% on average in France) but almost in the average of the area with 22,8% in Île-de-France. The intermediate occupations on average account for 32,1% of the credits against 23,1% national and 25,6% on average regional. A contrario , the workmen accounts for only 13,8% of the credits of the commune against 25,6% in France and 16,5% in Ile-de-France. The commune counted to 0,4% farmers in addition.
24,9% of Auversois followed higher learning, against 18,1% on average to Metropolitan France, but 28,1% on average regional. The population of the city thus primarily consists of employees and frameworks, and remains in the sociological average of an perish-urban commune of Paris.

Transport

The commune is served by two stations of the Transilien Paris-North: the Station of Auvers-sur-Oise itself and the Station of Chaponval, in the west of the commune on the same line Pontoise - Creil. To go to Auvers coming from Paris, Station Saint-Lazare, station of North, or by the line C of the RER, it is necessary to change either with Saint-Ouen-the Alms or with Pontoise. It should be noted that a direct tourist train connects the station of North to Auvers-sur-Oise saturdays and Sundays of at the beginning of April at the end of October (new in 2008).

Auvers is also crossed by the lines of bus Busval of Oise 95.07,95.16,95.17.

Tourist monuments and top-places

Auvers-sur-Oise has several historic buildings classified or registered and its territory constitutes a registered site. The village, between Oise and the slopes, as well as the fields in the north of the church are classified in Protection zone of the architectural, urban and landscape heritage (ZPPAUP).

Located at thirty kilometers in the north of Paris, the village kept its character bucolic, its many masonries of the 19th century and cultivates the memory of the painters. Twenty-two plate-tables were installed through the commune by association “the memory of the places”. They make it possible to compare the fabrics with the sites such as they are generally presented today, without much evolution except details that and there. The course can be prolonged through the city close to Pontoise, where other plates are installed in front of the landscapes painted by Camille Pissarro.

The church Our-Lady-with-the Assomption was made universally famous for Vincent van Gogh which represented it on one of its fabrics (today with the Musée of Orsay). This church Vexinoise was set up with and 13th century. The chorus and the Transept are the oldest parts of the building, the Nef was built towards 1220. The Chevet was then taken again towards 1260 and its increased windows. In 1822, the municipality pours the required funds with the consolidation of eight propping up which threatened the vaults of the church by their outdatedness. In 1850, the Sacristie is built. The blazing rosette, damaged by a storm, was remade in 1876. The building was classified historic building in 1915.

The interior has large pillars decorated with Romance capitals of the 12th century. The Nef is paved with old turned over tomb stones, coming from the unused contiguous cemetery. The Clocher shelters three bells: one baptized Marie-Louise going back to 1733, and two of 1891, named Adolphine-Caroline and Constancy-Eugenie . A Organ, realized by the factor Bernard Hurvy, was installed in the church in May 2006. This instrument of 29 plays is of neo-classic esthetics. At the 17th century, the building is surrounded by an enclosure which reinforces the existing walls and the staircase is built.

The cemetery was initially on the quay level immediately in the south of the church. Become well too exiguous for the population of then, it was moved with the north of the village in 1858 and the old tombs transferred in 1875. It is famous for the tombs of Vincent van Gogh and its brother Théo, located at the bottom of the northern cemetery side, against the enclosing wall. The cemetery also shelters the burials of the painters Norbert Gœneutte, Léonide Bourges and that of Henri Mataigne (historian of Auvers).

The castle of Auvers or castle of Léry (street of Léry) was built in 1633 for an Italian banker. The central body of the building was in the beginning a house with Italian with a platform roof. It was increased at the 18th century of two side houses and its frontage was then reorganized. The castle, surrounded by a beautiful park in terraces, accommodates the “course-spectacle at the time of the impressionists”. The park shelters a Nymphée, artificial cave circular having a zenith lighting. The interior evokes the nymphs by the decoration of Coquillage S, constituting a rustic decoration sails very about it during the 18th century. The visible monogram in the central oval is allotted to prince Louis-François of Bourbon-Conti, owner of the castle starting from 1765.

The Ravoux inn and its famous painted frontage, saw arriving in May 1890 some Vincent van Gogh, which rented there a small modest room under the roofs, lit only by one attic window. He discharged for this room and a daily meal the sum of 3,50 francs per day. He remained there the nine last weeks of his life. Brought back wounded of a ball which it itself had drawn in full field, the painter died there three days later the July 29th 1890. Remained a coffee during the 20th century but gradually denatured, the inn was restored in its state of the Belle Time in 1994. It accommodates a restaurant today and became a place of memory open to the visit.

The house of the doctor-Gachet (street of the Doctor-Gachet) was acquired in April 1872 by Paul Gachet, doctor, collector of art and friend of the painters of which Vincent van Gogh that it receives and looks after in 1890. This last has several times represented this residence on its fabrics. The cliff with the back of the house shelters a workshop troglodytic. The property was acquired and restored by the General advice of the Val-d'Oise then opened to the public in spring 2003 at the time of the hundred-fiftieth birthday of the birth of Van Gogh.

The house of hung (street of the Furnace) was made famous for the painter Paul Cézanne, inspired by this very dilapidated residence then probably, which it represented with the beginning of the year 1873, pushed “to paint on the reason” by Pissarro. No hung was never found there, its name coming from a deformation of the name of its Breton owner “PEN From”.

The house-workshop of Charles-François Daubigny (61, rue Daubigny) was built for the painter in 1861 and 1862. It has the characteristic to be entirely decorated with very the interior walls by the painter, his Karl son and his friends Oudinot painters and Camille Corot. The house was classified historic building in 1993.

The Van-Gogh Park shelters a statue carried out in 1961 in homage to the painter by the sculptor Ossip Zadkine. This last represented the painter large, thin and the glance right, bearing on its back its rest, which corresponds more to one notation symbolic and psychological of the man rather than his real physique.

The manor of Colombières was built at the 17th century and has a level moreover on street that on garden. It nowadays shelters the tourist office and on the floor, the Daubigny museum.

The museum of the Wormwood exposes the history of this drink prohibited since 1915 and which was the “MUSE green” of many artists of the 19th century.

The Manor house-Valley (street of Grinding) was built by the architect Hector Guimard in 1903 and 1904, which benefitted skilfully from the unevenness of the ground.

The ruins of the Saint Nicolas's Day vault of Valhermeil, built in 1222, at Chaponval, preserve three Gothic arcades. A new Saint Nicolas's Day vault was built in the vicinity in 1910.

Famous characters

Birth

Auvers-sur-Oise is the birthplace of the contemporary writer French Philippe Delerm, author of many novels among which the international best-seller “ the first Beer mouthful”.

Death

The painter Vincent van Gogh, the July 29th, 1890, buried with his/her brother in the cemetery of the city.

Eugene Miller (born To wall Hyacinthe), pastrycook, owner of a restaurant with Auvers and deceased in 1906. Friend of Doctor Gachet, it attended and helped many painters to the row of which one can quote Cézanne and Pissarro.

The cemetery of the city shelters for their last residence, in addition to Vincent and Theo van Gogh several painters and engravers: Norbert Gœneutte, Emile Boggio, Léonide Bourges, Charles Sprague Pierce, Eugene To wall and Douglas Jones. One also finds there fall it from the large pianist Éliane Richepin.

Culture

Village of the painters, Auvers continues to perpetuate this tradition with the 21e century with seven galleries or workshops of contemporary painters opened with the public. The city of the artists of Auvers (5, rue du Montcel) includes a gallery of Contemporary art which accommodates exposures organized by the Municipal Office of Culture (OMC). The commune in addition accommodates many artists, painters, but also sculptors, draftsmen and photographers.

On the other hand, the commune does not have a public library, which is largely lacking for a city of: 7000 inhabitants and of which the more important cities close which have some (Communauté to agglomeration of Cergy-Pontoise in particular) are not very accessible in public transport. A small library exists however with the Hearth of Old, it is open every Thursday and Sundays of 10:30 to 12:00.

Festivals and events

Auvers-sur-Oise offers throughout the year of many cultural events.

From March to May is held the “festival of the Iris”, since 2003 each year, with a different set of themes (for example: the iris with the current in 2006). The demonstration proposes exposures of floral art, an artistic contest, processions, musical animations and has as a point of organ one weekend of festivities, the last weekend of May: “days of the Iris”. From March to September, the city also proposes a cultural diary of exposures and family animations.

A festival of band-drawn proceeds the first weekend of April since 2004. The fourth edition in 2007 proposed for example three exposures on the topics of: “the data base in philately”, “Jean-Claude Mézières” (invited honor), “the 5th element”. The last weekend of April, proceeds the Convention of the Disc (Van-Disc) which saw its sixth edition in 2007.

In May and June is held the festival of Auvers-sur-Oise , international festival of chamber music or lyric, which has as a framework the church of Auvers, the Château of Méry-on-Oise and its park or the Saint-Denis church of Méry-on-Oise, commune bordering on Auvers. This festival born in 1979 thanks to the constitution of the association of the festival of Auvers per Pascal Escande and the Demissy father. After modest beginnings, it took an important dimension starting from 1981 while settling within the framework of the church of Auvers, and international in 1985 as the American professional singer Barbara Hendricks comes to take part in it. In 1987, Georges Cziffra gives to it his last concert in the Val-d'Oise, in the church where his/her son had married, chief-of disappeared orchestra a few years before. In 1990, it is Mstislav Rostropovitch which gives to it a recital of Violoncelle. For the musical offer, the Municipal Office of the Culture also proposes since 1991 “Auvers' jazz”, in the concerts of Jazz in the theater of the castle, the room of the Coffee of Peace and the House of the Island all along the year as is held since 1996, the festival “Jazz with the wire of Oise”, each November during five successive weekends. Since the year 2000, a Rock festival initiated by the service youth of the city is held each October at the house of the island.

The third weekend of June, the “Festival of the Feast” replonge the center town at the time impressionist. The Festival of the street Rémy saw its first edition on October 4th 1885. In November, around on November 11th, has place “the Pallet”, exposure of painters amateurs.

Auvers-sur-Oise in the literature

The poet parnassien and dramatic author François Coppée (Paris, 1842 - Paris, 1908) lived in Auvers. A street bears the name of this academician.

Auvers-sur-Oise with the cinema

Two full-length films were turned to Auvers-sur-Oise, they met an international success:

  • Vincent Van Gogh, last days with Auvers (2006) of Peter Knapp. turned in HD (52 mn).

Teaching

Six public schools exempt teaching with Auvers: two nursery schools, three elementary schools and a college.

The common changing of the academy of Versailles. The schools are managed by the general inspection of the departmental inspection of State education of St-Ouen-the Alms. The district belongs to the basin of education and training of Pontoise.

Sport

Auvers-sur-Oise has two gymnasia, the gymnasium Charles-Bozon (street of the Culverts) and the gymnasium of the College (street Pierre-Bérégovoy), a park of the sports and a club house of tennis (street Roger-Tagliana). Certain activities proceed with the house of the Island , versatile room of the commune. Auvers-sur-Oise in addition counts eighteen sports associations, of which some in inter-commune matter (Handball) proposing the practice of the majority of the usual sports activities (Football, Tennis, Basket-ball, Gymnastique, Billard, etc). Some, like the Ducks auversois , propose a transport in the bus towards the equipment absent from the commune (swimming pool…). The Judo Club of Auvers-sur-Oise was classified 1st of the Val-d'Oise over the season 2004 - 2005

Appendices

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