Authoritarianism
If it is difficult to define the Political system called authoritarianism , since this term revêt the characteristics of the modes neither Démocratique S, nor Totalitaire S, these two other forms of mode, them, being well characterized, one can however give an outline of what raises of the “authoritarianism” :
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Absence of division of the capacities (Pluralism): the sovereign, the party or the organization with the capacity are the only holder of all the capacities. The various legislative powers, executive and legal are intermingled and are not independent. The political parties other than that with the capacity are tolerated, even if the competition for the acquisition of the political power is limited.
- Absence of control of the capacities
- Absence of Legitimacy, of the principle of national sovereignty: the people do not have the right to vote, or the elective system returns the votes without object.
- Absence of elaborate Ideology direct: With the difference in the totalitarian modes do not assert a precise ideology.
- Absence of Will to reform the company.
- Autocratic System very often
- Not respect of the Human rights. Freedoms of expression, of association and opinion are restricted.
- Will to separate State and civil society contrary to the totalitarian modes
Examples of country autoritarists
- the Second empire in France.
- the contemporary Algeria.
Democracy
The democracy of a mode autoritarist underlines a lack of legitimacy of the votes of the people. The people strictly speaking do not have any " droit" on the government in place, it cannot consequently relieve it, criticize it or require of him a decision favorable to the whole of the people.
Share capacities
On the plan of the division of the capacities, a mode autoritarist sees the very centralized capacity. The legislature, the executive and the legal one either are intermingled, or organized to support the absolute control of the State on the economic and civil actions.
Economy
The saving in a mode autoritarist often concerns the working or agricultural fields, therefore of the mass production. The demonstrations in favor of the right of the workers and the unionization either are controlled there by the State, or rabroués by the State.
The imposition with the outside firms is there usually very low, even null and the minimum wage of the workers is there also very low. However, certain modes refuse even the private company inside its borders.
The standard of living of a citizen of a country having a mode autoritarist is thus very modest. The great majority of the States autoritarist are thus classified country of the Tiers-monde.
Religion
The authoritarian regimes rest sometimes on the Religion to justify their legitimacy. The the Holy Alliance had been formed by authoritarian regimes which wanted to be opposed to the revolutions and to make reign the eternal peace of Christ.
Totalitarianism, dictatorship…
According to Juan Linz, the nondemocratic modes (or authoritarianism) are neither attachable with the democratic regimes, nor with the totalitarian modes.
The comparison with a totalitarian mode is easy, nevertheless there exist nuances between these two types of modes. Authoritarianism is more general. A dictatorial mode wants to be autoritarist but a mode autoritarist can not be a dictatorship with the clean direction. Just like it can not be totalitarian. That is often seen, for example, when a minority ethnos group seizes power in a country and that she exerts laws which must follow the majority not being to the capacity. Thus these laws will have to frame all the spheres of activity so as to subject the population.
As follows:
- totalitarianism wants to be autoritarist on the whole of the population.
- the dictatorship wants to be autoritarist so as to " to unify the chief, the State and the peuple" , under goodwill of the Head of State, according to his whims.
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