Austronésiens

One calls Austronésiens the populations speaking about the Langues austronésiennes. A former use but still preserving all its raison d'être in a more restricted direction is " Austronesian s". Certain researchers use the term of Nusantarien (of will nusantara, old expression java is born meaning “islands from the outside” and which indicated the islands of the archipelago indonésien other than Java).

The majority of the inhabitants of the insular Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Filipino, Malaysia) speak about the languages austronésiennes. Austronésiens constitute also minorities in Burma, with the Kampuchea, in China (island of Hainan), with Taiwan, in Thailand, with the Vietnam. More in the east, Austronésiens are present in New Guinea-News-Guinea and in all the Oceania, except notable for the Australia. In the west, one speaks about the languages austronésiennes to Madagascar. The languages austronésiennes extend thus on a surface which goes from Madagascar to the west to the Easter Island to the east, and from Taiwan and Hawaii in north with the New Zealand in the south. The linguistic genetics, which aims at reconstituting filiation through the time of a whole of languages connected between them, tends to locate at Taiwan the cradle of these languages.

An interdisciplinary associating archeology in particular, ethnobotanic and linguistic research made it possible to reconstitute a geographical diffusion of the languages austronésiennes and agricultural techniques. There is 5 000 years (3 000 front J. - C), of the inhabitants of the littoral of the China of the South, farmers of millet and Rice, start to cross the strait to settle in Taiwan. Towards 2 000 before J. - C., these languages and these techniques diffuse of Taiwan towards the Filipino , then of Philippines towards Célèbes and Timor and from there, the other islands of the archipelago Indonesia N. Towards 1 500 av. J. - C., another movement carries out Filipino in New Guinea and beyond, the islands of the Pacifique.

However, biology does not seem to indicate that human migrations systematically accompanied these cultural diffusions. A study on the variation of the Y chromosome carried out by a group of biologists of the United States, from Italy, from the United Kingdom and Taiwan concludes with a paternal heritage in the majority from the inhabitants from Indonesia and Oceania coming from populations established in the area since the Pléistocène (i.e. there is more than 10.000 years Before the present, therefore before with the migrations austronésiennes). This study in addition shows a genetic contribution at Indonésiens coming from the north (Philippines and Taiwan) associated with populations of farmers, therefore dating from the Neolithic . According to this study, all occurs as if the inhabitants of Oceania had adopted with the Neolithic era the language and the techniques of populations originating in Philippines without that resulting in the establishment of those in the area. On the other hand, of the populations come from north would have been established in Indonesia, undoubtedly less densément populated with the Neolithic era.

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