Austrian revolution of 1848
See also: Revolution of 1848
The Austrian revolution of 1848 consists of a series of liberal risings and/or nationalists who initially overcame the Austrian mode of Metternich, for then, because of their own divisions, to be finally made overcome by the forces loyal supporter and preserving.
The Revolution
The French events of the revolution of February are used as release with a revolutionary movement Viennese who existed already for some time in a latent state. A demonstration of workmen and peasants with Vienna the March 13rd thus will cause the unexpected fall of the Metternich government which dominated the Austrian political life since nearly 27 years. Prince de Metternich is forced to flee in a dirty bag of linen. He makes this sour remark: “I controlled Europe, never Austria”. In parallel the emperor Ferdinand grants a constitution, while the Italians benefit from the events to drive out the March 18th the Austrian garrisons of central Italy.
The constituent one
In spring is elected by the vote for all a constituent assembly which abolishes the feudal rights. This democratic initiative involves a decomposition of the empire. Thus Czech claims and obtains their autonomy under the aegis of Frantisek Ladislav Rieger which requires a liberal constitution recognizing the historical rights of the people of Bohemia. The Hungarians, as for them, found a parliamentary ministry what places them de facto out of the empire. The Austrian and autrichianized middle-class is not without fearing the perverse effects of this centrifugal movement, nor without fearing the social consequences of one revolution to the Frenchwoman.
The backward flow
After the victory of Custozza over Piedmont which makes it possible to stop unifying inclinations of the Italian peninsula and the repression in June of the Czech rising of František Palacký, the army and the reaction manage to take again Vienna the October 31st, thanks to the action of Schwarzenberg and his/her brother-in-law, Windischgrätz, which restore a new emperor, François-Joseph Ier of Austria the November 21st, while Ferdinand Ier of Austria is seen constrained to abdicate the December 2nd. For its good and faithful services, Schwarzenberg is named chancellor, which makes it possible the reaction to continue and to extend to the unit from the empire: the Hungarians are subdued in 1849 with the assistance of Russia-----
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