Austenite
The austenite is a solid solution of Carbone in the allotrope γ of the Fer, which east is stable between 910°C and 1 394°C. This allotrope has a crystallographic structure Cubique with centered faces, Notation Strukturbericht A1, which allows a great solubility of the Carbone (until mass 2,1% 1 147°C). Iron γ is Paramagnétique (one understands by there that it leaves the field of Ferromagnétisme iron at low temperature - T< Tc =770°C - and returns in the paramagnetic field).
The austenite name comes from William Chandler Roberts-Austen (1843-1902).
Certain elements (Manganese, Nickel, Nitrogen for example) increase the beach of stability of austenite; they are known as “gammagenes”. With a sufficient proportioning, they make it possible, thanks to a hardening, to obtain austenite with room temperature in a metastable state. It is the case of steels known as austenitic. The great majority of the stainless steels is austenitic, because they combine good corrosion resistances with mechanical properties higher than ferritic steel.
Other elements (Silicon, Molybdenum or Chromium for example) tend to destabilize austenite. One calls these elements “alphagenes”.
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