Auld Alliance

The term of “ Alliance old woman; ”, Auld Alliance in Scots, indicates an alliance between the France, the Scotland and the Norway which draws its origin in the Saga from the jarls of the Orkneys (“ Orkneyinga saga ”) and of the invasion of the Normandy by the Viking S. Norway never referred there, but this alliance constitutes the base of the free-Scottish relations of 1295 with 1746.

History of alliance

Auld alliance is an alliance between France, the Norway and the Scotland, at the expense of the England. It goes up with 1165 when Guillaume the Lion addressed an embassy to Louis {{Rom|VII|7}} of France although the first hard copy of this alliance is the treaty signed in Paris the October 23rd 1295 between the representatives of Jean Baliol and Philippe Beautiful the. The February 23rd 1296, the Scottish Parlement ratifies the treaty of alliance signed with the France. This treaty provided that if one of the States underwent an attack of England, the other State would invade England, as shows it the example of the Bataille of Flodden Field in 1513.

In 1326, Robert Bruce renewed Alliance by the treated of Corbeil. With, the treaty was called upon with six recoveries.

The July 6th 1560, the Traité of Edinburgh revoked officially alliance, after 250 years. Scotland become Protestant was combined from now on with England, Protestant woman also. However, certain points of the treaty remained in application. Inter alia, all the Scot were recognized like French citizens until the revocation of this point in 1903 by the French government.

Other consequences of alliance

Although it was before any soldier and diplomatic, alliance guaranteed the double citizenship between the two States. The treaty affected the life of the Scot in various fields, architecture, the law, the language and cooks it because of the many mercenaries Scot who could enter to the service of France. The Scot took taste with the best French wines. At that time, the Bordeaux wine was, in front of the Whiskey, the “ national drink ” of the Scotland. In 1620, the Scottish port of Leith thus imported a million liters of claret, that is to say one liter per capita!

Application of the treaty

In 1336, to the beginning of the War One hundred Year old, the king of France Philippe de Valois provides a military aid to the king d' Écosse David {{Rom|II|2}} in exile in France after being deposited by Edouard {{Romanian|III|3}} of England.

In 1346, Scotland invades England to defend the interests of France. The Scottish army was however overcome and David II|2 captive fact with the battles of Neville' S Cross.

In 1421, at the time of the Battle of Wallow, the free-Scottish forces caused a severe defeat with the English and the French rewarded the Scot gracefully. This victory was of short duration because in 1424, with the Bataille of Verneuil the Scottish troops were destroyed. In spite of this defeat, the action of the Scot was a sufficiently effective support which gave a respite to France, thus preserving it complete occupation by England.

In 1429, Scot assisted Jeanne d' Arc to raise the head office of Orleans. A body of Scot was established to defend the person of king de France. Many Écossais lords intallèrent themselves in France, some continued to regard themselves as Écossais and others were integrated like the Stuarts de Darnley, become lords of Aubigny (small town of the North of the Berry) which will remain " écossaise" until the 18th century.

In 1558, this alliance historical was still reinforced by the marriage of the François Dolphin (future François {{Rom|II|2}}) with Marie Stuart. On this occasion, the king of France Henri {{Romanian|II|2}} establishes a Lettre of great automatic naturalization between French and Scot.

At the 18th century, after the Act of union (1707) of the kingdoms of England and Scotland, some Jacobites, in favor of Stuarts demolished with the Battle of Culloden (1746), find refuge in France in the name of Auld Alliance, in particular with Saint-Germain-in-Bush hammer and Sancerre.

In 1942, the Général De Gaulle qualifies the free-Scottish alliance of “ older alliance in the world ”. It applied it besides by authorizing French parachutists to being joined together with an English unit (SAS), because it was directed by a Scot (David Stirling).

Nowadays, Auld Alliance is especially evoked at the time of folk or sporting events (Tournoi of the six nations in particular). Today more known of the Scot than of the French, it remains for the first one of the marks of their national identity deeply differentiating them from the English. In France it is particularly commemorated with Saint-Germain-in-Bush hammer and with Aubigny-on-Nère where a museum devoted to Alliance is located and are held each year of the free-Scottish Festivals.

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