Augustin Malroux
Augustin Malroux is a politician and resistant French, born on April 5th, 1900 with Blaye-the-Mines, in the Tarn and died in deportation on April 10th, 1945 with the camp of Bergen-Belsen, teacher of profession.
The political ascendance
Wire of a miner very marked by the thought of Jean Jaurès, Augustin Malroux made his studies at the higher Elementary school (college) of Albi, then at the Teacher training school teachers of Toulouse. After its military service (1920 to 1922), it is in station in the Tarn of 1923 to 1936 with his wife, itself teacher.
The documents studied up to now by the historians do not make it possible to determine when it adheres to the SFIO. It on the other hand is proven that it founds the section of Lafenasse 1928 and becomes the secretary about it. He takes part in all the congresses of the federation of the Tarn. With the national congress of SFIO, held with Paris in July 1933, it supports Leon Blum and is opposed to Adrien Marquet and Marcel Déat. February 4th, 1934, he becomes secretary of the federation of the Tarn.
In 1935, he is elected mayor of his native commune. The following year, he is elected appointed of the Tarn and becomes Member of the Permanent Administrative Commission, body décisionnaire of the SFIO at the time. He pays several visits in Aveyron, Haute-Garonne, in the Herault and even in the area of Oran, in April 1937, to support the local Socialists. Its voyage in Algérie is worth to him to be hard criticized by certain newspapers, because it expresses its anticolonialism.
In December 1938, it deposits an amendment with the House of Commons to exonerate taxes corn exports towards republican Spain. In February 1940, he denounces the partiality of the censure which authorizes the publication of explicit calls to the murder against Leon Blum and of attacks to secularity. He is then taken with part by some deputies of right-hand side and extreme right-hand side, in particular Philippe Henriot.
Hero and martyr of Resistance
July 10th, 1940, it is one of the eighty members of Parliament who vote against the attribution of the full powerss to the marshal Pétain (see Vote of the full powerss with Philippe Pétain on July 10th, 1940). He writes with his wife and his children: “I was high in the love of the Republic. Today, one claims the crucifier. I do not join this gesture assassin. ” In September 1940, it takes part in the foundation of the socialist Comité of action (CASE) for the Northern zone, offers its Parisian residence for the clandestine meetings, then ensures the connection between the Northern CASE and the Southern CASE, founded him by Daniel Mayer. In May, then in December 1941, it takes part in the meetings of the Southern CASE. He works actively with Suzanne Buisson and Edouard Froment.
Augustin Malroux also takes care to maintain the contact with the interned or imprisoned socialist deputies. He informs of his activities Louis Noguères, another deputy SFIO having voted against the full powerss, and assigned with residence by the Régime of Vichy.
Since 1940, it is charged to establish the bond between Release-North and Release-South. In 1942, this movement charges it with creating a group of combat.
At the end of 1941, it takes part in the clandestine reconstitution of the National union of the teachers, in a network of teachers founded by Georges Lapierre, former general secretary of the SNI (death with Dachau). This network is integrated in the Confrérie Notre-Dame. Finally Augustin Malroux adheres to the civil Organization and soldier.
Decree on March 2nd, 1943 in Paris, Augustin Malroux is imprisoned with Fresnes. September 15th, 1943, it is off-set in Germany. Initially held in the camp of Neue-Bremm, it is then transferred in the prisons from Frankfort, Kassel, Halle and Berlin, then held with Sachsenhausen (Kommando of Baad-Saarow) of October 1943 in February 1945. It is then transported to Bergen-Belsen, where it dies on April 10th.
Its death is certified only a few weeks later. Meanwhile, the SFIO tarnaise made of it its chief candidate for the municipal elections with Carmaux. He is proclaimed mayor on May 17th, 1945.
Homages
In April 1946, a plate is affixed on the frontage from its building in Paris. Robert Verdier makes a speech on this occasion. A monument is then inaugurated with Albi in the presence of Michel Auriol, Jean Biondi and Daniel Mayer.
Several streets of tarnaises cities bear its name, as well as the college of Blaye-the-Mines, inaugurated in 1990 by Lionel Jospin, then Minister for State education.
Sources
- Jean Maitron (to dir.), biographical Dictionary of the labor movement French , cédérom, ED. workshop, 1997
- Louis Mexandeau, History of the Socialist party (1905-2005) , ED. Tallandier, 2005
- Ass Malroux, With my father Augustin Malroux , co-operative printing works of the South-Ouet 1991,1997