Augustin Barruel

First years and studies

Born from family authentically noble Barruel her humanities with the college of Tournon before becoming Jesuit in 1756 made. After the years of spiritual training he taught grammar with the college of Toulouse. It is there that the decree of Louis XV (1764) expelling surprised it the Jesuits of the kingdom of France. It was constrained with the exile. It was initially the Poland then the Bohemia (now Tchèquie) where it finishes its studies of Théologie and is ordered priest (with Chomutov, in 1768). He also teaches in Moravie and returns to France like private tutor of an aristocratic family Slovaque. He was in Avignon when the Society of Jesus was removed by the pope Clément XIV (1773).

Writer and polemist

Become " abbé" by the force of the decree, Barruel survives like tutor and starts to write. It publishes worms in favor of the advent of Louis XVI and it collaborates in the literary Year of Fréron of 1774 with 1884. In 1781, it publishes under the title of Helviennes of the letters against the Encyclopédistes and the Philosophie of the Lights. He exerts his liveliness of polemist in the ecclesiastical Journal of which he is almost the only writer (1788 to 1792). Initially favorable to the democratic ideas (it voluntarily gives up the nobiliary particle) its vigorous opposition to the civil Constitution of the clergy finally the constrained one to exile itself with London (1792). It has all the leisure that it is necessary for him to write its Histoire of the clergy during the Révolution (1793) which denounces religious persecution. Followed its Mémoires to be used for the history of the Jacobinisme : 4 volumes, published of 1797 to 1799, which were a sharp success and were translated into several languages.

Publication of the Memories

The Mémoires to be used for the history of the Jacobinisme of the Barruel abbot support that Illuminés of Bavaria (Illuminati), founded group on May 1st 1776 by Adam Weishaupt wanted to infiltrate the Franc masonry in order to reverse the capacities in place, as well policies as religious, to control humanity. This thesis wanting that the French revolution results from a Complot fomented against the Église and the royalty by the atheistic philosophers, the freemasons and enlightened knew a considerable posterity in the mediums Contre-révolutionnaire S more especially as at the same time, a similar thesis had been proposed by the Scot John Robison who suggested that the French revolution had been caused by the secret action of freemasonry.

Return in France

Returned in France after the 18 brumaire Barruel does not remain inactive. In 1803, it publishes a Apologie Concordat ( Of the Pope and its religious rights ) which is worth to him to be appointed canon of the cathedral of Paris by Napoleon. This honeymoon with the Napoléonien capacity does not last. It is imprisoned in 1811 to have supported Pie VII which was opposed to the nomination of Jean-Sifrein Maury as archbishop of Paris. After the universal restoration of the Society of Jesus by Black and white VII in 1814, Barruel required and obtained its réadmission among the Jesuits (1815). He died in Paris, on October 5th 1820, with nearly 80 years.

Publications

Ode on the glorious advent of Louis-Auguste to the throne, presented to the Queen , Paris, Valade, 1774.
Translation of Latin: Mr. the abbot Boscovich Josip Bošković, Eclipses, poem in six songs , Paris, Valade and Laporte, 1779.
Helviennes, or philosophical provincial Letters , Amsterdam and Paris, Laporte, 1781; Amsterdam and Paris, Kid, 2 vol., 1784 and 3rd vol., 1784-1785; Amsterdam and Paris, Briant, vol. 4-5, 1788; 7th ED. Paris, Strawy, 1830.
Letters on the divorce, with a deputy of the National Assembly, or, Refutation of a work having for title: " Of Divorce" , Paris, Crapart, 1789.
the veracious patriot, or speech on the true causes of the current revolution , Paris, Crapart, 1789.
(ED.), the Plagiarism of the supposedly ecclesiastical Committee of the National Assembly, or Decree of Julien the Apostate, forming the bases of the civil Constitution of the Clergy French, followed representations of saint Gregoire de Nazianze , Antioche and Autun, imperial Printing works, 1790.
Truths Principles on the marriage, opposed to the report/ratio of Mr. Durand de Maillane and serving as following the letters over the divorce , Paris, Crapart, 1790.
Of the control of the priests in the circumstances present. Letter of a country priest to his fellow-member, deputy with the National Assembly, on the action to be taken by the pastors of the hearts, in the businesses of the day , Paris, Crapart.
Development of the oath required of the priests in function by the National Assembly , Paris, Craparad, 1790.
National question on the authority and the rights of the people in the government , Paris, Craparad, 1791.
decisive Question about the capacities or jurisdiction of the new pastors , Paris, Crapart, 1791.
Development of the second oath called civic, issued the 16 and on November 29th, 1791 , Paris, Crapard; Pergamon near, " Files of the Revolution française" , 1989.
Prejudged legitimate on the civil constitution of the clergy and the oath required of the public civils servant , Paris, Crapart.
(ED.), ecclesiastical Collection or complete collection of the works made since the opening of the general states, relative with the clergy, its civil constitution, issued by the National Assembly, sanctioned by the king , Paris, Crapart, 1791-1793.
pastoral Letter of Mr. bishop of Evreux, has his diocesans. In their addressing the Apology for the control of the Pope, in the circumstances present , Paris, Crapart, 1792.
History of the clergy during the French revolution , London, J. Debrett, 1793; Ferrare, Pomatelli, 1794; London and Antwerp, C. - H. of Your, 1794; London and Paris, 1797.
History of the clergy during the French revolution , 2 vol., London and Paris, At the booksellers, 1797.
Memories to be used for the history of the Jacobinism, Hamburg, 5 flight, P. Fauche, 1798-1799.

- Republications: Hamburg, P. Fauche, 1803; Re-examined and corrected edition, 1818; Summary by E. Perrenet ED. Paris, French Rebirth, 1911; with an introduction of Christian Lagrave, Diffusion of the French thought, " Masters of Against-révolution" , 1974; Extracts under the title: Spartacus Weishaupt, founder of Enlightened of Bavaria , Ventabren, Rouyat, 1979; Pergamon near, " Files of the Revolution française" , 1989; Editions of Chiré, " Masters of Against-révolution" , 2 T., 2005.

Shortened Memories to be used for the history of the Jacobinism , 2 vol., London, P. Boussonnier, 1798,1799; Luxembourg, 1800; Hamburg, P. Fauche, 1800,1801; Paris: A. Clère, 1817.
Letters of one traveller to the Barruel abbot, or new documents for its memories, news discovered made in Germany, anecdotes on some large characters of this country, chronicle of the sect, etc (June 1st - November 1st, 1799) , London, Dulau, 1800.
Of the Pope and his religious rights, at the time of the Legal settlement , 2 vol., Paris, Crapart, 1803.
Three proposals on the Church of France, established under the terms of the legal settlement , London, J. Booker.
Of the Principle and the obstinacy of the Jacobins, in answer to the senator Gregoire , Paris, 1814; Italian transl.: LED principio E beyond ostinazione dei Giacobini; risposta LED' abate Barruel Al senator Gregoire , Torino, Galletti, 1814.
peaceful Counterpart with three lawyers of Mr. the senator Gregoire , Paris, not indicated, 1814.
(ED.), invaluable Collection for the historians of this time, or choice of booklets and lampoons on the characters and the events of the Revolution from the first abdication of Buon aside until the present moment , 4 vol., Paris, In the merchants of innovations, 1815.
Answer to lawyer of the Small-Church , Laval, Gatekeeper.
new Letters of Barruel on its return of exile (1802-1806) , published by Abel Dechêne, Aubenas, C. Habauzit, 1923.

Memories to be used for the history of the Jacobinism

Memories to be used for the history of the Jacobinism , Hamburg, 5 flight, P. Fauche, 1798-1799.

- English transl. (England): Memoirs illustrating the history off Jacobinism , 4 vol., transl. Robert Clifford, London, E. Booker, 1798; Extracts: The Antichristian and antisocial conspiracy, one extract from the French off the Abbot Barruel to which is prefixed, Jachin and Boaz, gold, Year authentic key to the door off Free-masonry, ancient and modern , Lancaster, Joseph Ehrenfried, 1812.

- English transl. (A): Memoirs illustrating the history off Jacobinism , First American Edition, from the second London edition, New York, Hudson & Goodwin, 1799; Selections from the Barruel Abbot' S " Memoirs Illustrating the history off Jacobinism" , Pittsfield, Phinehas Allen, 1802.

- Catalan transl.: Memorias para to serve á historia LED jacobinismo , transl. of france Raymundo Strauch there Vidal, Perpiñan, J. Alzine, 1827.

- Italian transl.: Storia LED giacobinismo: massoneria E illuminati di Baviera , Carmagnola, transl. Pietro Barbie, 1852; rééd. with a foreword of Albert Cesaro Ambesi, Carmagnola, G. Oggero, 1989.

- Portuguese transl. (extracts): O segredo revelado or Manifestação C systema back Pedreiros Books E Illuminados, E sweated influencia fatal Na revolução franceza , will obra extrahida das Memorias para has Historia C jacobinismo C abbade Barruel, transl. of Jose Agostinho de Macedo, Lisboa, Na Imp. Regia, 1809-1810.

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