Attack-suicide

The attack-suicide is a Attentat whose realization implies the death of its author.
Il is generally organized by military or paramilitary groups with an aim of destabilizing the institutions established by a part considered as enemy.

Used like a technique of combat by certain armies and certain terrorist groups, this practice is systematically denounced when it touches civil populations. However, of the movements of the type Révolution naire see the attack-suicide like their single means of expressing their point of view. Conditioning S to bring “candidates” to the Suicide were also observed.

The random attacks of the attack-suicides produce a important Paranoïa in the threatened populations and a sedentary form of fold . The cynical effectiveness (low costs apart from the life of the Kamikaze/great number of victims) of these operations made this tactic one of the more appraisals by the Guérilla S, the insurrectionists, and in particular the groups terrorist, in particular with the the Middle East.

History

Japanese kamikazes of the Second world war

The attack-suicide is sometimes wrongly compared to Japanese methods practiced at the time of the Second world war in the ocean Pacifique against the American troops. The pilots Kamikaze S Japanese used their planes to strike strategic targets of the American army in order to cause a maximum of damage and losses. The attack kamikaze is a military tactic on military targets in a war which is a rule of law with a declared beginning, end, belligerents and laws (Geneva Convention, etc) in a definite space. The Attentat is a punishable act, even criminal compared to certain laws.

Attacks with motivations policy and/or nun

The political or religious nature of these attacks is not always clear because they generally fit in the two contexts at the same time. The authors or the organizations which use them often claim God but within the framework of a nationalist fight.

The group at the origin of the use of the attacks suicides are the Tigres tamouls, in the Civil war of Sri Lanka.

Since the Years 1980, its use multiplied, in particular during the Guerre of Lebanon against the forces of FINUL mainly and in the conflict with the Parti Social Nationalist Syrian and the Lebanese Communist party George Hawi, then by the Palestinian movements against Israel.

The attacks suicides made by the terrorist islamist took a great importance in the Années 1990 then after the period marked by the beginning of the the Second Intifada in Israel/Palestine and by the events of September 11th, 2001 with Manhattan and Washington, D.C.

Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic off Suicide Terrorism

Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic off Suicide Terrorism (2005; ISBN 1-4000-6317-5) is a book written by Robert A. Pape in whom it analyzes the attack-suicides from a strategic point of view, social and psychological. The book is based on a database which it compiled at the university of Chicago, where it directs the Chicago project on suicidal terrorism. For the author the suicide bombings are not related to islamist fundamentalism where with any religious aspect but rather to force the modern democracies to withdraw their military forces of the territory that the Kamikaze S regard as their fatherland and to stop the occupation of these territories. He thinks that this type of attack is not related to a religious but nationalist aspect on “major anger” in front of the presence of occupying forces. He makes an analysis of the suicide bombings and find that the majority of the suicide bombings were made by not-Moslems. In fact the tigers tamuls made the greatest number of attacks. It also analyzes the suicide bombings made by the Hezbollah made between 1982 and 1986: 71% were made by Christians, 21% by Communists or Socialists and only 8% by the islamist ones. The book gained the praise of Peter Bergen, analyst of terrorism on the CNN and of Michael Scheuer, agent of the CIA chief of the center anti-terrorist between 1996 and 1999.

Critical of the attack-suicide

Judgments

(to be developed)

Examples of attack-suicides

1980 - 2003: 315 attack-suicides in Sri Lanka.
April 18th 1983: Attack-suicide against the embassy of the the United States in Beirut.
October 23rd 1983: Double murder commits suicide against quotas of the peace of UNO to Beirut by the Hezbollah. 241 American soldiers are killed in the attack of the airport of Beirut, 58 soldiers French are killed in the attacks station Drakkar.
April 9th 1985: Sana Khyadali is the first woman to make a attack-suicide, it was nationalist Syrian woman and thus Laïque.
1993-…: Several attack-suicides against civil and military targets Israeli.
the Second Intifada: Palestinian Attack-suicides of against Israeli soldiers and civilians .
Attacks against British and American targets in Kenya.
2001 : September 11th. Attack-suicides on the American ground .
Since 2003: Series of attack-suicides on the Iraqi ground in order to destabilize the government set up by American. Russia and Chetchnia are struck of a wave of attacks the same year.
October 1st 2004: Attack against a Shiite mosque with Sialkot, Pakistan.
2005 : July 7th. Attack-suicides in public transport in London. The presumed authors are British subjects.

See Attacks of July 7th, 2005 in London, Attacks of July 21st, 2005 in London

November 9th 2005: A triple terrorist attack aimed in Jordan the capital Amman. Three hotels of the chains Large Hyatt, Radisson and Days Inn were aimed at kamikazes equipped with explosive belts. The provisional appraisals give a report on 57 killed people and 300 wounded people, primarily of Jordanian nationality.
2007, Algiers: 11-A.

See too

Related bonds

Terrorism
List of the attack-suicides of the Brigades of the Al-Aqsa martyrs

External bonds

Suicide terrorism: total threat - Jane' S Re-examined Intelligence has

Simple: Commit suicide to bend

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