Atropine

The x-phenylacrilic atropine or acid is a Alcaloïde present in various plants of the family of the Solanacée S, like the Belladone, the Datura, the Jusquiame and the Mandragore, (of the Solanacée S known as poisonous). It is often used as a Antidote of some Poison gas S Neurotoxique S.

Isolated for the first time in 1833, the atropine is a mixture Racémique, optically inactive (mixture of Isomère S Lévogyre and Dextrogyre), whereas the Isomère Lévogyre is the Hyosciamine. The atropine is an antagonistic cholinergic which acts by setting at the muscarinic receiving of the Acétylcholine in the Nervous system central and peripheral.

Medical use

Useful effects

At the peripheral level, it causes especially effects Parasympatholytique S. Ainsi, it causes a cardiac acceleration, a reduction in secretions (sweat and saliva), a relaxation of the smooth muscles and a marked Mydriase (policy-holder by the system sympathetic nerve). This last property is made profitable in Ophtalmologie to facilitate the examination of the eye.

It was also used against certain chemical attacks.

Indications

  • It is the drug of choice, by intravenous or subcutaneous way, against the Malaise vagal. The atropine is also used to accelerate the heart rate in the event of transitory Bradycardie and at the time of some Troubles of cardiac conduction in particular at the time of a Myocardial infarction.
  • the atropine is also used to decrease the tremors at the Parkinsoniens
  • Mal of transport (akinétose)
  • Antidote with certain intoxications (nerve gases of military use, pesticides, etc)

Its duration of action is relatively short.

Side effects

  • Dryness of the mouth by stop of salivation.
  • Dryness of the skin by stop of sudation.
  • Rise in the body temperature by Vasodilatation on the level of the skin and the absence in sweat.
  • Vision disturbs for the reading of close (stop of accommodation);
  • retention of Urine at the predisposed people (hypertrophy of the Prostate).

The atropine can cause a serious intoxication with the amount of 10 Mg (what represents more than ten times the usual amount), which can then cause death by depression of breathing and depression of the cardiovascular system. At the central level, with important amounts, it stimulates, then induced excitation initially and is delirious by disturbing the memory before causing a paralysis, a coma, then death.

  • Inhibition of many physiological secretions (Secretions nasal, bronchial, pancreatic, gastric, etc)
  • Stressing of the painful feelings

use in veterinary medicine at the time of intoxication to the organophosphores and carbamates

Counter-indications

Precautions of use

The atropine passes the placental barrier.

See too

  • Receiving muscarinic

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