Athletics

The athletics is a Sport which comprises a whole of disciplines gathered in races , jumps , throws , combined tests and walk .

Definition

Its origins go up with the ancient Greece, where the first test, in -776, had been the race of the Stade and where it constituted, thereafter, a certain number of the tests of the Olympic Games.

The athletes imitated the heroes in competitions organized in favor of Zeus. True professionals, they represented their city and drew from their victories of substantial advantages and great honors.

Conversion with Christianity at the 4th century involved the prohibition of the “pagan” competitions by the emperor Théodose I {{er}}.

It reappears at the 18th century by the vogue of the races on the long distances, in Great Britain.

It is codified at the 18th century in the English schools and especially American (who gives him the name of track and field ). Because of design of their track, those impose competitions at English distances.

An International federation, IAAF, recognizes the official world records starting from 1912.

The leaders of TRUSTED and more generally of the Olympic movement preserve during a good portion of the 19th century the creed of supposed amateurism to protect the purity from the competitions of combine bets on the professional races.

But the intervention of the totalitarian States which use the scores for their political propaganda since the Thirties until the Cold war, the considerable incomes generated by publicity and especially television since years 1980 make take two great turns with the “first of the Olympic sports”:

  • the abandonment of the mention Amateur in the initials of the international federation;
  • the replacement of the matches between national teams by meetings or Meeting S on invitation which opposes athletes living from now on of their sport.

Deprived a long time of world appointments since the Olympic Games held supreme place of competition, the athletics devoted its large moult by the behavior of its first Championnats of the world to Helsinki in July 1983. Since 1991, these competitions became bi-annual, framing the Olympic year. In 2003, they were held with Paris with the Stade de France, then in 2005 again with Helsinki, in Finland.

Tests

The principal tests of the athletics are:
  • the races
    • the sprint: (60 m in room, 100 m, 200 m and 400 m for the individual tests; relay 4 X 100 m and relays 4 X.400 m for the relays by team);
    • high hedges (100 m hedges/110 m hedges) and low hedges (400 m hedges);
    • the medium-distance race and the bottom (800 m, {{Formatnum: 1500}} meters, 3000 m (in room); 5000 m, 10000 m and 3000 m steeple); one can add to this list the {{Formatnum: 1000}} meters, which is not an Olympic discipline, but which constitutes, at the men, the last test of the Heptathlon indoor and the Mile (distance to be traversed: 1609.34 m).
    • races of Lasted, 1 hour, 6:00, 12:00 or 24:00;
    • cross-country race, or Cross-country race;
    • races on road (10 km, Semi-marathon, marathon, 100 km, 24 hours and Ekiden);
  • the jumps
  • combined tests
  • the throws
  • the athletic walk (20 km, 50 km).

Principal competitions

  • International (Young people):

    • Championships of Europe Hopes of athletics (AEA) (for the athletes of less than 23 years)
    • Championnats of the world juniors of athletics (IAAF) (for the athletes of less than 20 years)
    • Championnats of Europe juniors of athletics (AEA) (for the athletes of less than 20 years)
    • Championnats of the world juniors by athletics (IAAF) (for the athletes of less than 18 years)

  • National:

    • France:
      • Championships of France of athletics (F)
      • Championships of France of athletics in room (F)
      • Championships of France of cross-country race (F)
      • Championships of France of marathon (F)
      • Championships of France of semi-marathon (F)
      • Championships of France the 24 hour old (F)
      • Championnats of France of the 100 kilometers (F)
      • Championnats of France of races in mountain (F)
      • Championnats of France young (juniors, juniors, hopes; outdoor and room), tiny and youngest children (gold Points) (F)

Other great international competitions

Records

See too

  • French federation of athletics
  • Athletics (handisport)
  • Olympic medals athletics Olympic men
  • Medal-holders athletics women
  • Association off Track & Field Statisticians

Records of Europe

  • Outdoor men
  • Outdoor women

Records of France

  • Outdoor men
  • Outdoor women
  • Men in room
  • Women in room
  • Chronology of the records of France

Simple: Athletics (track and field)

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