Athletic performance

Definition

" The athletic performance expresses the maximum possibilities of an individual in a discipline at a given time of sound développement". Platonov

" The capacity of athletic performance represents the possible degree of amélioartion of a certain sporting motor activity and, lying within a complex scope, it is conditioned by a plurality of factors spécifiques". Weineck

The athletic performance can be expressed in the form of a classification, of a distance, a time or a result, generally at the time of competition. It is the result of a complex drive. All the determining factors of the performance must be known and integrated in the process of drive so that the performance is maximum .....

Factors of the performance

One can gather the factors which influence the performance in several categories:

factors relating to the technique
factors relating to the physical condition.

the force
speed
the endurance
the flexibility

psychic capacities
social capacities
tactical and cognitive capacities
constitutional and medical factors

The endurance

The endurance plays a big role in the majority of the sports. One generally defines it as the capacity to maintain an effort in spite of tiredness. There exists different types of endurance:

Endurance of short duration (45 seconds to 2 minutes), the energy production is primarily ensured by the die Anaérobie.

Endurance of lasted average (from 2 to 8 minutes), the die Aérobie takes part of advantage in the energy production.

Endurance of long life (efforts higher than 8 minutes) the energy production is almost exclusively assured by the aerobe.

The force

The force is faculty to overcome or support an external resistance thanks to muscular tensions. There exist several modes:

static or isometric Mode: without modification length of the concentric muscle
dynamic Mode: shortening of the eccentric muscle
dynamic Mode: lengthening of the muscle

The force is directly proportional to the number of bridge actine/myosine. Its level depends on the way in which the driving units (UM) are concerned. Force developed is proportional to the number of recruited fibers, the drive improves recruitment. The frequency of the nervous impulses exploits the force, it passes from 5 to 6 potentials of action a second at rest to 50 to 60 to the maximum effort. At the time of the exercises of low intensities, recruitment is anarchistic. When the intensity increases, the recruitment of the UM is organized + in + for tending towards a maximum synchronization or intramuscular coordination.

Speed

Mechanically, speed is equal to the report/ratio of a distance over a time. In the athletic performance, speed is a major quality. One distinguishes 3 components speed:

Latency time of the driving reaction
Speed of the single movement
Frequency of the movement

The speed of the movement depends on the degree of coordination general and specific of the athlete.

References

J. Weineck, Manual of drive . Edition Vigot

See too

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