Astroviridae

The family of the Astroviridae is a family of Virus pertaining to group IV of the Virus with ARN simple bit (with positive polarity). This family of virus was described for the first time in 1975.
Le name of Astrovirus comes from the Greek word " astron " who means " star ".

They infect the Mammifère S and are responsible mainly for intestinal disorders of type Gastro-entérite.

These viruses were studied little because of the difficulties of their culture.

Epidemiology

The human of any age are likely to be infected but the immunodéprimés children, elderly and people are particularly sensitive.

They often cause sporadic infections but can also be responsible for epidemic S of gastro-enteritis, with a peak of incidence in Hiver.

Structure

They are small not wrapped Virus, icosahedral, measuring 28 to 30 Nm. They have the star shape with five or six branches (from where their name).
Lor Génome is of type ARN simple bit. The complete genome includes/understands between 6800 and 7900 Nucléotide S.

To date, seven Sérotype S human were described.

Kinds

Astrovirus are divided into two kinds:

  • the kind Mamastrovirus , species: Human Astrovirus, which infects, inter alia mammals, the human ones,
  • the kind Avastrovirus , species which infects the birds.

Pathogenecity

The transmission is orofécale. It is done principaleement by the means of water and food.

The Incubation is from three to four days. They infect, according to the species, the |man, the Bird X, the Cat S, the Dog S, the Pig S, the Sheep S.
Ils can be responsible for Gastro-entérite S (Diarrhée, nausea S, Vomissement S, fever]], Anorexie, pains abodominales).
La lasted of the Symptôme S is from three to five days.
Les infections in Astrovirus is not necessarily serious; only some cases go until the Déshydratation, and are however less severe than during infections with Rotavirus.

Astrovirus infect the mature cells of the Muqueuse of the villosities of the Small intestine , which will be replaced by epithelial cells cuboïdes.

Methods of diagnosis

The diagnosis can be made in electronic Microscopie. The techniques such as ELISA, the Immunofluorescence and RT-PCR can be used.
Sa culture is difficult because requires a special mllieu (fetal cells ).

Treatment

There is no specific treatment, nor of vaccine.
Le treatment is symptomatic, and is based mainly on the rehydration.

Notes and references of the article

  • (in) This article is partially resulting from a translation of the English articles: " Astroviridae" and " Astrovirus".

  • Caul E.O. Viral gastroenteritis: small round structured viruses, calciviruses and astroviruses. Leaves II. Perspective The epidemiological. J Covering joint Path 1996 ; 49: 959-964.
  • Büchen-Osmond C. Astroviridae. In: ICTVdb. The universal virus database, version 3. 2003. ICTVdb Management, Columbia University, New York, NY, the USA .
  • Koci M.D. Moser L.A. Kelley L.A. Larsen D. Brown D.C. Schultz-Cherry S. Astrovirus induced diarrhea in the absence off ignition and concealment death. J Vir 2003 ; 77: 11798-11808.
  • Trayner J. The epidemiology off Astrovirus. 1998. - Considering the 3/23/2007

See too

Related articles

External bond

  • Astroviridae

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